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The proliferation of Web 2.0 tools in visual arts education has ushered in multifaceted learning environments that cater to diverse sensory experiences. Among these tools, Canva for Education application stands out, offering an array of visual assets, content, and templates for diverse design endeavors. This tool not only augments learning experiences but also enhances creativity by piquing students' engagement through its myriad features. Nonetheless, the efficacy of such a tool is augmented when intertwined with active learning methodologies in pedagogical settings. Specifically, when Canva for Education is embedded within a collaborative learning framework, it fosters a distinct learning milieu, promoting peer-to-peer interactions. In this paper, activities that can be implemented in collaborative groups with Canva for Education application in middle school visual arts class were introduced. These activities were prepared within the framework of the objectives related to the use of technology in visual arts curriculum in Türkiye. Within the scope of this study, products developed with different design types are presented to guide teachers. It is thought that these activities will provide insights for practitioners and students on the use of Canva for Education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ecological footprint basically aims to measure the impact of humans on the ecosystem. The measurements include the area required to produce the materials consumed in terms of the consumption footprint and the area required to absorb the carbon dioxide emissions. No distinction is made between domestic and foreign producers in the production by the countries. The countries with the most developed industry and the highest impact on the ecosystem in this sense appear as the countries with the highest footprint in the ecosystem. This study, based on the ecological footprint data of seven industrialized countries (G7) between 1984 and 2019, aims to reveal the effect of ecological footprints on trade openness. Panel data analysis and ARDL Boundary Test / PMG method was used to obtain the results. DOLS and FMOLS methods were also used to compare both economic and empirical results and for consistency. As a result of the analysis, as the impact of industrialized countries on the ecosystem increases, their trade openness also increases in the short and long term. This effect could be seen most clearly in the United States (USA), which has the most developed industry. This research paper points out these important issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of power is inadvertently one of the most central topics in the field of politics. This concept has been intriguing for mankind as long as the human memory goes. Especially the realist school of thought has a primary focus on the power-narrative. One of the earliest studies undertaken was that of A.F.K. Organski who wrote World Politics in 1958 that constructed indicators what state power may or may not constitute. Organski's work being explanatory has prompted a scientific prediction of war based on these indicators. Power Transition Theory provides relevance from a practical realist stance in today's turbulent international order elaborating on Nation, International Relations and International Organizations. Constructivism criticizes the predictive abilities and the absoluteness as quick turn of events can make mockery of the tidiest of theories. However, this paper seeks to establish an alternative criticism to the Power Transition Theory as discussed in a vast body of literature on how wars are predicted during a transition of power on basis of Index of National Capability (INC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ancient Athens, where democracy was born, during the reign of Cleisthenes, between 487 and 416 BC, a kind of exile system called ostracism was introduced to protect democratic rule. This practice was actually a reflex of the Athenians, who were reacting to the arbitrary and oppressive regimes of the Tyrants, to protect the democratic government. Athenians wrote the names of rulers, who they feared would turn into tyrants and destroy democracy by force, on pieces of pottery called ostrakon, which served as ballot papers. As a result of the voting carried out in this way, the person whose name was written the most was exiled outside Athens for ten years. The status of the exiled person did not change. His property was also not confiscated. The person who was sent out of Athens with ostracism was returning to Athens after ten years of exile, continuing his life with his previous title and advantages. Although ostracism was seen as the insurance of democracy and the guarantee of the system when it was first implemented, it later moved away from its real purpose. It is also seen that some Athenian rulers, who wanted to increase their power, used ostracism as a weapon by influencing the views of the people to weaken or eliminate their rivals. Hemistocles, Kimon, and Alcibiades were also among the famous rulers of Athens exiled by the practice of ostracism. Ostracism, which first started with the exile of Hipparchus from Athens for 10 years, was finally applied to Hyperbolos in 417 BC, and then this practice disappeared into history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In eighteenth century, England and France were considered as the super powers of the world. Due to this competition between them, each empire was trying to preserve their establishment. Apart from political conditions, philosophical and social values that had been changing under the light of Enlightenment were regarded as perils to social order of the kingdoms in Europe. This led some intellectuals and religious men of the period to work on the maintenance of their societies. John Brown (1715-1766) as a religious man was also involved in this mission. Yet, his early works were mostly focus on morality and individuality. In this paper, his early works are analyzed in detail in order to indicate his moral theory which was constructed independently from the principles of Protestantism and Anglicanism. Afterwards the differences between his early works and the later works are examined and the political worries of the English establishment are explained through them. In this paper it is argued that English establishment aimed to defend the maintenance of their society by making religion as a political instrument in the conditions of the eighteenth century as could clearly be seen in Brown's works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of protectionism against the economic liberal order is a much-debated issue which is also associated with the debates on the future of the liberal order. This paper argues that Trump‟s economic protectionism is temporary and aims to strengthen the economic capacity of the United States rather than destroying the liberal economic order. As the USA ensures about the future of its hegemony and make himself the most beneficiary state, there can be less intervention to the functioning of the economic order. In doing this, he uses all power instruments of a hegemon which are material capability, institutions, and discourses. Trump aims to materially strengthen the USA position, and he supports this position with reorganized institutions and discourses within the liberal order. It is considered that reorganizing rules of institutions and creating a new language against the potential rivals is the most cost-effective way to preserve the global position of the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-leadership has emerged as a substitute for classical leadership approaches that treat external supervision as a requirement and focus on the leader rather than the employee. It is treated as a way of coping with the instability of the business environment, because organizations should utilize every single employee to be more lateral and adaptive. Self-leadership is a concept which asserts that every single employee can direct herself/ himself when given the opportunity. In literature, self-leadership is majorly considered as an outcome of personality factors. In this paper, the effects of some contextual factors-sub-practices of high-performance work systems (HPWS)-on self-leadership are investigated through a survey conducted on a sample of 212 participants. According to results, participation in decision making, job security, selective staffing and resultsoriented appraisal have positive contributions to self-leadership, whereas, contrary to expectations, extensive training is found to affect self-leadership negatively. Internal mobility, incentive rewards and job descriptions have no significant effect on self-leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meena Alexander is an Indian poet, scholar and writer. Exile, identity crisis, search for roots, migration are discussed in the works of her. Meena Alexander's first novel, Nampally Road (1991) is not an exception. This short novel is also about displacement and the protagonist's attempts to create herself an identity in her native land, India. The protagonist is Mira Kannadical. She is an English lecturer who returns to her own country after studying in England for four years and getting a PhD on Wordsworth from Nottingham University. She is uncomfortable and alone in England and decides to return her home country. Mira wants to meet new people and see new places. So, she accepts a teaching position in Hyderabad. Hookha and Shikha assert that "all Mira's hopes and dreams are shattered to see a totally different picture of India which teems with violence, civil unrest, and turbulence" (2013,2). Mira finds herself trapped in the city. She starts to question her own thoughts and writings. This paper aims to explore the conflicts in the protagonist's life and identity crisis she experiences while searching for her self with the portrayal of socio- political changes in Contemporary India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is a risk assessment tool that aims to improve security, identify, evaluate, and minimize failure modes in systems, designs, products, processes, or projects. The risk priority number (RPN) is the fundamental assessment criteria for FMEA-based risk assessment practices. The determination of RPN is based on the risk factors like occurrence (O), severity (S), and detection (D), should be calculated appropriately. However, the traditional RPN calculation method has been heavily criticized for many reasons, such as not considering the weight of the risk factors. To overcome this disadvantage of the traditional FMEA method, this paper proposes the FMEA model with Best Worst method (BWM) and Neutrosophic analytic hierarchy process (NAHP) integrated model for mechanical installation project. The weights of FMEA parameters S, O, and D are calculated by BWM method, which provides highly consistent pairwise comparison and reliable results. Then nine failure modes are evaluated in terms of S, O, and D parameters by NAHP method. Risk priority indexes are computed for determining the risk priorities of the failure modes. Finally, preventive measures have been proposed for the identified failure modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper replicates the data set of Acemoglu et al. (2008) to investigate the relationship between the level of income and the degree of democracy in terms of advanced economies over the period 1960-2000. The study extends the initial findings of Acemoglu et al. (2008) in terms of econometric procedures by using the system- GMM and allowing for more flexible - non-linear - specifications for the effect of income on democracy. The empirical results provide evidence of positive and non-linear effect from income to democracy for advanced economies even after controlling for country-specific effects. In addition, with the same data set that of Acemoglu et al. (2008), we find that the coefficients of log GDP per capita are positive and statistically significant in most specifications by way of using the system-GMM method, in contrast to the results provided by Acemoglu et al. (2008). Furthermore, an interesting result is the square term of log GDP per capita which is negative and statistically significant. This outcome indicates that while the initial stages of an increase in log GDP per capita have a positive impact on democracy, the latter stages show that this positive correlation turns into a negative possibly due to the changing dynamics of the power of income segments in the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to clarify the nature and selectiveness of residential moves and their impacts on the urban space, at the level of district in Istanbul within two distinct periods: 1985-1990 and 1995-2000. This study is an attempt to understand residential mobility which is one of the poorly studied dynamics of Turkish urbanization. Data used in this study is drawn from the 1990 and 200 Population Censuses. To analyse residential mobility, the paper revisited B.A. Kipnis' 'flow priority graph' and introduces the 'Socio-economic Development Index' which is the original contribution of this study. The major findings are that from 1990 to 2000, high-status groups' interaction with the urban geography of Istanbul significantly increased, opposite to low-status groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to understand the strategic meaning of culture as a core competence. In order to fulfill this aim we attempted to understand the effects of cultural values and beliefs on the strategic decision-making process. We used grounded theory method for this inductive qualitative research. We conducted 33 interviews with strategists (business owners and top level managers) from 27 different companies operating in Kayseri OIZ (Organized Industrial Zone) furniture industry. We used conceptual coding procedures to analyze the data. Consequently, we detected a clash of cultural value sets between two different and incompatible cultural value domains named "Western-Rational" and "Muslim-Turkish", in the field. We also observed that the strategists interviewed were facing with this clash both in their business and daily lives and they were exhibiting different behavioral outcomes in the face of this clash. We classified and conceptualized their behavioral outcomes into two behavioral patterns as the Janissary and the Mercenary behaviors. Finally, we observed that cultural values and beliefs (religious, traditional and rational) are operative at all levels of the strategic decision-making process and thus, they have a strong and deep meaning in strategic management processes as core competences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive neuroscience as a multidisciplinary field, seeks to understand human behavior at the intersection of social, cognitive, and neural spheres of science. Neuroscience can help organizations become more effective by support productivity and employee satisfaction. With this paper, it is aimed to contribute to literature with the potential promise of cognitive side of organizational behavior as synergic young field. The main aim of this paper is to discuss neuroscience techniques and ongoing studies with ethical perception that already existed in the organizational behavior field. This new field has emerged to investigate the cognitive neuroscience of organizational behavior and so, organizational scholars have begun to take note of the potential implications of neuroscience at workplace research, the popularity of new field is attested by recent conferences, special issues of journals. But the theoretical codes of this new science derive from an uneasy embracing of two different field of social behavior: sociobiology and evolutionary psychology on the one hand, and social psychology on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The well-known 14th century historian, economist, and sociologist Ibn Khaldun analyzed the economic, social, and political development of organized societies systematically. In his comprehensive analysis, he put forward that there had to be some factor, some incitement for the desire to exist on a larger scale among some human beings than among others. He stated that this factor which large and powerful states originated was asabiyya. He borrowed the concept of asabiyya from classical usage and gave a new, positive meaning to it. The original meaning of asabiyya implies people related to each other by blood ties. The group to which an individual feels most closely attached is his clan or tribe, the people with whom he shares a common descent. Ibn Khaldun reconsidered asabiyya as a factor being shared by people not related to each other by blood ties but by long and close contact as members of a group. According to him, it meant solidarity, group feeling or group consciousness. In this paper, I will try to highlight the concept of asabiyya as discussed by Ibn Khaldun. The aim of the paper is to quest whether asabiyya can be used as a fundamental concept for social cohesion in the EU, Turkey, and other political entities in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficiency increases and guarantees the living standards of a society. Equity increases the well-being of people who do not have the opportunities and capacities to obtain a share from the wealth. Equity enhances social inclusion and social cohesion. Efficiency and equity are regarded as contrary topics by a number of economists and policy makers, and therefore a tradeoff between them is brought forward. My argument in this paper depends on a normative assumption that, with no focus on a tradeoff between efficiency and equity, 'effiquity'[sup¹] best serves for the social Europe. The purpose of this paper is to display various social models in the EU and to highlight the most efficient and equitable model, namely the Nordic model, which can be used as the European Social Model. The method used in this article is normative and comparative. The article will proceed as follows: after the introduction part; varieties of societal models will be summarized. In this section, the core values and typologies of social models will be described. Then, the grounds for the trade-off between economic efficiency and social equity will be discussed. The concept of 'effiquity' and its variables in analyzing a social model will take part in the fourth section. A numerical analysis of the effiquity position in the EU15 and Turkey, which is based on the empirical data, will follow the conceptual framework of effiquity. The conclusion part will sum up the discussion and propose the Nordic model best for the social Europe, and make some suggestions for Turkey to promote its social dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of present study is to determine the relationship between the quality of teaching processes and learning resources of a higher education institution and academic achievement of B. A. students in Gaziantep University. With this purpose in mind, students' perceptions about the following sub-dimensions are determined: Integration and teaching processes, career guidance services, library facilities and services, communication with the faculty administration and the academics, student affairs, physical learning conditions, campus life, research activities, assessment and evaluation, course contents and classroom conditions. The study is designed with the correlational survey model and the data are obtained by administering a scale to randomly selected 796 students in 2014-2015 educational year. In data analysis, SPSS 20.0 software package is used and Independent Samples T Test and Multiple Linear Regression are applied to the normally distributed data set. According to research results, the participants' views differ significantly in four of the sub-dimensions according to their gender and these sub-dimensions - career guidance services, teaching processes, campus life and assessment and evaluation - are found to predict about 15% of students' academic achievement. It is extrapolated that some variables relevant with teaching processes and learning resources of a higher education institution have substantial impact upon student achievement. The paper concludes by offering some implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women have higher rates of depression and report more depressive symptoms than men, in diverse societies and contexts. Typical explanations make reference to hormonal aspects of being female, and to women's lower social status, which occurs in every culture. However, gender differences are absent or reduced in rural contexts and in non-Western cultures. The current paper sought to contribute to the literature on both gender differences and urban-rural differences in depression with data from a rapidly developing society, Turkey. The Beck Depression Inventory was administered to college students in rural and urban regions of Turkey, along with questions about personal achievement, parental control, and individualism-collectivism scales. Males and females reported similar amounts of depressive symptoms in both urban and rural areas, with symptom report being lower in the urban sample compared to the rural sample. These findings cast doubt on the proposal that women are inevitably more depressed than males. It is useful to consider what factors exist in Turkish society, or in the lives of Turkish college students, that equalize stressors for males and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's economy has grown remarkably since its adoption of market-oriented reforms in 1978. This reform movement played an important role in China's growth prospects,and is expressed in a transformation of its economic structure and economic growth model. The economic growth of China has further increased as a result of its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 11 December 2001, and through its economic openness. This has brought certain opportunities, but also presents risks. However, there is doubt about the issue of sustainability of China's long-term economic growth. This paper aims to examine the sources of economic growth in China through the literature on the subject, considering expansion of output, which is the sum of the change in consumption, investment, and net exports of goods and services, and then inward foreign direct investment (FDI), and their status as sources of economic growth. It concludes that despite China's rapid economic growth, there are a number of structural problems in the country's economy, as well as future challenges facing China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Testing social disorganization theory for the causes of index (major) crime incidence among Turkish juveniles is the subject of this study. Delinquency rates are quite high and it is an important problem for every society. It is needed to know the causes of delinquency to find appropriate solution ways and to decrease the delinquency rate. Thus, this article was prepared by utilizing data belongs to 205 incarcerated juveniles from different juvenile correction facilities in Turkey in 2007. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Multivariate analysis indicates that education and living in urban areas have significant effect on the probability of index crime incidence. The implications of the findings were discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in Mathematical and statistical methods have increased the use of non-linear methods. Especially after the stock market crash, the non-linear work has become even more important and gained rapid rate of development. Due to the high returns of the stock market stock markets have always been an attractive investment area. On the other hand it's the unpredictable movements of the stock market makes it more risky. However, non-linear methods help to stock market players to create more revenues. In the study, Turkish capital markets, Borsa Istanbul is examined. Turkey is an attractive emerging market for fund managers. The purpose of this paper is to determine the non-linear dependence and events that lead to non-linearity by using the indexes of different sectors at the Borsa Istanbul. To this end, the Hinich portmanteau bi-correlation non-parametric test that uses the windowed testing procedure is applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Politics and economics are two dependent areas that lead to political business cycles. Countries with different development levels encounter political business cycles differently. The existence of political business cycles is mostly researched on the basis of fiscal variables. In this paper, we will be dealing with the existence of political business cycles with respect to monetary variables. Our research utilizes a simple but explanatory time series model. The empirical results show the existence of the opportunistic political business cycles in Turkish economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban living offers conveniences which reduce the need to rely on family and close friends. The current paper tested the urbanization hypothesis, which is that residents of urban areas will be more individualistic and less collectivistic than rural residents. Individualism, collectivism and family-consciousness were assessed in college students in several Turkish cities and one US city (Boston). Urbanization co-varied most strongly not with individualism, but with low values of vertical collectivism, which is the tendency to subordinate personal goals to those of in-group authority figures, and with family-consciousness (communalism within the family group). family-consciousness and vertical collectivism were less frequently endorsed in larger urban areas compared to rural areas. These associations provide a foundation for asking more specific questions about what aspects of urban living (e.g., income, education, religious belief, less frequent co-residence with family) influence collectivist values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concentrates on the theory of democracy promotion and analyzes the case of Albania since the beginning of the 1990s until the recent developments. We start by giving some information on the background of the communist past in political, economic and social spheres, with the assumption that the characteristics of the authoritarian regime should have an impact upon the democratization strategy of the promoter. In the literature, there is a debate on whether democracy should be promoted at the level of political parties and politically oriented civil society groups or transparency and accountability should be targeted as essential factors of national development. Albania experienced both strategies. Firstly, United States was the major external actor that initiated and supported the democratization process in Albania. Then the EU followed with the policy framework of Stabilization and Association Process (SAP) that offered a commitment by the organization to necessary political, financial and personal resources to Balkan countries to complete the fulfillment of democratic principles required for membership. As a conclusion, the external assistance helped advance the level of democracy in the country, however remaining deficiencies show that the democracy promoters should support institutions that embrace democracy as an essential value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the basic principles of Islamic economy and finance. Multi-faceted ownership, economic freedom within a certain limit, and social justice are fundamentals of Islamic economics. These principles can only be implemented through the institutional reforms such as zakat and prohibition of interest. Interest-free banking based on the principle of profit and loss sharing of participatory financing is at the center of Islamic finance. Although it is proposed as a superior alternative to conventional banking system, Islamic banking could not live up to expectations in practice. It is because rather than being essentially an economic one, the argument in favor of Islamic economy and finance was to protect Muslim identity in various parts of the world. Turkey?s experience with Islamic finance began in the mid 1980s as a part of financial liberalization policy. Yet the Islamic banking and finance could not achieve the desired level of development till now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely held that the very motivation behind the practice of technology is a theoretical attempt to make everything "explicit" as much as possible. I shall argue in this paper, however, technology in the broadest sense does not necessarily require any analytical lucidity or prepositional clarity. Rather, I will try to show that, approached from Deweyian sense everyday technological activities call for 'habitual mode of being and doing' that has nothing to do with being explicit about the steps one is supposed to follow in a strict order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the track of marketing, by referring to the literature, through the advancements in digitalized technological systems particularly Information Technologies (IT), the emergence of a more broadly educated and more discerning consumer with increasing discretionary spending and purchasing power, the adoption of Total Quality Management (TQM) as the biggest competitive issue of 1990s, the growth of the service economy, the increase of competitive intensity and its impact on customer retention, and finally from a production-oriented definition of marketing to customer-oriented one(transaction to relationships). Actually all these variables are considered to be the main drivers of Relationship Marketing (RM) that led the pathway to Total Relationship Marketing (TRM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]