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Abstract Ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) are fabricate using a single wide-bandgap poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b0]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(10,30-di-2-thienyl-50,70-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[10,20-c:40,50-c0]dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T) as the donor material and 3,9-bis (2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis (4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′, 3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene) (ITIC) as the acceptor and poly[[N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-(3,3′-difluoro-2,2′-bithiophene)-5,5′-diyl] (F N2200) as third component materials. Due to the strong absorption ability at the short-wavelength region. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.9% is achieve for the OSCs via incorporating 10 wt% F N2200 in blend-acceptor materials, with an enhance the short-circuit current (J SC) of 17.6 mA cm−2, fill factor (FF) of 68.0% and stable open-circuit voltage (V OC) of 0.91 V relative to binary OSCs. The short-wavelength absorption windows of F N2200 is favourable the harvesting of as many as possible photons and the enhance exciton dissociation ratio at the ITIC/F N2200 interface due to the deeper LUMO energy level of F N2200 relative to ITIC molecule. Meanwhile, the incorporation small amount of F N2200 is weaken monomolecular recombination and bimolecular recombination under open-circuit and short-circuit conditions respectively and enhance the charge carrier mobility. The use of PBDB-T as donor and the blend of ITIC and F N2200 as an electron acceptor provides a useful strategy for exploring high-performance ternary OSCs. Highlights • Ternary OSCs were fabricated with F N2200 as third component materials. • The ternary photoactive layer is weaken charge carrier recombination. • The improvement of exciton-dissociation at the PBDB-T/acceptor interface. • The enhanced photovoltaic performance, especially under weak light intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We describe a ternary photoactive layer based on PffBT4T-2OD as a donor with a blend of dihydronaphthyl-based C60 bisadduct (NCBA) and PC 71 BM as the acceptor. It offers ideal exciton dissociation, an ideal charge-carrier recombination and photovoltaic performance relationship, and improves the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of polymer solar cells (PSCs). NCBA has a broad visible-light absorption spectrum and shallower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, which enhance exciton dissociation and charge-carrier transport and suppress charge-carrier recombination. This remarkably increases the photocurrent density and fill factor. An optimized PCE of 9.79% was achieved for the ternary PffBT4T-2OD:NCBA:PC 71 BM(1:0.24:0.96)-based PSCs. The mechanism was exciton dissociation at the PffBT4T-2OD/NCBA, PffBT4T-2OD:PC 71 BM, and NCBA/PC 71 BM interfaces. This simultaneously enhances the exciton-dissociation ratio and charge-carrier transport. Meanwhile, PSCs with 20% NCBA as third-component materials exhibit improved thermal stability and photo-stability leading to a lower ratio of PCE under long-time thermal-annealing and visible-light-illuminated treatment. This work indicates that NCBAs are third-component materials that significantly improve PSC performance. Highlights • Ternary PSCs were fabricated with NCBA as third component materials. • The ternary photoactive layer is weaken charge carrier recombination. • The improved exciton-dissociation at the donor–blend acceptor interface. • The enhanced photovoltaic performance, thermal stability and photo stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) as an electron transport material has been used in regular planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, ZnO nanoparticles serve as an additive directly in perovskite active layer in order to fabricate a bulk-heterojunction inverted planar PSC. The CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x :ZnO bulk heterojunction is prepared by mixing ZnO nanoparticles into CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x precursor solution. ZnO nanoparticles act as catalytic centers and induce the growth of perovskite grains leading to the formation of large-size perovskite crystals. Remarkably, hysterysis-free power conversion efficiency of 17.26% is achieved when precisely control the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in CH 3 NH 3 PbI x Cl 3-x :ZnO bulk heterojunction active layer. The presence of ZnO nanoparticles in the perovskite films enhances the conductivity and electron mobility. Efficient charge injection of CH 3 NH 3 PbI x Cl 3-x :ZnO film can improve charge extraction in the PSCs. Moreover, the PSCs with CH 3 NH 3 PbI x Cl 3-x :ZnO bulk heterojunction exhibit high fill factor of 77.3% and short current density of 22.71 mA cm−2, which is attributed to improved perovskite quality. The bulk heterojunction structure is fabricated by combining perovskite and metal oxides, which is of great importance to the development and commercialization of PSCs in the future. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • A CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x :ZnO bulk heterojunction exits in the perovskite solar cell. • ZnO nanoparticles improve light harvesting efficiency of perovskite solar cell. • ZnO nanoparticles lead to the formation of large-size perovskite crystals. • ZnO nanoparticles improve conductivity and electron mobility of perovskite film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ternary PSCs were fabricated with PBDB-TF as third component materials. • The improvement of charge dynamics process of ternary photoactive layer by ternary strategy. • The improved exciton-dissociation at the donor–blend acceptor interface. In this manuscripts, a ternary polymer solar cells (PSCs) are fabricate with two "D18-series" donor (D18-Cl and D18) as blend donor and T6 as acceptor. The effects of D18-Cl and D18 in ternary PSC on the film morphology, photoelectronic properties and charge carrier dynamics were systematically investigated. By finely adjusting the D18 content, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.66 % is achieved in the optimized ternary PSCs with 35 wt% D18 in donor, resulting from significantly improved short-circuit-current density (J SC) of 26.80 mA cm−2 in comparison with those of D18-Cl:Y6 binary PSCs. The J SC of ternary PSCs monotonously increase along with the incorporation of D18, indicating that D18 is comprehensively optimal short wavelength photon harvesting compared with D18-Cl. Both D18-Cl and D18 are shown similar highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, which is beneficial to efficient charge transport at the blend donor domain. Our work indicates that the blend of D18-Cl and D18 as blend donor and Y6 as electron acceptor to boost photovoltaic performance in the ternary PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photo-annealing treatment has successfully been demonstrated in organic solar cells (OSCs) with solution-processable titanium (diisopropoxide) bis(2,4-pentanedionate) (TIPD) as an electron extraction layer; this process was shown without thermal annealing treatment. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) is quite low in the initial stage, though it dramatically increases following constant light illumination and reaches a saturated state after 9 min of light illumination. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) were used, and they showed that the TIPD molecules decomposed and formed stable Ti O bonds. According to photocurrent density-effective voltage curve (J ph - V eff), short-circuit current density (J SC) and open-circuit voltage (V OC) value under different light intensity, the photo-annealed TIPD-based OSCs showed efficient charge transport and suppressed charge recombination. Thus, after a fresh TIPD solution was spin-coated onto the indium tin oxide (ITO) surface and photo-annealed for 9 min, the OSCs showed the highest photovoltaic performance compared to ZnO-based OSCs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Calcium (Ca) is not a desirable candidate as electron extraction layer (EEL) for long-term stability organic photovoltaics (OPVs) on account of its nature of active metal. In this paper, we has selected thieno[3,4-b]thiophene/benzodithiophene (PTB7) and [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as donor and acceptor, respectively, and the device architecture is Glass/ITO/poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulphonate (PEDOT:PSS)/PTB7:PC71BM/EEL/Aluminum. For comparison, tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and Ca were used as EEL to reveal their influence on the performance [power conversion efficiency (PCE), short-circuit current density (J SC), open-circuit voltage (V OC) and fill factor (FF)] of the OPVs. As a result, PCE of the device with Ca as EEL rapidly reduced over 60% after three days due to the poor stability of Ca. The device with Alq3 as EEL shows favorable stability owing to the PCE moderate declined less than 30% after one month. Furthermore, PCE of the device with Alq3 as EEL was fully comparable to that with Ca as EEL. Our results indicate that Alq3 is an alternative candidate for high-performance and long-term photo-stability OPVs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) were fabricated with PBDB-T as donor and a blend of IEICO-4F and NC 70 BA as the acceptor and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaches 10.92%. Due to good compatibility and cascade LUMO level among PBDB-T, a large amount of IEICO-4F and a small amount of NC 70 BA (the ratio of IEICO-4F:NC 70 BA is 85:15), which beneficial for adjusting lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of blend acceptor and wide energy offset between the donor and acceptor materials, leading to the enhancement of the open-circuit voltage (V OC). The optimized ternary PBDB-T:IEICO-4F:NC 70 BA films is more efficient exciton dissociation and suppress charge carrier recombination than that of binary PBDB-T:IEICO-4F and PBDB-T:NC 70 BA films, leading to small energy losses. In addition, this approach maintains PCE without sacrificing short-circuit current density (J SC) and fill factor (FF), even if the weak long and near-infrared wavelength photon harvesting. A more than 10% PCE improvement is achieve by employing a ternary strategy in comparison to PBDB-T:IEICO-4F-based binary OSCs with a PCE of 9.87%. Simultaneously, the optimized ternary PBDB-T:IEICO-4F:NC 70 BA OSCs exhibit the excellent thermal stability and 78.8% initial PCE under thermal annealing treatment at 80 °C for 20 h. • The ternary OSCs with blend acceptor achieved a PCE of 10.92%. • Around 10% PCE improvement is obtained by employing ternary strategy. • The improvement of exciton-dissociation at the Donor/blend acceptor interface. • The simultaneously enhance performance and stability for ternary OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-inorganic CsPbBr 3 perovskite has triggered great interests in photovoltaic field owing to its superior stability. However, the uncontrollable CsPbBr 3 film growth in solution always leads to a poor film quality with low phase-purity as well as many surface and bulk defects. Herein, we demonstrate an environmentally friendly non-solution route to fabricate high-quality CsPbBr 3 films for carbon-based planar perovskite solar cells. By precisely tuning the thickness ratio of the evaporated CsBr to PbBr 2 precursors (r), the dominant phase conversion of the cesium lead bromide perovskites from PbBr 2 -rich CsPb 2 Br 5 (r ≤ 12:7) to CsPbBr 3 (r = 12:8), and further to CsBr-rich Cs 4 PbBr 6 (r ≥ 12:9) are achieved. The optimized CsPbBr 3 perovskites are highly phase-pure and crystallized with ultra-high light absorption ability. The as-prepared CsPbBr 3 films also exhibit a dense and uniform morphology with large grain sizes and monolayer-vertical aligned grains. The corresponding devices deliver a champion PCE of 7.58%, which is an excellent efficiency among carbon-based CsPbBr 3 cells with evaporated CsPbBr 3 light absorbers. The large-area (1 cm2) devices also achieve an efficiency of 6.21%. Moreover, the unencapsulated CsPbBr 3 devices present superior moisture and thermal stabilities. Our work provides a facile approach to fabricate high-quality and large-area CsPbBr 3 films for highly efficient solar cells, light-emitting diodes and photodetectors. Image 1 • A sequential evaporation method is devised to prepare high-quality CsPbBr 3 films. • An excellent PCE of 7.58% is achieved for carbon-based CsPbBr 3 PSCs. • A PCE of 6.21% is obtained for large-area devices with an active area of 1 cm2. • Superior moisture and thermal stabilities are obtained for the devices. • The whole production costs of the devices are very low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α-Formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI 3) has become one of the most promising candidate materials for stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and high thermal stability. The crystallinity of the active layer of perovskite is essential to the performance of perovskite solar cells. In this paper, we added lead acetate Pb(Ac) 2 as a grain growth agent into the perovskite precursor solution to prepare high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells. It was revealed that the crystals of Pb(Ac) 2 -modified film grew selectively along the [200] direction and that the FAPbI 3 active layer grains were arranged neatly and densely, due to the significant influence of a moderate amount of weakly acidic Ac- on the crystal growth of FAPbI 3. The relative reduction in its grain boundaries led to the decrease in the grain boundary impedance, and it was easier for electrons to perform long-range migration in the perovskite active layer. The beneficial effects of Pb(Ac) 2 were further expiored by femtosecond Fs-TA measurements and density of states (tDOS) analysis, where the carrier lifetimes τ 2 was increased from 482.4 ps to 1340 ps, and the trap density of film states was significantly reduced. The filling factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) were increased from 76.5% and 19.7–81.1% and 21.8%, respectively, the Pb(Ac) 2 devices were placed in air for 800 h for the light aging test, and the test results still maintained 90% of the original efficiency, which improved the stability of FAPbI 3 crystals. • Pb(Ac) 2 as an additive to modulate the crystalline quality of perovskite active layer films. • Perovskite solar cell defect reduction and carrier lifetime increase by Pb(Ac) 2 modification. • The Pb(Ac) 2 -modified active layer grains have preferential orientation and orderly arrangement. • 81.1% filling factor and 21.8% efficiency are achieved for a single PSC cell with excellent stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]