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The aim of this study is to present the possibilities of nurse education in the use of the Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT) tool to support the documentation process. The success of the nursing process is based on the accuracy of nursing diagnoses, which also determine nursing interventions and nursing outcomes. Educating nurses in the use of artificial intelligence in the nursing process can significantly reduce the time nurses spend on documentation. Discussion paper. We used a case study from Train4Health in the field of preventive care to demonstrate the potential of using Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT) to educate nurses in documenting the nursing process using generative artificial intelligence. Based on the case study, we entered a description of the patient's condition into Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT) and asked questions about nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions and nursing outcomes. We further synthesized these results. In the process of educating nurses about the nursing process and nursing diagnosis, Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT) can present potential patient problems to nurses and guide them through the process from taking a medical history, setting nursing diagnoses and planning goals and interventions. Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT) returned appropriate nursing diagnoses, but these were not in line with the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association – International (NANDA-I) classification as requested. Of all the nursing diagnoses provided, only one was consistent with the most recent version of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association – International (NANDA-I). Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT) is still not specific enough for nursing diagnoses, resulting in incorrect answers in several cases. Using Generative Pre-training Transformer (ChatGPT) to educate nurses and support the documentation process is time-efficient, but it still requires a certain level of human critical-thinking and fact-checking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In 2008, the type of document “proceedings paper” (PP) was assigned in the WoS database to journal articles which were initially presented at a conference and later adapted for publication in a journal. Since the use of two different labels (“article” and “proceedings paper”) might lead to infer differences in their relevance and/or quality, this paper presents a comparative study of standard journal articles and PP in journals to explore potential differences between them. The study focuses on the Library and Information Science field in the Web of Science database and covers the 1990–2008 period. PP approximately account for 9% of the total number of articles in this field, two-thirds of which are published in monographic issues devoted to conferences, which tend to be concentrated in specific journals. Proceedings papers emerge as an heterogeneous set comprising PP in ordinary issues, similar to standard articles in structure and impact of research; and PP in monographic issues, which seem to be less comprehensive and tend to receive less citations. Faster publication of PP in monographic than in ordinary issues may conceal differences in the review process undergone by either type of paper. The main implications of these results for authors, bibliometricians, journal editors and research evaluators are pointed out. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article deals with a methodology for the design of routes for the “bin to bin” (BTB) collection of paper and cardboard waste (PCB) from small businesses, as well as with the new location and calculation of the number of containers needed in the streets for both commercial and non-commercial use due to the large amount of PCB deposited in them. This study was carried out in five shopping areas of the city of Leganés (Community of Madrid, Spain). One of the characteristics of the area is a high density of population and urban traffic. The tool used is the Geographical Information System (GIS-Arc-View). With it we can generate PCB points of high population density in commercial streets based on territorial analysis. We placed the special routes and the new container locations within a distance of 60m of these collection points (CPT). The system calculates and optimizes six routes according to different urban restrictions. Finally, we provided service to 59% of the shops, which generate almost 82% of the PCB waste, using 160min per day to collect 1027kg of high quality PCB. If we compare the system with the system in place previously, we can conclude that the “bin to bin” (BTB) system improves the quality of the PCB in the containers, avoiding overflow and reducing the percentage of rejected material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Paper raw materials contain impurities, such as waxes, coating binders, hot melts and pressure-sensitive adhesives, that have a tendency to attach to the surfaces of machinery during paper production. Drying cylinders located at the beginning of the drying section are in an especially challenging position because sticky materials can easily transfer from the paper web to the hot cylinder surfaces at this point. Usually, one to four drying cylinders are coated with a nonstick coating material in order to decrease contamination. The nonstick properties of coating materials are at their best when the coatings are new, but their performance usually decreases as the materials age. To date, there is no practical method available for the on-site evaluation of the nonstick properties of coating materials or a method to monitor the condition of the coating during its life cycle. A new practical method for the on-site evaluation of nonstick cylinder coating materials has been developed. This method also provides the opportunity to compare the performance of different drying cylinder coating materials. The analysis is performed using an adhesive tape attached to a clean cylinder surface. The tape is immediately peeled off of the surface at a constant speed and peel angle. The temperature compensation is used to facilitate the comparison of surfaces at different temperatures. The force required to peel off the adhesive tape is monitored with a force meter. Our results show a linear relationship between the release force and the nonstick qualities of the coating. In this paper, a method for testing drying cylinder coatings and the results of mill tests are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Currently there are several methodologies available for estimating the carbon footprint of products. In this study a comparison has been made between the outcomes and the implications of three different methodologies applied to office paper: (1) the ISO 14040/14044 standards limited to the analysis of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the corresponding impact category global warming; (2) the PAS 2050; and (3) the Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI) framework. The carbon footprint of office paper from cradle-to-costumer is 4.64, 4.74 and 4.29gCO2eq per A4 sheet according to, respectively, the ISO 14040/14044 standards, the PAS 2050 and the CEPI framework. The ISO 14040/14044 standard methodology allows the quantification of 98% of the total GHG emissions with the smallest effort in data collection. The major hot spots are the stages of eucalypt pulp and office paper production and chemical and fuel production for all methodologies. General methodologies such as those analysed in this study are not enough for the comparison of products. More specific rules, such as Product Category Rules, that limit the degree of freedom in the choice of the functional unit, system boundary, allocation rules, data quality, between others, should be developed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this study, the performance and the efficiency of physico-chemical effluent treatment in a paper mill was investigated, with the aim of evaluating the treatment rationality and running stability. The effluent treatment plant (ETP) uses alum as a coagulant and polyacrylamide as a flocculant in multi-stage water purification. Inadequate efficiency and some operational problems were observed and their occurrences were investigated. Several simple measures inside the mill and some technical measures can prevent or postpone expensive end-of-pipe treatment investments, such as biological treatment. Chemically enhanced primary treatment under optimal operating conditions can be a stand-alone technique for achieving high quality effluent. Furthermore, reductions in wastewater generation in combination with fiber and filler recovery provide environmental benefits as well as significant economic savings in production. The advantages of the cleaner production approach in existing treatment units compared to expensive biological end-of-pipe technologies are obvious. This study demonstrated that the examined mill could easily and cost-effectively change its water system toward strict discharge limits by continuing to use the existing treatment units. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: There has been much debate on the topic of whether stricter environmental regulations can promote environmental performance and economic performance at the same time. Different researchers have used different indicators to measure environmental performance and economic performance in their empirical studies. However, it is a surprise that few studies have checked the relationship between environmental regulation and eco-efficiency, as the latter is widely regarded as a quite powerful tool of considering ecology and economy together. In this study the background is the implementation in 2003 of the Stricter Discharge Standard (SDS) in Shandong Province’s Pulp and Paper Industry (SPPI), compared to the national standards of China. The stricter regulations were intended to promote corporate change from passive management to active control and from end-of-pipe treatment to cleaner production. This study investigated the eco-efficiency trends of SPPI from 2001 to 2008 in three fields: water efficiency, energy efficiency and environment efficiency. A “de-linking” and “re-linking” tool was used to attain a further evaluation. The study showed that with the implementation of stricter regulation most of the efficiency indicators (except CO2 emission and energy consumption) had achieved significant improvements, and the overall environmental performance trends of SPPI showed it to be more sustainable. However, the study also found that it was not enough to address a single indicator in the environmental regulation of the pulp and paper industry. More holistic eco-efficiency indicators need to be further considered and introduced to the industry as the next step to create true sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Retrofit process design can be seen as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem aiming at selecting the best alternative for improving the performance of a chemical process. There is a growing consensus that environmental considerations, including the environmental impact associated with all life cycle stages of materials, should be integrated in chemical process design. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a technique that allows quantification of those impacts. However, implementing this technique would increase the decision-making complexity and thus would necessitate systematic tools and methods. The analogy between LCA and MCDM has been recognized, but the systematic evaluation of LCA methodological choices and interpretation in this context is rarely discussed. The importance of those is demonstrated in this paper using a case study involving the implementation of de-inked pulp capacity and cogeneration and an integrated newsprint mill. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper proposes a multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation method of individual research output (IRO). It highlights the fact that a single index can never give more than a rough approximation to IRO, and the evaluation of IRO is a multi-attribute complex problem. Firstly, an evaluation index system is established by determining evaluation attributes and choosing the appropriate bibliometric indicators. To address the multiple authorship problem, this paper develops an improved number-of-papers-published indicator. Following this, TOPSIS method is used to conduct a comprehensive IRO evaluation. Then this paper uses a case study to test the feasibility of the methodology. Finally, this paper discusses the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with traditional single-indicator evaluation approaches, the proposed multi-attribute evaluation takes more aspects into consideration, therefore it is able to effectively overcome the one-sidedness of a single indicator. The proposed method also has significant advantages compared with other comprehensive IRO evaluation methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• The study promotes a standardized framework for the analysis of complex systems. • Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Emergy Accounting (EMA) are integrated for synergy. • Differences and similarities between LCA and EMA add value for deeper understanding. • The proposed framework is based on ex-ante LCA, EMA and ex-post LCA procedures. The analysis of complex systems requires an integrated application of different assessment methods also taking into account different scales and points of view to gain a systemic understanding of the investigated case study. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Emergy Accounting (EMA) are both environmental assessment methods, showing many similarities in the way they are performed, especially with respect to the inventory construction and to the interpretation of results. They also show great differences, the main residing in the different perspectives they give. LCA applies a consumer side perspective, and its space and time scales are set at a boundary capable to include all the process phases in terms of location and durability and their direct impacts on the investigated areas. On the other hand, throughout its donor side perspective, EMA expands the boundaries of the system over the entire biosphere space and time scales. Differences and similarities between LCA and EMA may gain added value by their implementation within a procedural framework which exploits the characteristics of the two methods. The present work proposes a methodological procedure based on the sequential and integrated application of LCA and EMA methods, called LEAF (LCA & EMA Applied Framework). The traditional Amalfi paper production is used as a test case study. The procedure stems include: (i) an ex-ante LCA analysis, to identify the hotspots of the investigated case study; (ii) the assessment of the environmental performance of the system through the development of different EMA-based improvement scenarios built around the chosen hotspots; and (iii) an ex-post LCA application built on each scenario results in order to detect the different environmental burdens. The application of LEAF to the traditional Amalfi paper production shows that the use of a more sustainable energy source is an effective solution (among the set of proposed options) to increase the sustainability of the investigated system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few decades, there has been a dramatic increase in scientific publications dealing with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and the escalating publication rate makes it close to impossible for individual researchers to get an overview of the field. Assuring the relevance and quality of the research conducted in any research field is a crucially important task. The rapidly increasing publication rates imply that review papers will play a progressively more central role to that end. The aim of the present paper is to critically assess whether reviews dealing with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are effective vehicles for a healthy dialogue about methodological weaknesses, uncertainties, research gaps and the future direction of the field. We carried out a tiered content-analysis of CEC review papers. Relevant papers were identified through searches in Web of Science (Clarivate), leading to the identification of 6391 original research papers of which 193 are review papers. We find that the majority of CEC reviews are written as if they are comprehensive, even though this clearly is not the case. A minority (~20%) take a critical-analytical approach to the reviewing task and identify weaknesses and research gaps. The following widespread tendencies in CEC research papers are commonly noted as concerning: to equate removal of CECs to 'decreased concentrations in the effluent'; to focus on parent substances and not concern oneself with degradation products; to focus on most commonly studied substances rather than those of most concern; to not deal with the corollary of our inability to detect or assess the risk for all substances, and to give insufficient attention to uncertainties and the unknown. Several critical-analytical reviews are among the highest cited, which suggests that they have the potential to function as effective vehicles for a healthy dialogue on these topics. On the other hand, it would appear that the concerns expressed in these reviews have a limited impact, as the same concerns are repeated over time. This might be due to a tendency among review authors to express their concerns implicitly, instead of clearly spelling them out. Our study suggests that CEC reviews presently fail to provide adequate and reliable guidance regarding the relevance and quality of research in the field. We argue that the overwhelming number of publications in combination with a lack of quality criteria for review papers are reasons to this failure: it is well documented that choices made during the reviewing process have a major impact on the outcome of a review. These choices include: search engine; the criteria used to include or exclude papers; the criteria used to assess the quality of the data generated in the research papers included; the criteria used for the choice of substances/ organisms/ technologies reported on. The lack of transparent procedures makes it very difficult, if not impossible, to assess the quality of the findings presented or to put those findings in context. In this light, it is noteworthy that criteria for a good review paper are rarely spelled out by peer-reviewed journals or included in instructions on scientific writing. The dramatic increase in publications is a challenge for the entire research community, particularly for research fields that are expected to provide policy-relevant data. We argue that only when peer-reviewed journals start specifying quality criteria for review papers, can such papers be relied upon to provide adequate and strategic guidance on the development of CEC research. We anticipate that our findings and conclusions are valid for many other research fields. • A minority of reviews of compounds of emerging concern (CECs) take a critical-analytical approach and identify weaknesses, research gaps or ways forward. • Serious concerns in CEC reviews: authors do not pay attention to substances of most concern, degradation products, or uncertainties. Equate removal with decreased concentration. • Critical analytical reviews have limited impact and the same concerns are repeatedly expressed over time. • The low quality of the majority of CEC reviews is worrisome and prevents reviews from effectively guiding future research. • Recommendation: Journals to spell out and act on quality criteria, else there is a risk that review papers perpetuate weaknesses in research rather than counteract them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for hydropower production, as a prominent sustainable development strategy, has created a boom in the number of planned hydropower projects, especially small ones. These projects are mainly located in post-socialist transition and developing countries. However, emerging evidence suggests that most of the projects remain on paper. One reason for this is prevalent corruption. In the literature, corruption has been identified in megaprojects but a significant number of hydropower projects are smaller in size. This leaves a literature gap and a subsequent lack of understanding regarding corruption and its potential connection to the absence of hydropower construction. We argue that it also creates a 'safe space' for corrupt actors who use the sector for personal gain. In this paper, we address this nexus of unfinished hydropower projects, sustainable development in transition countries, corruption, and lack of scholarly attention by presenting empirical evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina. We highlight that sustainability goals associated with hydropower might be distorted, especially in transition countries as they are intermingled with hydropower projects that are embedded in complex bureaucratic structures. We conclude that focusing on the sector might improve its management, thus contributing to sustainable development, and also help to decrease the corruption risk. • Small hydropower projects have an increased risk of corruption. • Overlooking small projects create a "safe space" for corrupt actors. • Administrative complicatedness is one key factor behind corruption in the hydropower sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • We investigate the convergent validity of altmetrics by using UK REF datasets. • Publications included are submitted as research output (PRO) to the REF and publications referenced in case studies (PCS). • The MHq' indicator is used for assessing impact – an indicator which has been introduced for count data with many zeros. • Altmetrics are negatively or close to zero correlated with REF reviewers' average scores on PCS. • We suggest that altmetrics may capture a different aspect of societal impact to that seen by reviewers. Abstract Altmetrics have been proposed as a way to assess the societal impact of research. Although altmetrics are already in use as impact or attention metrics in different contexts, it is still not clear whether they really capture or reflect societal impact. This study is based on altmetrics, citation counts, research output and case study data from the UK Research Excellence Framework (REF), and peers' REF assessments of research output and societal impact. We investigated the convergent validity of altmetrics by using two REF datasets: publications submitted as research output (PRO) to the REF and publications referenced in case studies (PCS). Case studies, which are intended to demonstrate societal impact, should cite the most relevant research papers. We used the MHq' indicator for assessing impact – an indicator which has been introduced for count data with many zeros. The results of the first part of the analysis show that news media as well as mentions on Facebook, in blogs, in Wikipedia, and in policy-related documents have higher MHq' values for PCS than for PRO. Thus, the altmetric indicators seem to have convergent validity for these data. In the second part of the analysis, altmetrics have been correlated with REF reviewers' average scores on PCS. The negative or close to zero correlations question the convergent validity of altmetrics in that context. We suggest that they may capture a different aspect of societal impact (which can be called unknown attention) to that seen by reviewers (who are interested in the causal link between research and action in society). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Evaluation of new HWP accounting method leads to significant GHG emission reduction for Canada. [•] Use of harvested wood for energy and of construction lead to largest GHG savings. [•] A cascade-use for wood and paper products is paramount for further GHG improvement. [•] The end-of-life effect of using recycled waste wood for energy is delayed due to longer carbon uptake. [•] Cradle-to-cradle utilization of wood waste has an underdeveloped reduction potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The journal received a request to retract a paper reporting the results of a triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. The present and immmediate past editors expand on the journal's decision not to retract this paper in spite of undisputable evidence of scientific misconduct on behalf of one of the investigators.Methods: The editors present an ethical reflection on the request to retract this randomized clinical trial with consideration of relevant guidelines from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) applied to the unique contextual issues of this case.Results: In this case, scientific misconduct by a blinded provider of a homeopathy intervention attempted to undermine the study blind. As part of the study, the integrity of the study blind was assessed. Neither participants nor homeopaths were able to identify whether the participant was assigned to homeopathic medicine or placebo. Central to the decision not to retract the paper was the fact that the rigorous scientific design provided evidence that the outcome of the study was not affected by the misconduct. The misconduct itself was thought to be insufficient reason to retract the paper.Conclusion: Retracting a paper of which the outcome is still valid was in itself considered unethical, as it takes away the opportunity to benefit from its results, rendering the whole study useless. In such cases, scientific misconduct is better handled through other professional channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper scrutinizes smart mobility project expecations' knowledge claims. • Smart knowledge claims present datafication as a producer of neutral knowledge. • Expectations based on datafication carry strong inherent legitimacy. • Expectations on societal benefits disappear from view when projects materialize. • Smart knowledge-claims risk excluding non-smart alternatives. This paper studies the performativity of smart mobility expectations in envisioning urban futures. Smart mobility, or ICT-enabled transport services, are increasingly considered a necessary ingredient for sustainability transitions in cities. Expectations of smart mobility's contribution to such a transition are constituted by a strong belief in the transformative potential of data collection and use. These knowledge claims embedded in smart mobility expectations tend to be unchallenged, yet contribute to a particular future vision of urban mobility. Our empirical analysis, which draws on two empirical smart cycling case studies in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and Bordeaux, France, underlines the politics of such smart knowledge claims in two smart cycling projects and identifies distinct processes as to how such claims may shape and structure mobility futures. We observe intimate entanglements between what is being developed in terms of technologies and services; and the societal needs that the projects' expectations promise to fulfil. At the same time, we witness a disentanglement of these interconnected knowledge claims when projects unfold, leaving the promise of (un)achieved societal benefits out of view. Indeed, smart knowledge claims carried strong inherent legitimacy in the cases studied, thereby risking to exclude non-smart alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of urbanisation and the decline of the countryside, reverse entrepreneurship cannot be separated from integration, referring to a process of mutual trust and cooperation between reverse (returnee or immigrant from urban areas) entrepreneur, host community and external stakeholders for sustainable livelihoods. With a geographic focus on poor areas of China, this paper aims to reveal key factors behind successful initiatives of reverse entrepreneurship to address challenges facing local communities, and pathways for mobilising and effectively using various resources, both internally and externally. These objectives are addressed through multiple cases of tourism development in Ganzi, a Tibetan Minority Prefecture of Sichuan. This paper contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial integration to debates on reverse entrepreneurship in three aspects. Firstly, entrepreneurial integration starts from social embeddedness, interconnecting and interacting between reverse entrepreneur(s) and the host community to understand local challenges and share a new vision for sustainable livelihoods. Secondly, entrepreneurial integration is essentially an innovation platform to develop or enhance social capital (both bonding and bridging) for mobilising and effective use of critical resources. Finally, the study outlines five pathways of tourism entrepreneurship, which reflects variations in livelihood strategy, critical capitals, business models, innovation diffusion and application potential. • Rural development calls for mutual trust and cooperation between reverse entrepreneurs, host communities, external stakeholders. • Successful entrepreneurial integration depends upon a platform building to develop social capital (both bonding and bridging). • Five pathways reflect variation in strategy, critical capitals, business models, innovation diffusion,application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While pre-service teachers' beliefs about different dimensions of English language teaching have been widely researched, little is known about their beliefs related to English for Specific Purposes (ESP). This article reports on three Vietnamese pre-service teachers' beliefs about ESP teaching, captured over a six-month period. Data from semi-structured interviews, stimulated recall interviews, observations, and reflective journals were collected at two critical points in the teacher education programme: the methodology course and the practicum. The findings add fresh insights into pre-service teachers' beliefs, particularly how these beliefs may change over time. The three case studies presented in this paper illustrate how participants developed their beliefs. The six belief changes identified are then discussed in terms of levels (from no to significant change) and the underlying motives. Implications are also discussed for teacher educators in designing or improving teacher education programmes and for researchers interested in pre-service teachers' belief change. • Beliefs of pre-service English for Specific Purposes teachers change in six ways. • Fluctuation, as a belief change, is a new contribution to the literature. • Belief change categories differ in their degree of stability or changeability. • Belief changes are impacted by the consistency of existing beliefs and new input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Paper-based case studies and virtual simulation games can both be used as presimulation preparation activities. • Offering a choice in presimulation activities may increase preparation by nursing students. • Senior nursing students found virtual simulation games to be more engaging than case studies. Presimulation preparation is critical to prepare learners to participate fully in clinical simulations; however, many do not complete assigned presimulation activities. Which presimulation preparation activities will senior nursing students choose and perceive as helpful? A quasi-experimental study evaluated senior nursing student (n = 115) pre-simulation preparation preferences. Students had access to eight activities including a case study and a virtual simulation game (VSG). Participants indicated which activities they completed, and rated the case study and VSG in terms of usability, engagement, and impact on learning. Overall, 57% of participants completed the paper-based case study and 37% played the VSG. Participation in any preparation resulted in significant improvements in competence (t = 2.3; p =.02). Learners rated VSG higher than case study in terms of usability (t = 2.6; p =.01), engagement (t = 2.8; p =.01) and impact on learning (t = 2.4; p =.02). Results revealed nursing students have different preferences for pre-simulation preparation. Although more students completed the case study than the VSG, those who played the game rated it higher. This supports providing a choice in presimulation preparation activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mobility and bioavailability of soil heavy metals strongly depend on their fractions. Secondary-phase fraction (SPF) of heavy metal, including acid-soluble, reducible and oxidizable fractions, is considered as direct and potential hazardous fraction to organisms. The ratio of SPF to the total concentration of heavy metal represents its bioavailability. In this study, 126 topsoil samples were collected in Kunshan, Jiangsu, China. Fraction concentrations of heavy metals, and their bioavailability and spatial distributions were determined, and relationships between their fractions and types of industry zones were analyzed. Results showed that Cd and Pb had the greatest SPFs among all metals (78.61% and 62.60%, respectively). Great SPFs of Cd and Pb were observed in the dyeing and paper-making industry zone, while great SPFs of Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni were in the smelting and plating industry zone. For most metals, fraction distributions were controlled by soil organic matter and clay contents. Spatial principal component analysis showed SPFs of heavy metals can be explained by two principle components (PCs). PC1 represented SPFs of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, while PC2 represented SPFs of Ni and Co. The spatial distributions of SPFs were influenced by geochemical character, industrial sewage irrigation and soil physico-chemical properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Positive energy districts and sustainable plus energy neighbourhoods are developed in the European context to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from the building sector. The planning and development of positive energy districts and sustainable plus energy neighbourhoods is complex and requires collaboration between stakeholders and new measures to achieve high energy efficiency, local renewable energy generation, energy storage and flexibility, and energy sufficiency. This paper examines the implementation of energy measures in the planning and design of four positive energy district and neighbourhood development projects in Norway and Sweden. The paper compares the two different institutional and energy system contexts and how these affect the development of positive energy districts, focusing on the perspectives of the municipality and developers. Existing academic literature and positive energy district guidelines are used to develop an analytical framework for the planning and design of positive energy districts and sustainable plus energy neighbourhoods. Results highlight an early focus on energy ambitions, wide stakeholder involvement, and the importance of aligning interests between stakeholders and working interdisciplinary in the planning and design phases to find optimal energy measures. Both the building and the neighbourhood/district level are important to increase energy efficiency, energy sufficiency, and energy flexibility, and consequently lower the environmental impact of the whole development project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupation-based intervention (OBI) in hand therapy has shown superior benefits in patient-reported performance and physical measures; however, only a few studies have used OBI. We developed a decision-aid to promote the use of an injured hand in the real world (Aid for Decision-making in Occupation Choice for hand; ADOC-H) To investigate the clinical utility of the ADOC-H (paper version) in patients with distal radius fractures. A prospective case series and a clinical survey for occupational therapists. This study comprised a prospective patient case series of 8 patients with distal radius fractures, treated using Volar locking plates, and a clinical survey of 4 experienced occupational therapists. No patient or therapist complaints or drop-outs were reported. Active range of motion (wrist), Grip strength, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores improved for all patients. The ADOC-H induced 158 activities using the injured hand, with activities of daily living (69.8%) selected earlier in the treatment period, and instrumental activities of daily living (63.3%) selected later. The feedback and case studies suggested that the ADOC-H was useful for patients who were afraid of using the hand and, interestingly, patients who were able to use their hand without pain or other problems. The clinical survey showed that most therapists found the ADOC-H effective in facilitating real-life use of an injured hand. The ADOC-H paper version is an useful tool that can be applied to facilitate patients with distal radius fractures to use their injured hands in real-life settings. • We tested the Aid for Decision-making in Occupation Choice–Hand (ADOC-H). • This case series showed that the ADOC-H is applicable to various real-life settings. • ADOC-H promotes distal radius fracture patients' daily use of the injured hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an academia-industry joint case study, which was conducted to quantify and compare multi-year changes in power production performance of multiple turbines scattered over a mid-size wind farm. This analysis is referred to as a space-time performance comparison. One key aspect in power performance analysis is to have the wind and environmental inputs controlled for. This research employs, in a sequential fashion, two principal modeling components to exercise tight control of multiple input conditions—a covariate matching method, followed by a Gaussian process model-based functional comparison. The analysis method is applied to a wind farm that houses 66 turbines on a moderately complex terrain. The power production and environmental data span nearly four years, during which period the turbines have gone through multiple technical upgrades. The space-time analysis presents a quantitative and global picture showing how turbines differ relative to each other as well as how each of them changes over time. • This paper presents a case study for quantifying the turbine performance change and comparing turbines in space and time. • The method entails two major modeling components to control for stochastic environmental changes. • The outcome presents a useful decision-support for wind farm owners and operators. • The study used more than 1 GB actual wind farm operation data from 66 turbines spanning nearly four years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a promising renewable energy source to convert the chemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen into electricity. To simulate, evaluate, manage, and optimize PEMFCs, an accurate mathematical model is essential. Therefore, this paper improves the accuracy of a mathematical model for the PEMFC based on semi-empirical equations by proposing a meta-heuristic technique to optimize its unidentified parameters. Because the I–V characteristic curve of the PEMFC systems has a nonlinear and multivariable nature, conventional optimization techniques are difficult and time-consuming but modern meta-heuristic algorithms are ideally suited. Therefore, in this paper, a new improved optimization algorithm based on the Heap-based optimizer (HBO) has been proposed to estimate the unknown parameters of PEMFCs models using an objective function that minimizes the error between the measured and estimated data. This improved HBO (IHBO) effectively uses two strategies: ranking-based position update (RPU) and Lévy-based exploitation improvement (LEI) to improve the final accuracy to the SSE value with higher convergence speed. Four well-known commercial PEMFCs, (the 500 W BCS stack, NetStack PS6, H-12 stack, and AVISTA SR-12 500 W modular) are utilized to verify the proposed IHBO and compare it with 11 popular optimizers using various performance metrics. The experimental findings show the superiority of IHBO in terms of convergence speed, stability, and final accuracy, where IHBO could fulfill fitness values of 0.01170, 2.14570, 0.11802, and 0.00014 for the 500 W BCS stack, NetStack PS6, H-12 stack, and AVISTA SR-12 500 W modular, respectively. • HBO is used for the first time to accurately identify PEMFC model parameters. • Four types of commercial PEMFC module are investigated in this work. • Intensive verifications with other challenging algorithms are implemented. • The accuracy, reliability, and convergence of the proposed algorithm are confirmed. • The superior performance of the proposed algorithm is verified in the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In pragmatics, the proverbs serve as one of the major tools of politeness and indirection. They effectively help the composer to politely comment on very delicate issues without incurring the displeasure of his audience. This paper examines the use of proverbs in Ghanaian folksongs. It highlights the pragmatic aspects, didactic and communicative functions of proverbs. The data for discussion is based on Akan proverbs extracted from four popular songs by the late Alex Konadu, a renowned highlife musician. The paper is discussed under the theoretical framework of linguistic politeness, which reflects the use of tactful and practical language to obviate crisis. We will subject the proverbs to sociolinguistic semantic, stylistic and pragmatic analyses. The paper argues that proverbs are indispensable in Akan oratory and politeness systems and form part of speakers' communicative competence. Konadu spices his songs with proverbs that enrich the lyrics. The paper demonstrates that generally music serves as a storage facility for the documentation of Akan proverbs. It finally comments on the absence of proverbs in current Ghanaian highlife lyrics and its replacement with vulgar language, and recommends ways for improving this precarious literary situation. • Proverbs in Ghanaian folksongs. • Renowned highlife musician. • Sociolinguistics, semantic, stylistics and pragmatic analyses. • Akan oratory and politeness systems. • Storage and documentation of Akan proverbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterfront accessibility is one of the major planning aspects of cities. However, tackling this issue from the Human Well-Being (HWB) perspective is relatively new. Alexandria is one of the leading Mediterranean cities that was planned, shaped, and configured as based on its direct linkage to the waterfront. Nowadays, city extensions make many of its newly developed zones detached from the waterfront. This paper investigates the correlations between waterfront accessibility and HWB in Alexandria. It uses an analytical approach -based on statistical investigations- to compare HWB in two zones based on their proximity to the waterfront. The results show that detailed configuration of street pattern and travel duration are the most influencing attributes on waterfront accessibility. Consequently, these attributes have a higher impact on residents' satisfaction or negative affect, and therefore their HWB than other attributes. The paper concludes with guidelines to policymakers, urban planners, and researchers' contributions to waterfront accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Performance-Based Design approach provides a goal-oriented process to support safe, innovative, and resilient structural fire designs. However, adoption of this approach requires both a rigorous framework and appropriate analysis tools to assess the expected performance of structures in fire. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the Performance-Based Design approach, including the process and its specific elements, applied to structures in fire. First, the value of the approach is illustrated through a review of case studies. Then, the process is described with identification of the role of the structural fire engineer. Recent research in methods to enable the evaluation of the structural fire performance, conducted within the author's group at Johns Hopkins University, is discussed. Issues addressed include the coupling between the fire and thermal-structural models, the characterization of the material behavior at elevated temperature, numerical modeling of structures subjected to fire, probabilistic risk assessment, and cost-benefit analyses. The paper concludes with a discussion of some challenges and perspectives for the future of performance-based structural fire design. • Performance-based structural fire design is applied in projects worldwide. • The process integrates efforts on fire, materials, and structure evaluation. • Tools have advanced for evaluating structural fire performance and reliability. • Challenges include technical limitations, complexity, awareness, and competency. • Opportunities to support safe design for sustainability, innovation, and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Discretion is affected by individual, relational and organisational factors. • In an experimental design, we study what affects discretion. • The use of interpreters is dependent on relation to the child. • Interpreter services are less likely to be used in acute situations. • The use of interpreter services is less dependent on the children's language skills. This paper focuses on child welfare workers' discretionary decision making. They can rely on routines, procedures and manuals as part of their work, but in the end, they still have to make a choice, based on the available information at the time. Discretionary decision making is a way of reasoning when facing uncertainty in professional work and when laws, rules and systematic knowledge must be applied in specific cases. A larger body of research on discretion and discretionary decision making in social work has developed, but there remains much ground to cover in terms of empirical analyses of how discretionary processes play out in real-life contexts. The two main research questions ask how the characteristics of each child and context and of social workers and their work situation affect the latter's decision to use interpreter services in their work with unaccompanied minors and children from minority backgrounds. The decision to use or not to use interpreter services in different situations, as an act of discretionary decision making by child welfare workers, is analysed in this paper. To study discretionary decision making among child welfare workers, a combination of a traditional survey and a vignette experiment has been used, bringing together organisational features, individual traits and situational characteristics. The findings indicate that interpreter services are less likely to be used in acute situations and more likely to be used with the children whom the child welfare staff members know better, irrespective of the children's language skills. The analyses also show varying effects of the staff's training and educational backgrounds, and surprisingly, the negative effects of institutional guidelines. One possible interpretation of this is that the guidelines are perceived as rigid constraints, instead of positive recommendations for actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a view to revitalizing the economy, the transformation of French SMEs and ETIs towards the Industry of the Future is being carried out with a great deal of public funding. However, this transformation is mainly driven by suppliers of new technologies. Our consulting and research experience has shown that the objectives, tools, and methods used to transform companies are poorly adapted to their real needs and do not create as much value as expected. From an academic research point of view, companies' transformations towards Industry 4.0 are studied from different angles, resulting in various diagnostics and maturity models. The contribution of this paper aims to present, through a comparative approach between academic literature and reported real cases of transformation, the links between Stakes, Initiatives, and Results for an Industry 4.0 transformation. In a first step, we analyze the state of the art of the academic literature on the challenges and results of the Industriy 4.0 transformation. We analyze 50 cases of transformation of French companies presented by the Alliance Industrie du Futur, in charge of promoting the deployment of Industry 4.0. This analysis will be based on the modeling of a tripartite directed graph. Finally, we compare the results of the analysis in order to detect gaps to fill between current industrial practice and the state of academic knowledge. Our conclusions allow us to highlight the avenues of research to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

– This paper sought to explore the value of case reports in diagnostic radiography with regards to current usage, relevance to evidence-based radiography, and educational benefits. Case reports are short accounts of novel pathologies, trauma or treatment with a critical review of relevant literature. Examples within diagnostic radiography include the appearances of COVID-19 alongside examination-level scenarios involving image artefacts, equipment failure and patient incidents in radiology. With greatest risk of bias and lowest generalisability, they are considered as low-quality evidence with generally poor citation rates. Despite this, there are examples of significant discoveries or developments initiated with case reports with important patient care implications. Furthermore, they offer educational development for both reader and author alike. Whereas the former learns about an unusual clinical scenario, the latter develops scholarly writing skills, reflective practice and may generate further, more complex, research. Radiography-specific case reports could capture the diverse imaging skills and technological expertise currently under-represented in traditional case reports. Potential avenues for cases are broad and may include any imaging modality where patient care or safety of other persons may illicit a teaching point. This encapsulates all stages of the imaging process, before, during and after patient interaction. Despite being low-quality evidence, case reports contribute to evidence-based radiography, add to the knowledge base, and foster a research culture. However, this is contingent upon rigorous peer-review and adherence to ethical treatment of patient data. With the drive to increase research engagement and output at all levels in radiography (student to consultant), case reports may act as a realistic grass–root activity for a burdened workforce with limited time and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of enterprise platforms in the context of pervasive enterprise-wide processes of digital transformation. The paper empirically illustrates and theorizes on how digital transformation processes are challenged by inertia rooted in existing historical layers of technical and social arrangements. Empirically, we report from a longitudinal case study of a global oil and gas company following their various attempts at digitally transforming their document management practices and platforms. After prolonged efforts to facilitate transformation with an enterprise platform they eventually succeed with digital transformation after nearly six years. In making sense of this, we build on path theory and assemblage theory and theorize digital transformation as a path dependent process, where new paths can be created through stabilizing new assemblages and de-destabilizing others. The paper contributes by theorizing the role of inertia in digital transformation processes and the role of enterprise platforms. We conclude by giving insights on how practitioners can manage path dependency in digital transformation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a mobile application developed in conjunction with the City Hall from Viana do Castelo, a city in the north of Portugal. This application targets people with permanent or temporary reduced mobility and intends to show them information about taxi points, parking spaces and reference points in the city with the possibility to navigate to them using an optimized algorithm, based on routes defined for each segment (deaf people, visually impaired people, etc.). The Dijkstra's algorithm was used to implement the shortestPath given an origin, destination and segment. In this paper we present implementation details as well as final layouts of the prototype. At the current moment, the application is ended and will soon enter in usability tests with the users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Machine-learning techniques in assessing the health condition of heritage buildings. • Information about future trends and possible application areas of machine learning. • The paper presents the existing challenges that apply in SHM of heritage buildings. • Insights about future research directions and challenges in the application of ML. • This research provides a significant basis for future work in SHM of monuments. This paper performed a systematic review of the various machine learning (ML) techniques applied to assess the health condition of heritage buildings. More robust predictive models can be obtained through the effective utilisation of test data gathered from the laboratory or field combined with ML. These models can be used for several predictive applications such as predicting the compressive strength of masonry or repair mortars, possible damage scenarios in heritage buildings, seismic vulnerability assessment, determination of the mechanical properties of materials, and superficial damages on the surface of the monument due to weathering effects, material loss, efflorescence, seepage, algae growth, and moss deposition. The case studies of several interesting and diverse applications of ML, such as its use in strengthening applications, are also discussed. Indirect factors that must be determined to quantify the extent of damage such as moisture content, cracks, and amount of deposited dust in heritage buildings, are also discussed. Furthermore, future research directions and challenges in applying the ML techniques in the case of heritage buildings are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any serious challenge to car-dependency requires a better understanding of barriers to the uptake of alternative transport modes, including public transport. Such barriers will be complex and contextual. They may be major, such as the absence of a time competitive public transport option, or a collection of minor, seemingly peripheral inconsistencies between the needs of the user and the operation of the system. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of one such barrier – the restriction of pets on public transport. Typically, cities in Europe, and many in North America and the UK, permit dogs to ride public transport with their carers. Australian cities, in contrast, are more restrictive, deeming the popular practice of dog ownership in Australian cities a relatively car-dependent affair. Drawing from a survey of 1091 Sydney residents, we examine reactions to a hypothetical change in the city's pets on public transport policy to allow dogs to ride with their carers. Specifically, we examine the level of support for the policy change, explore who supports and who would be against the change, and unpick the potential impact of a policy change on user behaviour. We find a low level of opposition to policy change (23%), with only a small portion of respondents indicating that a policy to allow pets on public transport would discourage their use of public transport (21%). The key determinants of policy support relate to attitudes to dogs rather than transport related characteristics, highlighting the need for transport policy makers to look beyond transport issues when considering policy change. The paper concludes with reflections on the importance of investigating the smaller ways public transport policy might be able to encourage transition away from private car use. • Prohibitions on public transport can prevent the provision of an equitable and useful network. • Pets are prohibited on public transport in some cities, deeming pet ownership a car dependent practice. • Removal of this prohibition requires understanding peoples' attitudes to dogs, as well as transport. • A revised pets on public transport policy should be tailored to the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since Firth's (1990, 1996) seminal conversation analytic (CA) work on English as a lingua franca (ELF) interactions, the substantial amount of pragmatic ELF research has explored how interactants achieve intersubjectivity and social action in translingual ELF settings from a participant-relevant emic perspective (e.g., Jenks, 2012; Kaur, 2009). However, non-verbal resources are mostly disregarded in the majority of ELF research with a few exceptions. Meanwhile, mainstream CA research predominantly investigates first language interactions, and thus ELF research is still marginalized in the CA literature (Pietikäinen, 2018b). The primary aim of this paper, therefore, is to discuss the benefit of multimodal CA to analyzing ELF interactions, while the secondary one, that of analyzing ELF data to CA scholars. To these ends, the paper adopted a single case analysis (Sacks, 1992) combined with multimodal CA (Mondada, 2018), and analyzed two types of overlap sequences in casual ELF conversations of international students in British universities. The analysis of multimodal resources revealed interactional sensitivity and deftness of the interactants in the translingual ELF settings. The findings refine the understanding of lingua franca language scenarios and show the powerfulness of multimodal resources also in translingual ELF settings. Finally, a suggestion for future research will be given. • A single case analysis combined with multimodal CA is adopted for the analysis. • Two types of overlap sequences in casual ELF conversations are analyzed. • Interactional sensitivity is achieved in the floor-taking overlap sequence. • Interactional deftness is achieved in the floor-attempting overlap sequence. • Multimodal analysis refines the understanding of lingua franca scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the recent population development of Moravian rural micro-regions. It divides all 72 micro-regions into four categories according to the relation of natural demographic balance and net migration in the period of 2012–2016. It showed that all size categories of the Moravian rural municipalities till 5000 inhabitants are gaining population by migration whereas small towns lose inhabitants. No relation between the demographic type of the countryside and unemployment was observed. It shows, that the Moravian rural areas are not depopulating in general, its demographic development does not depend on the unemployment. However, the Moravian countryside is differentiated. There are some extremely peripheral parts of Moravia often lacking any real urban centre, where the depopulation is the problem. Depopulating micro-regions can be found in the northern, south-western and eastern periphery of Moravia. Such territories should be solved individually according to the local conditions. • The paper investigates the recent population development of 72 rural micro-regions. • Only the most peripheral micro-regions without any town centre are threatened. • Rural unemployment is in no case higher than the indicator in the related town centre. • The Moravian countryside is not depopulating, neither ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper outlines a conceptual framework that describes the shaping of sustainable markets. • The framework comprises three market-shaping processes: enabling exchange practices, proving the system and constructing the narrative. • The framework is illustrated with a case analysis of market-shaping processes for biogas in Sweden. • The case analysis shows how public and private actors have engaged in a multitude of activities in the market-shaping processes. • The recursive nature of sustainable market-shaping is highlighted. By merging findings from transition studies with recent literature on market-shaping, this paper outlines a conceptual framework that describes the shaping of sustainable markets. The framework comprises three critical processes: enabling exchange practices, proving the system and constructing the narrative. Individually, these processes generate different kinds of value – traded, demonstrated and expected value – and the value output from each process serves as input to the other two processes. Hence the value streams link the processes together. We illustrate the framework by analyzing market-shaping processes for biogas in Sweden. The case analysis shows how public and private actors have engaged in a multitude of activities that have built up the market-shaping processes. The analysis highlights the recursive nature of sustainable market-shaping, showing how key actors must repeatedly respond to tensions resulting from growth and aspirations of growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Collaborative platforms leave a "paper trail" of documents to be analyzed. • Topic modeling can trace patterns of deliberation in collaborative governance. • A common collaborative platform design can beget widely different processes. • Consultants play a key role in shaping collaborative governance processes and outputs Environmental governance challenges often span geographic and sectoral boundaries, requiring collaboration between diverse stakeholders and multilateral decision making. To facilitate such efforts, policymakers and public managers create and support platforms that provide a structured framework for promoting collaborative governance. As the collaborative platform model is often centrally initiated – e.g., when state or national actors create a system of local collaborative resource management platforms – cross-case comparison is particularly important for understanding how a common design leads to variance in procedures and outputs in local contexts. Many collaborative platforms leave a "paper trail" of documents such as meeting records and plans. This analysis compares 10 identically designed and simultaneously initiated regional water planning platforms in the State of Georgia. Drawing on 106 meeting reports, we apply topic modeling to these meeting documents to generate replicable and scalable measures of how participant actions and interest representation unfold over time. Specifically, we measure topical focus on water planning issues over time, and compare these process-phase measures between councils and against the content of the resulting plan developed by each planning council. While existing literature has focused on how institutional design features such as representation and decision-rules shape procedural outcomes and outputs, we observe considerable variation in procedural behavior and plan outputs despite the fact that all 10 platforms share a common design. The consulting firm selected to direct each local platform is shown to be associated with both the topical focus of each regions' planning discussion and the BMPs selected in regional plans. This comports with recent evidence pointing to the important – and largely overlooked – role that technical consultants play in environmental governance and regulatory processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The selection of the structure of a controller in large scale industry processes usually requires extensive process knowledge. The aim of this paper is to report new results on recently suggested methods for the analysis of complex processes. These methods aid the designers in comprehending a process by representing structural and functional relationships from actuators and process disturbances to measured or estimated variables. The methods are formulated in a flexible framework based on graph theory, which can also be used for closed-loop analysis. Additionally, the sensitivity of the methods to scaling and time delays are discussed and resolved. It is also proposed how filtering can be used to restrict the analysis to a frequency region of interest. The feasibility of the methods is shown by the use of three case studies. A quadruple tank process is used to exemplify the methods and their use. Then the methods are applied on a real-life process, the stock preparation plant of a pulp and paper mill. The third study case analyzes a previously published example in closed loop. It is shown that the methods can be used to take efficient decisions on decentralized and sparse control structures, as well as assessing the channel interactions in a closed-loop system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Differential has been extensively applied in solving many engineering matters. The development of tourism destination with multiple scenic spots is a long-term systematic project and the existing decision-making methods are actually not suitable for this process. Thus it is necessary to introduce new decision-making method to analyse the investment process of tourism destination project. Specifically, considering the irreversibility and extendibility of destination development, the present paper constructed a differential dynamic decision-making model for the long-term investment project based on the classical model of real option; B-S model, and analysed the key parameters affecting the modified model; the present price of the project (ω) and the volatility (δ). An example analysis and a case from Yinziyan scenic area were further analysed to test the operability of the proposed model. The proposed model contributes to dealing with uncertainties and enhancing the decision quality of investors in the investment of scenic spots. And the application of differential in tourism destination development contributes to the accuracy of decision-making. Therefore, this paper has both theoretical and practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous work by the authors has addressed the issue of local bus policy implementation in Britain outside London by studies of local transport documents, survey and interviews of local transport officers working in local authorities. The findings from these studies highlight that some of the key elements to successful implementation could be understood in more depth by taking a case study approach. This paper analyses four case studies of the implementation of specific bus policy measures in four different cities in Great Britain: the Quality Contract Scheme (QCS) in Tyne and Wear, the Fastlink Scheme in Glasgow, a Bus Priority Scheme in Solihull and a Smart Ticketing Scheme in Dundee. The findings in this paper show that policy champions, collaboration and interaction help to build a relationship between the parties involved, ensure limited changes due to bureaucratic power and changes to the policy, and help to overcome opposition, conflict and ambiguities. It is important that those involved in the policy process are provided with relevant training, supervision and support to help overcome the staffing difficulties and to deal with barriers external to the implementing organisation such as economic, social and political conditions. • Greatest influences on implementation are identified. • Greatest challenges faced by local authorities are identified. • Those involved in policy process require relevant training, supervision and support. • Authorities must be certain from the planning stage that resources are available. • Clear strategies and tactics improve policy development and collaboration, stakeholder engagement and decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dempster Shafer Theory (DST) based FMECA conducted in the LNG storage facility. • DST enables experts to express crisp and interval-valued decisions on risk factors. • The results of DST-FMECA and FFMECA are compared to validate each other. • Both the methods are suitable in risk assessment especially in complex environments. • DST aptly propagates the ambiguity of input data until the final result is achieved. Failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) is widely used, by developing a Risk Priority Number (RPN), to identify the failure modes and to prioritize them. But this has been extensively criticized due to several drawbacks in the literature. This issue can be solved partly by using Fuzzy FMECA (FFMECA) although Fuzzy logic itself has been criticized of having a direct bearing on subjectivity. This paper makes use of Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) of evidence-a proper mathematical framework to deal with the epistemic uncertainty often affecting the input evaluations of risk parameters. DST based FMECA is capable of providing an appropriate, precise and fault-free, failure mode prioritization. Belief and Plausibility distributions are used to synthesize the obtainable information and to make them useful for the purpose. The results obtained from DST-FMECA is compared to the results drawn from the FFMECA applications (already conducted in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage facility) to validate FFMECA and vice versa. The comparative results presented in this paper establish the capabilities of both the approaches, especially in a complex system like the LNG storage and similar facilities where even a minor failure may lead to catastrophic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of entrepreneurship literature indicates a gap in women representation in business pedagogy. Studies emphasise the importance of business schools and effective curriculum in influencing potential entrepreneurs in venture creation. To identify the gap of women representation and to evaluate the effectiveness of curriculum materials, the paper examines the role of pedagogical materials used in entrepreneurship programmes to develop more women entrepreneurs. The lack of an integrative framework for understanding the nature and implications of women representation related to issues of power and dominance, 'white male privileges' in decision-making, and representation of marginalised groups are hardly studied. The study used a framework of postmodernism to help inform and interpret past research and frame the research problem and discussion. The paper compared and critically examined the assumptions made in case studies of a widely used entrepreneurship textbook and used deconstruction to understand women's representation and portrayal in case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation platforms (IPs) that support agricultural innovation to enable transition processes towards more sustainable agriculture provide a space where conflicts of interest among actors in the existing agricultural system (the so called incumbent regime) may play out. Sometimes these conflicts over how actors will benefit from an action are not revealed until actors are brought together. However, a barrier to change occurs when IP actors use their existing power to mobilise resources to influence if and how individual and collective interests are aligned. In the context of agricultural innovation and transitions, this paper uses the power in transitions framework (Avelino and Wittmayer, 2016), along with analytical perspectives on conflicts and role perceptions, to understand how consciously staging or revealing conflicts of interest among IP actors changed role perceptions and power relations among these actors. The paper explores this topic in two IPs addressing agricultural production and sustainability challenges in New Zealand's agricultural sector. Conflicts were staged in IPs when one group of actors mobilised resources that enabled them to move existing power relations from one-sided, to synergistic or a mutual dependency. This enabled conflicts to be acknowledged and solved. In contrast, conflicts were not staged when actors mobilised resources to maintain antagonostic power relations. Our cases demontrate that staging conflicts to change actors' role perceptions is an important intermediary step to forming new power relations in the agricultural system. Our findings highlight the need for IP theory to conceptualise power relations in IPs as context specific, dynamic and a force shaping outcomes, rather than solely a force exerted by actors in the incumbent regime over IP actors. • We unpack complexity of power relations in two collaborative innovation projects in agriculture. • We construct a framework to understand power relations explicitly in agricultural transition. • Conflicts serve as a means to understand relations between actors and the wider institutional system. • Changes in actors' role perceptions require special attention to unpack power relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Framework for complex coordination challenges in water governance and management. • Diagnostic approach supports context-sensitive assessment. • Structured case study comparison enhances strength of diagnosis. Despite numerous efforts to promote and implement more integrated approaches, coordination problems persist and impede sustainable water governance and management. This paper introduces a framework for guiding a transdisciplinary diagnostic approach (i.e. a context-sensitive assessment of multi-level water governance, which is combined with a change management process) to address such coordination problems. The approach aims at addressing some of the challenges identified in scientific scholarship and water governance practice by combining context-specific participatory assessments of individual cases with comparative case analysis guided by a generic conceptual framework. The focus is on implementation processes at regional and local scale and their embedding in a multi-level water governance system and a specific environmental and societal context. A coherent approach and formalized representation across individual cases is essential to develop cumulative knowledge and to improve the diagnostic strength of the approach. Based on a broad literature review and exploratory study of multiple, diverse cases conceptual framework identifies a variety of factors that are expected to be important for understanding the performance of environmental governance and management systems. The paper makes explicit the hypotheses on relationships between core variables that resulted from framework development. The framework, including the collection of hypotheses, offers a structured approach for analysing a phenomenon as complex and multi-facetted as coordination. It allows identification of multiple pathways that may lead an improvement or a decline in performance, respectively. The framework can find more widespread application in supporting comparative case study analyses with a focus on improving the understanding of policy implementation also beyond the field of water governance and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VoIP emergency communications is a promising approach to improving the safety of citizens worldwide. The transition required in this scope includes substituting the legacy PSTN/SS7 based emergency call system by Next Generation IP based components for call establishment and control. Thereby, SIP is used as a session control protocol and RTP as the means to transfer emergency data between the caller and the corresponding Public Safety Access Point (PSAP). The emergency data is not only restricted to voice communication but can cover a rich variety of data, which can be acquired by different means (including the end user devices) and transmitted over IP. This includes video, geo-positioning data, voice, Real Time Text, and sensor data in line with emerging IoT architectures and approaches. A vital aspect in this scope is given by the performance of the underlying network, including its capability to establish calls in emergency situations and to transfer the data required for serving the situation. Therefore, in this paper we evaluate the computational performance of the most recent VoIP emergency system implementation, which was developed by the H2020-EMYNOS project as a realization of the EENA NG112 Long Term Definition (LTD) vision. We perform a series of trials and evaluate the performance of the EMYNOS system in a multi-party lab environment established during the project. We evaluate the time needed to perform basic emergency call operations over IP, whilst in parallel generating Internet type of background traffic. Correspondingly, we worked out a methodology and implemented it in our testbed, which are both presented in the current paper. The obtained numerical results lead to the conclusion that SIP based emergency services stand a good chance to replace legacy systems when it comes to their performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In post-conflict settings the youth take over land governing authority from elders. • Youth are disposed to seize opportunities created by war like land commoditization. • State plays a role in restructuring authority over land to the advantage of youth. • Violence is the most accessible strategy for acquiring land authority by youth. • Youth are not vulnerable but a cohort with potential in post-conflict settings. This paper demonstrates how war may significantly enhance the authority of male youth to make claims on land, at the expense of the elders and customary authority. Conventional analyses of rural youth in Africa often describes their migration to cities in search of education and employment as due to land shortage which leaves elders and customary institutions firmly in charge. This paper, in contrast, suggests that in post-conflict environments an entirely different dynamic may take place, as the majority of youth remain in rural communities and become the new power holders over, or managers of, land. This argument builds on findings from ethnographic research conducted between 2011 and 2013 in Acholi sub-region in Northern Uganda. The analysis highlights different war-related processes through which youth claim and establish authority in land governance. First, after war, youth fill the vacuum in land governance left by the death of elders during the violence. Moreover, war favours youth in the ongoing struggle for authority; in particular when staying in IDP camps and participation in the war has eroded the conventional legitimacy of the elders. Third, youth are better disposed to seize opportunities created by war, notably the commodification of land. An important dynamic is also that war legitimizes violence as a way of claim making on land; a strategy which is mainly employed by youth. The paper concludes by asserting that this new (claims to) authority of youth in land governance may have irreversible effects on customary tenure, as ownership of rural land is becoming increasingly individualized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Analyzes an attempt to establish a national Intermediary MaaS Integrator in Sweden. • Identifies defining dimensions for Intermediary MaaS Integrators. • Details operative actors' hopes and fears vis-à-vis Intermediary MaaS Integrators. • Elicits practical implications for how to introduce Intermediary MaaS Integrators. • Suggests avenues for research on MaaS and the societal effects of MaaS' diffusion. At present, many policymakers and practitioners are searching for actions that could facilitate Mobility as a Service (MaaS) developments. A potential action, which has received a lot of attention, is to introduce Intermediary MaaS Integrators; that is intermediate actors that assemble the offerings from Transport Service Providers (TSPs) and distribute these to MaaS Operators. However, little is known about if and how TSPs and MaaS Operators would appreciate the introduction of Intermediary MaaS Integrators. To address this knowledge gap, this paper explores an attempt to establish a national Intermediary MaaS Integrator in Sweden. The contribution to transportation research is twofold. Firstly, the paper advances the conceptual understanding of Intermediary MaaS Integrators by identifying four defining dimensions: Activities, Management, Processes and Context. Secondly, it deepens the knowledge of Intermediary MaaS Integrators' value propositions by detailing TSPs' and prospective MaaS Operators' hopes and fears vis-à-vis them. Lastly, practical implications for how to facilitate acceptance and adoption are proposed. Intermediary MaaS Integrators should only be introduced if basic incentives for using their services are in place, and if introduced, they should preferably: go beyond offering technical services; have clear, declared objectives; be impartial and capable actors; and carefully consider their launch strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is the thermo-ecological cost analysis of cogeneration and polygeneration energy systems. Within the paper biomass-fired CHP plants and their integration with thermal conversion of biomass units are investigated. In order to estimate the environmental effects of integration, the allocation of the thermo-ecological cost between different products is required. Some of the allocation methods have their origins in economic cost allocation, others in energy, emission or exergy analysis. Within this paper four different methods are investigated: avoided production in national energy system, avoided production in single-product processes, and physical and exergetic allocation. When applied to cogeneration technology, the avoided production in national energy system can give misleading results, mainly due to the nature of the thermo-ecological cost. In polygeneration energy systems, the avoided production in separate processes method can also lead to wrong conclusions due to the assumptions concerning reference efficiencies. At the end, the exergetic allocation method is proposed as a suitable way to allocate the thermo-ecological cost in cogeneration and polygeneration energy systems. Additionally, positive environmental effects of integration can be observed. • Thermo-ecological cost analysis of cogeneration and polygeneration energy system is presented. • Four thermo-ecological cost allocation methods are considered. • Examples of thermal conversion of biomass are included in the paper. • Exergetic allocation method for the thermo-ecological cost was determined as the most suitable one. • Process integration within the analysed thermal conversion of biomass case studies shows positive environmental effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate what is unique about videogame spaces and their construction, and how they might be utilised by architects. This design-led study establishes videogames as an architectural medium through practice-based research projects, examining game worlds as architectural spaces by developing design methods to analyze their environments. It then discusses developing games as architectural representations combining virtual space with computational rules. The paper's final study suggests how game structures might be applied in design approaches for ostensibly real sites. Through four case study projects, I outline a new form of architectural design practice operating between physical and virtual, reflecting the cultural influence of game worlds and exploring videogame environments as new ways to 'realise' architecture. • In videogame worlds player interactivity is integral to their architectural design. • Architecture designed within game spaces can impart meaning through interaction. • Videogame worlds can be sited within the history of architectural representation. • Analyzing videogames through architectural design methods expands existing games studies scholarship. • New forms of architectural practice will operate across the virtual and physical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]