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• Two models were used to predict the potential distribution of Ae. albopictus in China. • The future bioclimatic variables were under the SSP1–2.6. • The range of Ae. albopictus in China is predicted to expand westwards. Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the 100 most invasive species in the world and represents a significant threat to public health. The distribution of Ae. albopictus has been expanding rapidly due to increased international trade, population movement, global warming and accelerated urbanization. Consequently, it is very important to know the potential distribution area of Ae. albopictus in advance for early warning and control of its spread and invasion. We randomly selected 282 distribution sites from 27 provincial-level administrative regions in China, and used the GARP and MaxEnt models to analyze and predict the current and future distribution areas of Ae. albopictus in China. The results showed that the current range of Ae. albopictus in China covers most provinces such as Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces, and the distribution of Ae. albopictus in border provinces such as Tibet, Gansu and Jilin Provinces tend to expand westwards. In addition, the potential distribution area of Ae. albopictus in China will continue to expand westwards due to future climate change under the SSP126 climate scenario. Furthermore, the results of environmental factor filtering showed that temperature and precipitation had a large effect on the distribution probability of Ae. albopictus. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrical potential in a battery jumps at each electrode-electrolyte interface. We present a model for computing three-dimensional current and potential distributions, which accounts for such internal voltage jumps. Within the framework of the finite volume method we discretize the Laplace and gradient operators such that they account for internal jump boundary conditions. After implementing a simple battery model in OpenFOAM we validate it using an analytical test case, and show its capabilities by simulating the current distribution and discharge curve of a Li‖Bi liquid metal battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species distribution models (SDMs) are excellent tools to understand the factors that affect the potential distribution of several organisms at different scale. In this study, we analyzed the current potential distribution of the Blanford's Jerboa Jaculus blanfordi and the Arabian Jerboa Jaculus loftusi (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Iran and predicted the impact of climate change on their future potential distributions using two different modelling software packages: Maxent and sdm. Our results showed that precipitation was the most important variable affecting the potential distributions of J. blanfordi and J. loftusi in Iran. We also showed that the potential distributions of the two jerboas species are unlikely to be affected by climate change. All our models showed high levels of predictive performances. Thus, SDMs are a promising tool to complement data from laboratory and field studies to illuminate the biology and ecology of jerboa and inform management decisions. • Precipitation is the most important variable affecting the potential distributions of J. blanfordi and J. loftusi in Iran; • The potential distributions of J. blanfordi and J. loftusi are unlikely to be affected by climate change; • SDMs are a promising tool to complement data from laboratory/field studies to illuminate the biology and ecology of jerboas [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract An open source compact and general tool, implemented in OpenFOAM including a novel solver with a new boundary condition and post-processing utilities, is derived to enable calculations of local current and potential distributions in electrochemical systems with activated or resistive electrodes and also leakage currents in the case of a bipolar connection. The algorithm allows the calculations for a given local potential in any electrode, for a fixed cell potential difference and also for a current flowing through the cell under galvanostatic control. In order to validate the algorithm, a detailed comparison between the suggested strategy with experimental results and some simplified theoretical models is made. It was concluded that the proposed mathematical treatment is reliable for the modelling of these electrochemical systems due to the good agreement between theoretical and experimental values with a mean relative percent error of 8.8 ± 2.1% for the current distribution for the whole set of experiments. Highlights • An open source algorithm was validated with theoretical and experimental results. • A multiregion approach avoids current conservation at electrodes as constrain. • The increase in current produces a less uniform current distribution. • Feeding by the middle point decrease the leakage current. • Resistive electrodes affect negatively the reactor performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical corrosion of 907A low alloy steel under epoxy coating exposed to natural seawater was investigated by the wire beam electrode (WBE) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, and the correlations of the current distribution and the EIS characteristics for local defect areas of the coating were discussed. It was found that there were close corresponding relationships among the potential distribution, the current distribution and the EIS characteristics in the whole or local areas of the WBE. Each electrode of the WBE had a distinctive electrochemical corrosion characteristic during the coating degradation process. The EIS characteristics of the WBE were dominated by the substrate corrosion process of the most serious coating defect. Polarity reversals of the single electrodes under epoxy coating can be found, but the causes of the phenomena were different from each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and human activities have caused the degeneration of the natural habitats of medicinal plants. Mentha pulegium L. is one of the most common medicinal plants in Tunisia that features high economic and ecological values. Predicting species' suitable habitats, through modeling, has evolved as a useful tool for the assessment of resource conservation to protect medicinal plants. Herein, we used MaxEnt model to predict current and future distributions of M. pulegium under two representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) for the years 2050 and 2070. MaxEnt modeling was in the "Excellent" category since all the AUCs were above 0.9. Results showed that high and moderate suitable habitats for the current distribution of M. pulegium encompassed ca. 9929 km2 and 16,423 km2, respectively. These areas are mainly located in North Tunisia. Precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio19) was identified as the most critical factor shaping M. pulegium distribution. Compared to the current distribution, the highly and moderately suitable areas for M. pulegium under the two RCPs (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) would decrease in the 2050s and 2070s. The model projected a shift of the suitable area from Northeastward to Center-eastward. These results may provide a useful tool for developing adaptive management strategies to enhance M. pulegium protection and sustainable utilization in the context of global climate change. • Maxent modeling was used to predict current and future distributions of Mentha pulegium L. in Tunisia. • Precipitation of the coldest quarter was the most critical factor shaping M. pulegium distribution. • The most suitable areas for M. pulegium are mainly located in North Tunisia. • The predicted suitable area will decrease in the 2050s and 2070s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A parallel plate cell facilitating controlled flow in a rectangular channel and capable of incorporating a wide range of electrode materials is important in studies of electrode reactions prior to process development and scale-up. The FM01-LC, a versatile laboratory-scale, plane parallel filter-press type electrochemical cell (having a projected electrode area of 64 cm 2 ) which is based on the larger FM21-SP electrolyser (2100 cm 2 area). Many laboratories have used this type of reactor to quantify the importance of reaction environment in fundamental studies and to prepare for industrial applications. A number of papers have concerned the experimental characterization and computational modelling of its reaction environment but the experimental and computational data has become dispersed. The cell has been used in a diverse range of synthesis and processing applications which require controlled flow and known reaction environment. In a previous review, the cell construction and reaction environment was summarised followed by the illustration of its use for a range of applications that include organic and inorganic electrosynthesis, metal ion removal, energy storage, environmental remediation (e.g., metal recycling or anodic destruction of organics) and drinking water treatment. This complementary review considers the characteristics of the FM01-LC electrolyser as an example of a well-engineered flow cell facilitating cell scale-up and provides a rigorous analysis of its reaction environment. Particular aspects include the influence of electrolyte velocity on mass transport rates, flow dispersion and current distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this work, the importance of potential and current distribution analysis is highlighted as a key factor in the design of energy efficient electrocoagulation (EC) reactors. Although there are three types of distribution of current and potential (primary, secondary and tertiary), only primary potential and current density distributions were analyzed as a first approach. This approach simplifies the analysis by considering only cell geometry. This study included modeling of potential and current distribution and its impact on EC performance. The analysis showed the effect of cell geometry and electrode configuration on the distribution of potential in the cell, the current distribution on the anodes and the modification of a non-uniform distribution by changes to electrode configuration. The experimental evaluation of different electrode configurations showed that EC performance is enhanced when uniform potential and current density is achieved, and kinetics of anode (in this case aluminum) dissolution can be improved without having to change the applied current density. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Design profiled anodes to improve the uniformity of current distribution in the molecular-plating of actinide compounds. • A finite element model was utilized to optimize the setup of the anodes and the cell for high-quality plating layer. • Based on the simulations, the inhomogeneity of the molecular-plating actinide layer was decreased to 2.08% experimentally. A homogeneous thin film of actinide oxides on a metal substrate is very important for nuclear analysis. Compared with physical deposition methods, molecular plating attracts considerable attention because of its wide applicability, high utilization rate, and low consumption of actinide compounds. Distinct from conventional electroplating, molecular plating is generally performed in an organic solvent without additional supporting electrolyte except for dissolved actinide compounds. The potential distribution and the mass transfer processes are crucial for achieving high purity and uniform thickness. Because actinides are rare resources, it is essential to set up a theoretical model to ensure the controllable fabrication of actinide targets. For these, we design a profiled rotating electrode made using platinum-covered titanium wire (Pt-Ti) as the anode, and we simulate the potential and current distribution between the profiled Pt-Ti anode and the aluminum cathode by finite element analysis, considering factors such as the electrode shape, the rotation rate, the anode-cathode distance, etc. The theoretical model is accurate, and the wafer-scale actinide targets are fabricated with high quality and high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]