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Abstract: A 37-year-old woman developed red painful eyes, diarrhea, and painful oral and genital ulcerations. Optic disk swelling was noted bilaterally. Colonoscopy was significant for granulomatous lesions consistent with Crohn disease. Epidemiologic factors, diagnostic criteria, and differentiating characteristics for Behcet disease and Crohn disease are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction between methyl coumalate and electron-rich dienophiles produces substituted benzoates. A high-yielding, single-pot procedure transforms readily accessible vinyl ether, ketal, or orthoester dienophiles into functionalized aromatic systems in a versatile route. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Th17, Th22, and Th1 cells are detected in psoriatic skin lesions and implicated in psoriasis pathogenesis, but inflammatory T cell numbers in blood, as well as the relative importance of each cell type, is unclear. Using 7-color flow cytometry, circulating Th17, Th22, and Th1 cells were quantified in 21 untreated psoriatics and 17 healthy individuals. CCR6 was the best cell surface marker for IL-17A+ cells when compared with IL-23R or CD161. CCR6+, IL-17A+, IL-22+, CCR6+IL-17A+, CCR6+IL-22+, CCR6+tumor necrosis factor-α+, IL-17A+IFN-γ−, IL-17A+IL-22+IFN-γ−, and IL-17A+IL-22−IFN-γ− cells were increased in psoriatics (all values P<0.001), indicating elevations in circulating Th17 cells, using multiple criteria to define these cells. Th22 (IL-17A−IL-22+IFN-γ−, P<0.05) and Th1 (IL-17A−IFN-γ+, P<0.05) cells were also increased in psoriatics, but to a lesser extent. Inhibition of either NF-κB or STAT3 in vitro blocked cytokine production by both Th17 and Th1 cells. Circulating levels of Th17 and Th1 cells decreased in a subset of five psoriasis patients serially evaluated following induction therapy with infliximab. In summary, elevated numbers of circulating inflammatory T cells may contribute to cutaneous inflammation and systemic inflammatory disease that occurs in individuals with psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March 2019, SmartTots, a public-private partnership between the US Food and Drug Administration and the International Anesthesia Research Society, hosted a meeting attended by research experts, anaesthesia journal editors, and government agency representatives to discuss the continued need for rigorous preclinical research and the importance of establishing reporting standards for the field of anaesthetic perinatal neurotoxicity. This group affirmed the importance of preclinical research in the field, and welcomed novel and mechanistic approaches to answer some of the field's largest questions. The attendees concluded that summarising the benefits and disadvantages of specific model systems, and providing guidance for reporting results, would be helpful for designing new experiments and interpreting results across laboratories. This expert opinion report is a summary of these discussions, and includes a focused review of current animal models and reporting standards for the field of perinatal anaesthetic neurotoxicity. This will serve as a practical guide and road map for novel and rigorous experimental work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]