Search

Abstract: Chimeric sequences falsely increase the apparent diversity within samples. To examine chimera formation in PCR products from environmental DNA, clone libraries were prepared using different ramp speeds to reach the designated temperatures for each step of the PCR program. Slowing the thermocycler ramp speed to 1°Cs−1 reduced chimera formation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Human polyoma- and papillomaviruses are non-enveloped DNA viruses that cause severe pathologies and mortalities. Under circumstances of immunosuppression, JC polyomavirus causes a fatal demyelinating disease called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and the BK polyomavirus is the etiological agent of polyomavirus-induced nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis. Human papillomavirus type 16, another non-enveloped DNA virus, is associated with the development of cancers in tissues like the uterine cervix and oropharynx. Currently, there are no approved drugs or vaccines to treat or prevent polyomavirus infections. We recently discovered that the small molecule Retro-2 cycl , an inhibitor of host retrograde trafficking, blocked infection by several human and monkey polyomaviruses. Here, we report diversity-oriented syntheses of Retro-2 cycl and evaluation of the resulting analogs using an assay of human cell infections by JC polyomavirus. We defined structure–activity relationships and also discovered analogs with significantly improved potency as suppressors of human polyoma- and papillomavirus infection in vitro. Our findings represent an advance in the development of drug candidates that can broadly protect humans from non-enveloped DNA viruses and toxins that exploit retrograde trafficking as a means for cell entry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]