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The article focuses on China's plan to launch a national emissions trading scheme (ETS). Topics discussed include the possibility that China will seek to link its ETS with other ETS schemes, the various forms of linkage and their different effects, and signs that China and the European Union are very likely to cooperate in the field of emissions trading.

The article provides an overview of the introduction of policy documents and legislation aimed to implement the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of China in 2016. It considers whether the resource tax design could aid China build a low-carbon, energy-efficient industrial system and meet its national plan on climate change. It discusses the use of domestic programmes by China to penalise air pollution and confront resource misuse.

China - Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Climate Change Legislation (Mingde Cao) 52 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine Genetic Resources beyond National Jurisdiction "Coordination and Harmonisation of Governance Regimes" (Arianna Broggiato) 35 Environmental Damage "A New Challenge for China, Continuing Challenges for Western Legal Systems" (Mariachiara Alberton, Luciano Butti, Marco Cremonini, Massimo Martinelli, Manuela Molinaro, Yanming Ren, Patrizia Scalas, Luigi Torriano, Guangxuan Xie, Fang Yu, Hongzhen Zhang) 42 GEF / 39th Council - Few Surprises in the Meeting (Soledad Aguilar) 52 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Wuhan urban agglomeration (WUA), the population growth and concentration, the industrial development and urban sprawl have been affecting the environment fundamentally. Comparing with Yangtze delta metropolitan region, the level of urbanization and industrialization of WUA has lagged behind for about 10 years; but the problems in environmental protection and rehabilitation are commonly serious. In the future, WUA should avoid unnecessary mistakes and seek a win-win strategy for economy and environment in its large-scale development stage. Based on the analysis of the changing of main environmental pollutants and the coupled curves in past decades, the paper discussed the important links among the urban environmental pollutions, industry growth and urban sprawl in WUA. It is concluded that the integration of economic and environmental policies in urban development is more required and significant at the large urban agglomeration region. Four proactive and long-term strategies need to be adopted to provide prior guidance and better protection for the development of WUA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses environmental law and policy in China. Principles of Chinese environmental law such as sustainable development, prevention first and rational development; Introduction of the country's environmental protection policies and the legal provisions implementing them; Development of the modern environmental law over three periods of history and legislation.

This paper assess the eco-environmental benefits that may come from the middle route project of China' s South-North Water Transfer Scheme(SNWT) with principles and methods of eco-economics and planning reports of SNWT' s middle route project. Some benefits were calculated in monetary units. To make sure that the results can be comparable with normal monetary indices, concrete assessment objects and the parameters are prudently selected according to the major characteristics of the project and its water import region. Primary assessment revealed that in different project construction stages, the benefit could be more than 13.07 billion RMB Yuan in 2010 and 19.79 billion RMB Yuan in 2030, respectively. The monetary value tends to increase with social-economic development. To realize these potential benefits, however, calls for more endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the legal problems related to development of natural resources in China. Environmental issues and areas affected due to them in China; Causes for the environmental issues in the country; Framework for the environmental policy of natural resources development; Legislation, regulations and standards for natural resources; Needs for participation of Non-governmental Organizations and public for resource development.

Abstract: In order to promote cleaner production in China, a package of policy options was presented based on the identification of the barriers encountered in the CP demonstration project and the effectiveness and feasibility of policy options for the CP implementation were analyzed. Furthermore, the policy mechanism framework was given, which composes of compulsory, economic incentive, social pressure and supportive function. Finally, the implementation strategy of the policy mechanism, in which the emphasis will be changed from compulsory policy options towards economic and social pressure policy options, was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on environmental awareness and the contemporary society of China. Environmental awareness as a philosophical understanding; Characteristics of the environmental awareness of three major groups of society; Factors affecting environmental awareness.

The national Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan required significant decreases in PM 2.5 levels over China. To explore more effective emission abatement strategies in industrial cities, a case study was conducted in Baotou to evaluate the current national control measures. The total emissions of SO 2, NO X , PM 2.5 and NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds) in Baotou were 211.2Gg, 156.1Gg, 28.8Gg, and 48.5Gg, respectively in 2013, and they would experience a reduction of 30.4%, 26.6%, 15.1%, and 8.7%, respectively in 2017 and 39.0%, 32.0%, 24.4%, and 12.9%, respectively in 2020. The SO 2 , NO X and PM 2.5 emissions from the industrial sector would experience a greater decrease, with reductions of 37%, 32.7 and 24.3%, respectively. From 2013 to 2020, the concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , and PM 2.5 are expected to decline by approximately 30%, 10% and 14.5%, respectively. The reduction rate of SNA (sulfate, nitrate and ammonium) concentrations was significantly higher than that of PM 2.5 in 2017, implying that the current key strategy toward controlling air pollutants from the industrial sector is more powerful for SNA. Although air pollution control measures implemented in the industrial sector could greatly reduce total emissions, constraining the emissions from lower sources such as residential coal combustion would be more effective in decreasing the concentration of PM 2.5 from 2017 to 2020. These results suggest that even for a typical industrial city, the reduction of PM 2.5 concentrations not only requires decreases in emissions from the industrial sector, but also from the low emission sources. The seasonal variation in sulfate concentration also showed that emission from coal-burning is the key factor to control during the heating season., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The article offers information related to environmental policy and law. Ban Ki-moon, United Nations (UN) Secretary-General, launches the "Oceans Compact," which will focus on ocean protection and people whose livelihoods depend on oceans. It mentions the study on capturing atmospheric carbon by sprinkling iron dust on the oceans. It adds that the World Heritage Committee added China's Xanadu to the list of World Heritage Sites.

Reports on the environmental policies adopted by China. China's cutting of the sales tax for cars that have reached the European Union; Possible routes for the planned construction of a canal diverting water from the Yangtze River basin to dry Northern China.

Air quality model can be an adequate tool for future air quality prediction, also atmospheric observations supporting and emission control strategies responders. The influence of emission control policy (emission reduction targets in the national "China's 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015)") on the air quality in the near future over an important industrial city of China, Xuanwei in Yunnan Province, was studied by applying the AERMOD modeling system. First, our analysis demonstrated that the AERMOD modeling system could be used in the air quality simulation in the near future for SO2 and NOx under average meteorology but not for PM10. Second, after evaluating the simulation results in 2008 and 2015, ambient concentration of SO2, NOx and PM10 (only 2008) were all centered in the middle of simulation area where the emission sources concentrated, and it is probably because the air pollutions were source oriented. Last but not least, a better air quality condition will happen under the hypothesis that the average meteorological data can be used in near future simulation. However, there are still heavy polluted areas where ambient concentrations will exceed the air quality standard in near future. In spatial allocation, reduction effect of SO2 is more significant than NOx in 2015 as the contribution of SO2 from industry is more than NOx. These results inspired the regulatory applications of AERMOD modeling system in evaluating environmental pollutant control policy.