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In view of the influence of the water conservancy project on the ecological environment along the coastal basin, this paper analyzes the characteristics of short-term runoff variation of the reservoir during and after the construction with the support vector machine. At the same time, a comprehensive evaluation system of the influence of the water conservancy project on the coastal basin is established to analyze the long-term influence of the the water conservancy project on the coastal basin. The conclusions are as follows: the support vector machine (SVM) can better simulate the situation of water passing in the coastal basin under complex conditions. During the construction of the dam, the water conservancy project has no significant influence on the runoff of this map in the Yangtze River basin, and the environment and monthly flow of the region are significantly affected within one year after the completion of the dam, which has obvious peak-cutting and valley-filling effect on the coastal basin and can suppress the emergence of floods. The long-term monitoring results of the project after its completion show that the ecological economy around the water conservancy project is mainly affected by the abundance of animals and plants and the distribution of groundwater, while the climate has less influence on the eco-economy. The water resources in the coastal basin are artificially controlled, which can effectively promote the local economic development. The power generation, farmland irrigation and water use in the upstream of the reservoir are satisfied, but the groundwater level is continuously lowered due to the continuous decrease of the water discharge in the lower reaches of the water conservancy project. The ecological environment of the lower reaches has been damaged to varying degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]