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The article presents information on leptospiral uveitis in developing countries. It explores the epidemiology of the disease, which is known to occur mostly in developing countries with tropical climates. The manifestations of ocular involvement in leptospirosis involve discharge or subconjunctival hemorrhage. Worldwide strategies for fighting leptospirosis, particularly the creation of a website providing updates on leptospirosis incidents, diagnosis, and control, are discussed.

The article discusses the treatment of uveitis in developing countries. It notes on the multifacetedness of the challenges of treating uveitis in developing countries. It describes how developing countries provide an opportunity for the medical profession to learn more information on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of uveitis. The medical, socioeconomic and ethical issues surrounding uveitis treatment are explored.

The article reviews the available epidemiologic data on uveitis from developing countries and compares it with the available data from developed countries. It notes on the demographic differences of uveitis in developing and developed countries. It reveals that posterior uveitis is more common in developing countries, while infectious uveitis is more common in developed countries. The importance of conducting regional studies on the epidemiology of uveitis in developing countries is emphasized.

The article presents information on leprosy uveitis in developing countries. It explores the epidemiology of leprosy, which is described as a chronic communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and common in the tropical and subtropical countries. It notes that ocular leprosy occurs due to several factors, including nerve damage and aging complications such as glaucoma and cataract. Also discussed are the involvement of ocular damage in lepromatous leprosy and tuberculoid leprosy.

The article discusses visual complications resulting from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Health data shows that the main cause of blindness associated with HIV infection is cytomegalovirus retinitis. Other complications resulting from HIV infection and AIDS include Kaposi sarcoma, molluscum contagiosum and conjunctival microvasculopathy. Recommendations to prevent HIV- and AIDS- induced blindness are presented.

Purpose of Review: To highlight recent advances in basic research, diagnostic as well as therapeutic advances in ocular parasitosis and to evaluate their application in medical practice., Recent Findings: Knowledge relating to immunoreactivity in ocular parasitology has grown impressively in past few years. The outcome of infection is the result of a set of interactions involving host and parasite genetic background, environmental and social factors. Immunopathogenesis of parasite-mediated host cell lysis is better understood. Studies on newer drugs with cophylogenetic techniques are in horizon. There are success stories on control of transmission in some countries., Summary: Much has been achieved; however, much more effort is needed in the area of translational research from bench to bedside. There is a need to enhance the awareness of risk factors of parasitic diseases in the population. Newer molecular diagnostic techniques need to be standardized for field application. Steps needed to be taken by the ophthalmologist when a parasite is seen in ocular tissues including identification, search for systemic involvement, treatment for elimination and sequelae and public health notification. Lack of methodological uniformity in management emphasis the need for standardization including construction of management algorithm for ophthalmologists.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and causes of vision loss in children with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease seen at a uveitis referral center in South India., Methods: Charts of patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease examined in the uveitis referral clinic of Aravind Eye Hospital between January 1998 and December 2007 were reviewed. A subset of patients or=20/40, whereas 13.6% had a final visual acuity of