6 results
Search Results
2. "Age Ought to Be a Fact": The Campaign against Child Labor and the Rise of the Birth Certificate.
- Author
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Pearson, Susan J.
- Subjects
BIRTH certificates ,CHILD labor laws ,SOCIAL reformers ,UNITED States history -- 1865- ,PARENTS ,AGE -- Social aspects ,HISTORY of the United States census ,HISTORY ,SOCIAL conditions of children - Abstract
The article discusses the relationship between birth certificates and child labor laws in the U.S. from the 1870s through the 1930s, including efforts of labor reformers to have employers use age to regulate youth employment. An overview of parents' perspectives on their children's ages, including in regard to their lack of documentation of their children's birth dates, is provided. The role that the U.S. census played in maintaining records on age and birth dates is discussed.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. The Importance of Age Perceptions and Nutritional Science to Early Twentieth-century Institutional Diets.
- Author
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Jensen, Tenna
- Subjects
HISTORY of nutrition ,INSTITUTIONAL care of older people ,NUTRITION policy ,FOOD service ,AGING ,AGE -- Social aspects ,DANISH history, 1900- ,HISTORY ,TWENTIETH century - Abstract
Scholars agree that increased intermingling of science and policy was a characteristic of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Within the realm of food this development has been named ‘nutrification’ or the ‘paradigm of nutritionism’. This article investigates this development in early twentieth-century Scandinavia. The thesis is that societal perceptions of age and age-related food habits influenced the pace and degree to which nutritional knowledge was integrated into and affected institutional diets. The analysis is based on dietary regulations for Danish elderly homes. In order to inform discussions around the importance of age perceptions to the nutrification of institutional food, the findings are compared with research on school meals in Norway and Denmark. The analysis concludes that age perceptions greatly influenced the extent to which diets changed in public institutions. As a result, nutrification was a process with unevenly distributed effects among Scandinavian populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Change in Epigenome-Wide DNA Methylation Over 9 Years and Subsequent Mortality: Results From the InCHIANTI Study.
- Author
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Zenobia Moore, Ann, Hernandez, Dena G., Toshiko Tanaka, Pilling, Luke C., Nalls, Mike A., Bandinelli, Stefania, Singleton, Andrew B., Ferrucci, Luigi, Moore, Ann Zenobia, and Tanaka, Toshiko
- Subjects
AGE -- Social aspects ,DNA methylation ,DNA modification & restriction ,SURVIVAL ,POPULATION & society ,AGING ,BLOOD cell count ,LONGEVITY ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MORTALITY ,BODY mass index ,CROSS-sectional method ,EPIGENOMICS - Abstract
Patterns of DNA methylation (DNAm) that track with aging have been identified. However, the relevance of these patterns for aging outcomes remains unclear. Longitudinal epigenome-wide DNAm information was obtained from the InCHIANTI study, a large representative European population. DNAm was evaluated using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array on blood samples collected at baseline and 9-year follow-up: observations from 499 participants with paired longitudinal blood sample and information on differential blood count were included in analyses. A total of 56,579 markers were significantly associated with age in cross-sectional analysis of DNAm at year 9, 31,252 markers were changed significantly over the 9-year follow-up, and 16,987 markers were both cross-sectionally associated with age and significantly changed over time. Rates of change at 76 markers and year 9 level of DNAm at 88 markers were identified as strongly associated with mortality in Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age and relevant covariates (mean follow-up time 4.4 years). Less than 0.05% of markers associated with age or that changed over time were also associated with mortality after adjusting for chronological age. Although the influence of DNAm on health and longevity remains unclear, these findings confirm that aging is associated cross-sectionally and longitudinally with robust and consistent patterns of methylation change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Please Your Self: Social Identity Effects on Selective Exposure to News About In- and Out-Groups.
- Author
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Knobloch-Westerwick, Silvia and Hastall, Matthias R.
- Subjects
GROUP identity ,MASS media & society ,MASS media & older people ,MASS media & young adults ,OLDER people in mass media ,SELF-esteem ,AGE -- Social aspects - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Communication is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Religion among Academic Scientists: Distinctions, Disciplines, and Demographics.
- Author
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Ecklund, Elaine Howard and Scheitle, Christopher P.
- Subjects
RELIGION & science ,PSYCHOLOGY of scientists ,RESEARCH universities & colleges ,RELIGIOUS studies ,UNIVERSITY faculty ,AGE -- Social aspects ,RELIGIOUSNESS ,SCHOOLS ,MARITAL status ,BELIEF & doubt ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The religiosity of scientists is a persistent topic of interest and debate among both popular and academic commentators. Researchers look to this population as a case study for understanding the intellectual tensions between religion and science and the possible secularizing effects of education. There is little systematic study, however, of religious belief and identity among academic scientists at elite institutions, leaving a lacuna of knowledge in this area. This absence of data exists at a time when the intersection between religion and science is reaching heightened public attention. Especially with increased tensions surrounding teaching evolution in the public schools, understanding what kind of resources scientists have (particularly in terms of their own religious beliefs and practices) to transmit science to a broader religiously-motivated public is crucial. Using data from a recent survey of academic scientists at twenty-one elite U.S. research universities, we compare the religious beliefs and practices of natural and social scientists within seven disciplines as well as academic scientists to the general population. We find that field-specific and interdisciplinary differences are not as significant in predicting religiosity as other research suggests. Instead, demographic factors such as age, marital status, and presence of children in the household are the strongest predictors of religious difference among scientists. In particular, religiosity in the home as a child is the most important predictor of present religiosity among this group of scientists. We discuss the relevance these findings have for understanding issues related to current theory and public debate about the intersection between religion and science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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