Search

Splenocytes, bone marrow cells, and peripheral CD3+ cells from aged transgenic mice showed increased levels of I p21 i and I p16 i senescence markers, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype, when compared to the wild-type counterpart. Overall, the study by Yousefzadeh I et al. i sheds new light on systemic ageing being fostered by immunosenescence induced by DNA damage repair impairment in the haematopoietic cell compartment ( I Figure 1 i ). Not the case for the immune system when promoting systemic ageing. [Extracted from the article]

Biography: Paul R. Riley is a British Heart Foundation Professor of Regenerative Medicine and Chair of Developmental and Cell Biology within the Department of Physiology Anatomy & Genetics. Dr Sveva Bollini from the University of Padova (Italy), interviews Prof. Paul R. Riley, British Heart Foundation Professor * Corresponding author. Conflict of interest: Paul Riley is co-founder and equity holder of OxStem Cardio, a University of Oxford spin-out company seeking to identifysmallmoleculedrugsforpromotingendogenousrepairoftheinfarctedheart. e56 S. Bollini and P.R. Riley Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/article/117/4/e55/6148994 by 81695661, OUP on 24 March 2021 © 2021 European Society of Cardiology. [Extracted from the article]

We review some of the important discoveries and advances made in basic and translational cardiac research in 2020. For example, in the field of myocardial infarction (MI), new aspects of autophagy and the importance of eosinophils were described. Novel approaches, such as a glycocalyx mimetic, were used to improve cardiac recovery following MI. The strategy of 3D bio-printing was shown to allow the fabrication of a chambered cardiac organoid. The benefit of combining tissue engineering with paracrine therapy to heal injured myocardium is discussed. We highlight the importance of cell-to-cell communication, in particular, the relevance of extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, which transport proteins, lipids, non-coding RNAs, and mRNAs and actively contribute to angiogenesis and myocardial regeneration. In this rapidly growing field, new strategies were developed to stimulate the release of reparative exosomes in ischaemic myocardium. Single-cell sequencing technology is causing a revolution in the study of transcriptional expression at cellular resolution, revealing unanticipated heterogeneity within cardiomyocytes, pericytes and fibroblasts, and revealing a unique subpopulation of cardiac fibroblasts. Several studies demonstrated that exosome- and non-coding RNA-mediated approaches can enhance human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) viability and differentiation into mature cardiomyocytes. Important details of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and its relevance were elucidated. Novel aspects of cancer therapeutic-induced cardiotoxicity were described, such as the novel circular RNA circITCH, which may lead to novel treatments. Finally, we provide some insights into the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the heart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we review the highlights of cardiovascular basic science published in 2021 and early 2022 on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology Council for Basic Cardiovascular Science. We begin with non-coding RNAs which have emerged as central regulators cardiovascular biology, and then discuss how technological developments in single-cell 'omics are providing new insights into cardiovascular development, inflammation, and disease. We also review recent discoveries on the biology of extracellular vesicles in driving either protective or pathogenic responses. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021 recognized the importance of the molecular basis of mechanosensing and here we review breakthroughs in cardiovascular sensing of mechanical force. We also summarize discoveries in the field of atherosclerosis including the role of clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, and new mechanisms of crosstalk between hyperglycaemia, lipid mediators, and inflammation. The past 12 months also witnessed major advances in the field of cardiac arrhythmia including new mechanisms of fibrillation. We also focus on inducible pluripotent stem cell technology which has demonstrated disease causality for several genetic polymorphisms in long-QT syndrome and aortic valve disease, paving the way for personalized medicine approaches. Finally, the cardiovascular community has continued to better understand COVID-19 with significant advancement in our knowledge of cardiovascular tropism, molecular markers, the mechanism of vaccine-induced thrombotic complications and new anti-viral therapies that protect the cardiovascular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]