7,570 results
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2. Transitioning From Paper to Digital: State Statutory and Regulatory Frameworks for Health Information Technology.
- Author
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Schmit, Cason, Sunshine, Gregory, Pepin, Dawn, Ramanathan, Tara, Menon, Akshara, and Penn, Matthew
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LAWYERS , *POPULATION geography , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ELECTRONIC health records , *ELECTRONIC health record laws - Abstract
Objectives: In all health system sectors, electronic health information (EHI) is created, used, released, and reused. We examined states' efforts to address EHI uses in law to provide an understanding of the EHI legal environment. Methods: Attorney researchers used WestlawNext to search for EHI-related statutes and regulations of the US states, US territories, and the District of Columbia in effect as of January 2014. The researchers independently catalogued provisions by the EHI use described in the law. Researchers resolved discrepancies through peer review meetings and recorded the consensus codes for each law. Results: This study identified 2364 EHI-related laws representing 49 EHI uses in 54 jurisdictions. A total of 18 EHI uses were regulated by ≥10 jurisdictions. More than 750 laws addressed 2 or more EHI uses. Jurisdictions varied by the number of EHI laws in effect, with a mean of 44 laws. Texas had the most EHI laws (n = 145). Hawaii and South Carolina had the fewest (n = 14 each). Conclusions: The EHI legal landscape is complex. The large quantity and diversity of laws complicate legal analysis, likely delay implementation of public health solutions, and might be detrimental to the development of emerging health information technology. Research is needed to understand the effect of EHI-related laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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3. A UNION'S STEWARD-TRAINING PROGRAM.
- Author
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Brooks, George W. and Gamm, Sara
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PAPER industry ,PAPER products industry ,PULP mills ,WOOD pulp industry ,LABOR unions ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,PAPER industry workers ,LABOR movement ,LABOR union personnel - Abstract
The article describe the shop steward-training program of the International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite and Paper Mill Workers which is operated jointly with the International Brotherhood of Paper Makers. Due to the emergence of trade unionism throughout the U.S. industry, new needs and new jobs were created for international unions. The objective of the training of union stewards in the pulp and paper industry is to stimulate activity among the men and women who represent the local union. The activity will depends upon the local union and the location of the community.
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- 1951
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4. COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES A PAPER PREPARED BY THE NATIONAL JOINT COMMITTEE ON LEARNING DISABILITIES.
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ELIGIBILITY (Social aspects) , *EDUCATION of students with disabilities , *ACADEMIC achievement , *STUDENTS with disabilities , *HEALTH care teams , *LEARNING disabilities , *PARENT-child relationships , *PROFESSIONAL employee training , *RECORDS , *RESPONSIBILITY , *SPECIAL education , *TEACHER-student relationships , *TRANSLATIONS , *LEGAL status of students with disabilities , *CLIENT relations - Abstract
The National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD)1 strongly supports comprehensive assessment and evaluation of students with learning disabilities by a multidisciplinary team for the identification and diagnosis of students with learning disabilities. Comprehensive assessment of individual students requires the use of multiple data sources. These sources may include standardized tests, informal measures, observations, student self-reports, parent reports, and progress monitoring data from response-to-intervention (RTI) approaches (NJCLD, 2005). Reliance on any single criterion for assessment or evaluation is not comprehensive, nor is a group assessment, such as universal screening or statewide academic assessment tests, sufficient for comprehensive assessment or evaluation. This paper is intended to inform administrators, educators, parents, and others concerned about the effective identification and education of students with learning disabilities about the components, processes, and participants necessary for comprehensive assessment and evaluation, as well as optimal practices that should further enhance the education of students with learning disabilities. The NJCLD has long recognized that inappropriate assessment and evaluation practices may result in questionable incidence rates for learning disabilities (NJCLD, 2001a). Similarly, the NJCLD (2001a, 2001b) has provided a solid foundation for addressing the issues of assessment, evaluation, identification, and eligibility of students with learning disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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5. Some Applied Economics of Utility Regulation A Paper in Honor of David Newbery.
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Littlechild, Stephen
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INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) , *GOVERNMENT regulation , *APPLIED economics , *ELECTRIC utilities , *ECONOMIC competition , *ELECTRIC power transmission - Abstract
This paper seeks to bring to the attention of regulatory economists and policymakers the existence of some approaches to utility regulation that have hitherto received little or no attention in the economics literature. It begins by noting that regulatory actions have discouraged certain kinds of retail contracts in the UK that are offered in Nordic countries, almost extinguished retail competition in Ohio, and distorted the market for merchant interconnectors in Australia. In contrast, Argentina secured an efficient appraisal and implementation of transmission expansions by empowering users and severely limiting the role for regulation. Some US and Canadian jurisdictions have fostered the emergence of negotiated settlements that exhibit considerable innovation, and greater benefits for all parties than would have been possible with the conventional regulatory approach. These examples of the actual regulatory world can inform the work of theorists and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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6. THE PAPER CHASE MYTH.
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Schwartz, Audrey James
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ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *STUDENTS , *LEGAL education , *LAW schools - Abstract
This is a report of a study that examined the social and academic climates of two American law schools, concluding that the environment in which legal education takes place is not conducive to significant socialization. The diminution after 7 months of law school of the expectations of first-year students to work as professionals after graduation in attaining justice and establishing social reforms was due largely to rational cognitive processes, inasmuch as there were no significant changes in basic motives and attitudes. The study supports adult socialization theory that holds that adult individual rationality is a powerful inhibitor of attempts to bring about fundamental affective changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1985
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7. A five-year (2015 to 2019) analysis of studies focused on breast cancer prediction using machine learning: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis.
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Salod, Zakia and Singh, Yashik
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FORECASTING ,BREAST cancer ,MACHINE learning ,META-analysis ,BREAST cancer research - Abstract
The objective 1 of this study was to investigate trends in breast cancer (BC) prediction using machine learning (ML) publications by analysing country, first author, journal, institutional collaborations and co-occurrence of author keywords. The objective 2 was to provide a review of studies on BC prediction using ML and a blood analysis dataset (Breast Cancer Coimbra Dataset [BCCD]), and the objective 3 was to provide a brief review of studies based on BC prediction using ML and patients' fine needle aspirate cytology data (Wisconsin Breast Cancer Dataset [WBCD]). The design of this study was as follows: for objective 1: bibliometric analysis, data source PubMed (2015-2019); for objective 2: systematic review, data source: Google and Google Scholar (2018- 2019); for objective 3: systematic review, data source: Google Scholar (2016-2019). The inclusion criteria for objective 1 were all publication results yielded from the searches. All English papers that had a 'PDF' option from the search results were included for objective 2. A sample of the 'PDF' English papers were included for objective 3. All 116 female patients from the BCCD, consisting of 64 positive BC patients and 52 controls were included in the study for objective 2. For the WBCD, all 699 female patients comprising of 458 with a benign BC tumour and 241 with a malignant BC tumour were included for objective 3. All 2928 publications were included for objective 1. The results showed that the United States of America (USA) produced the highest number of publications (n=803). In total, 2419 first authors contributed towards the publications. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment was the highest ranked journal. Institutional collaborations mainly occurred within the USA. The use of ML for BC screening and detection was the most researched topic. A total of 19 distinct papers were included for objectives 2 and 3. The findings from these studies were never presented to clinicians for validations. In conclusion, the use of ML for BC screening and detection is promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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8. Paper 02: ACL Reconstruction in Cutting and Pivoting Athletes: Soft Tissue Quadriceps Tendon Autograft vs. Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft.
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Brinkman, Joseph, Makovicka, Justin, and Economopoulos, Kostas
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CONFERENCES & conventions ,AUTOGRAFTS ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament surgery ,QUADRICEPS tendon - Abstract
Objectives: ACL reconstruction is one of the most common knee procedures performed annually in the United States. Athletes participating in cutting and pivoting sports are at high risk for ACL injury. In the general population, most graft choices including allograft, bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autograft, hamstring autograft and quadriceps autograft have all been shown to excellent results following reconstruction. However, in the high-level cutting and pivoting athlete, the optimal graft for reconstruction remains controversial. Most consider BTB autograft to be the gold standard for such athletes. However, BTB autografts have drawbacks including anterior knee pain, difficulty kneeling and possible patellar fracture and patellar tendon rupture. Quadriceps autograft has increased in popularity since it offers a thicker graft with more favorable tensile properties compared to BTB and hamstring autografts. The quadriceps autograft has nearly twice the cross sectional area, higher load to failure and greater stiffness than the BTB autograft. Studies have shown equivalent outcomes when directly comparing BTB autograft vs. soft tissue quadriceps autograft in the general population. No studies have directly compared these two grafts in athletes participating in cutting and pivoting sports. We hypothesized that the quadriceps autograft would lead to similar patient outcomes, re-tear rates, return to sport and complications as BTB autografts in the cutting and pivoting athlete. Methods: A retrospective review of cutting and pivoting athletes with ACL tears treated with BTB autograft or soft tissue quadriceps autograft with at least 2 years of follow up was performed. Only athletes participating in cutting and pivoting sports were included in the study. Four sports were considered to be cutting and pivoting including soccer, football, lacrosse and basketball. The decision on which graft to use was based on the athlete's choice after discussing the pros and cons of each graft. Exclusion criteria included those athletes with recurrent ACL tears, multiligamentous injuries, previous meniscal surgery and those requiring osteotomies. International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation (IKDC) and Lysholm knee scoring scale were used to evaluate patient reported outcomes. Through chart review, ability to return to sport, time to return to sport and complications were identified. The postoperative rehabilitation protocol for both grafts was identical. Results: There were 32 athletes in the soft tissue quadriceps autograft group and 36 in the BTB autograft group. The average age was 18.6 years for the quad group and 19.7 years for the BTB autograft group (p=0.63). Females made up 62.5% of the quadriceps group and 44.4% of the BTB group (p=0.14). The quad group was made up of 56.3% high school and 43.7% college athletes compared to 61.1% high school and 38.9% college athletes in the BTB autograft group (p=0.53). Soccer was the most common sport with 16 in the quad group and 14 in the BTB group. The rest of the quad group included 8 football players, 4 lacrosse and 4 basketball players. The remaining BTB group consisted of 12 football players, 8 lacrosse and 2 basketball players. Meniscal surgery was performed in combination with the ACL reconstruction in 17 (53.1%) of the quad group and 22 (61.1%) of the BTB autograft group (p=0.37). Average graft size was 9.5mm for the quad autograft group and 10 for the BTB autograft group. The 2-year IKDC score was 93.6 for the quad group and 95.1 for the BTB group (p=0.45). The 2 year Lysholm scores were 95.7 and 96.1 for the quad and BTB groups respectively. Return to play at the same or higher level was 90.6% in the quad group and 86.1% in the BTB autograft group (p=0.82). Time to return was also similar between the groups with 7.1 months for the quad group and 7.6 months for the BTB autograft group. There was 1 re-tear which required revision in the BTB group and no re-tears in the quad group (p=0.34). Arthrofibrosis requiring MUA and lysis of adhesions occurred in 2 quad autografts and 4 BTB autografts (p=0.49). One contralateral ACL rupture occurred in the quad autograft group and 4 in the BTB autograft group (p=0.21). Conclusions: The optimal ACL graft in high level athletes participating in cutting and pivoting sports remains in question. In our comparison of quadriceps autograft compared to BTB autograft in this athletic population, no difference in patient reported outcomes, return to sport or re-tear rates was identified. Based on these findings, quadriceps autograft is as effective as BTB autografts in cutting and pivoting athletes and should be part of the graft choice discussion with the athlete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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9. Cross Cultural Empathetic Behavior in Health Care Providers: A Review of 3 Countries.
- Author
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Sullivan-Detheridge, Julie H., Reifsnider, Elizabeth, Mengsteab, Mesele, Merie, Kassaw, Staller, Judit, and Allen, Angela M.
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EVALUATION of medical care ,IMPLICIT bias ,RACISM ,EMPATHY ,TRANSCULTURAL medical care ,RACE ,CULTURAL competence ,ETHNOCENTRISM ,HEALTH equity ,RURAL health - Abstract
This paper examines empathetic behavior in the United States, a strongly individualistic country, as contrasted with Hungary and Ethiopia, which are moderately individualistic and strongly collectivistic respectively. It suggests that empathy may have a wider than originally perceived application in diverse settings to combat factors of ethnic bias and discrimination that adversely impact health. Models that distinctly focus on the development of healthcare provider empathic care are needed to enable the needs of resource scarce regions of the world to be met, including pockets of the U.S. More investigation is warranted on how empathic behavior can positively impact health outcomes and disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. Labor Economics.
- Subjects
LABOR economics ,TEACHERS' salaries ,EMPLOYMENT ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,PAPER industry ,MINIMUM wage - Abstract
The article presents titles of research regarding labor economics including "Differences in Faculty Salaries Across the States," by Ethel B. Jones and Rand W. Ressler, "Employment, Wage and Productivity Trends in the U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry," by Roger S. Wolters and "The Impact of the Minimum Wage," by William T. Dickens.
- Published
- 1991
11. Public Financing of Professional Sports Facilities and Drug Asset Forfeiture.
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Blemings, Benjamin and Humphreys, Brad
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SPORTS facilities ,PUBLIC finance ,PROFESSIONAL sports ,SPORTS finance ,PUBLIC spending ,FORFEITURE ,ASSET forfeiture - Abstract
Local governments provide many crucial services from limited budgets, yet often subsidize the profitable, private businesses in professional sports leagues in the United States. Policing represents one important public service. Policing typically constitutes large portions of government budgets and also generates revenue through fines and forfeitures. Existing evidence suggests that large municipal expenditures in other areas can have an ambiguous effect on policing outcomes. This paper addresses the question of whether large public expenditures on sports facilities affect drug asset forfeiture using two-way fixed effects (TWFE) and generalized dynamic model specifications (GDMS). The results are similar across estimation methods, with static TWFE results suggesting a treatment effect of $1,274–5,589 in additional forfeiture per million in subsidies and results from the newer GDMS estimators suggesting $7,703 per million in subsidies. The results imply that, beyond generating no tangible local economic benefits, public subsidization of sports facilities also leads police to make up budget shortfalls by more aggressive policing, which has important implications for racial equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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12. Better State Lotteries.
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Clotfelter, Charles T.
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ROLEPLAYING games ,LOTTERIES ,TAX incidence - Abstract
Over the last three decades, a little-noted change has taken place in state lotteries. This change is an increase in the average payout rate, the share of sales that is returned to players in the form of prizes. Because it reduces the rate of implicit taxation on lottery purchases and its accompanying welfare loss, this change has inadvertently made lotteries better, or at least less objectionable. This paper reviews the normative case for reducing the implied tax, documents the rise in payout rates across the United States, offers an explanation for that rise, notes the starring role played by instant games, illustrates its effect on the regressivity of lottery finance, and documents the surprising correlation between the price of instant games and their payout rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. The Sociologist as Editor.
- Author
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Watcke, Ronald R. and Winterfield, Patricia
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PERIODICAL publishing ,SOCIOLOGISTS ,PERIODICALS ,EDUCATION - Abstract
This article presents a step-by-step guide for the undergraduate instructor in how to launch a student journal. The authors describe their experiences over the past four years in publishing the student journal at Wayne County Community College in Detroit, Michigan. Though there were some problems and pitfalls, the authors concluded that it was a rewarding educational experience and strongly recommend its replication at other undergraduate institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1979
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14. School Disturbance Laws: What They Are, How They Are Used, and How They Impact Students.
- Author
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Taylor, Shanon S.
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EDUCATIONAL law & legislation ,STUDENTS with disabilities ,JUVENILE justice administration ,SPECIAL education - Abstract
There are currently 23 states in the United States that have laws considered as some form of school disturbance law. These do not include codes or laws specifying school discipline consequences such as suspension or expulsion. They vary widely in how broadly they can be applied and how broadly they define behaviors. Students are often not aware typical student misbehavior such as refusing to work, talking back, belching, or throwing paper airplanes could result in an arrest. These laws disproportionally impact students of color and students with disabilities. This article will review the breadth of these laws in the United States, their historical development and growth, and how the implementation of these laws disproportionally impacts students of color and students with disabilities. Suggestions for policy changes are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. Analysis of a Collaborative Research Network of Botulinum Toxin Clinical Trials.
- Author
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Jiseon Jang, Hyeongjin Ahn, and Eunil Park
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COOPERATIVE research ,BOTULINUM toxin ,CLINICAL trials ,DATABASES - Abstract
Recently, pharmaceutical companies have been striving to occupy a greater percentage of the global market with clinical research actively being conducted through mutual collaboration networks. In particular, the international Botulinum toxin (BT) market is characterized by intensifying competition. The majority of BT research has been conducted in the United States and Europe, whilst various countries have started their regional research through international collaboration networks. With this trend, this study aimed to examine the current collaboration trend and network of clinical trial research in the field of BT by employing both bibliometric and collaboration network analyses with one of the global academic and research databases. Based on the collaboration network, which is organized by 8,296 articles and 10,298 institutes, four centrality measures successfully present several international and regional clinical BT research leading institutes. Moreover, there are some hidden active institutes in this area, which are not highlighted in this paper's bibliometric analysis. This study contributes to improving the understanding of clinical trials in BTresearch, a relevant medical topic. Moreover, collaboration network analysis is one of the most valuable approaches of examining the international and regional clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. Service Needs, Context of Reception, and Perceived Discrimination of Venezuelan Immigrants in the United States and Colombia.
- Author
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Scaramutti, Carolina, Schmidt, Renae Danielle, Ochoa, Lucas Gregorio, Brown, Eric Christopher, Vos, Saskia Renee, Mejia Trujillo, Juliana, Perez Gomez, Nicolas Augusto, Salas-Wright, Christopher, Duque, Maria, and Schwartz, Seth
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MENTAL health services ,VENEZUELANS ,COMMUNITY organization ,HEALTH services accessibility ,PERCEIVED discrimination ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
Executive Summary: Millions of Venezuelans have fled their country in hopes for a better future outside the political and financial turmoil in their home country. This paper examines the self-reported needs of Venezuelans in the United States and Colombia. Specifically, it looks at perceived discrimination in each country and its effect on the service needs of Venezuelan immigrants. The authors used data from a larger project conducted in October to November 2017 to perform a qualitative content analysis on the specific services that participants and others like them would need following immigration. The sample consisted of 647 Venezuelan immigrant adults who had migrated to the United States (n = 342) or Colombia (n = 305). Its findings indicate statistically significant differences between the two countries. Venezuelan immigrants in the United States were more likely to identity mental health and educational service needs, while those in Colombia were more likely to list access to healthcare, help finding jobs, and food assistance. When looking at perceived discrimination, means scores for discrimination were significantly greater for participants who indicated needing housing services, who indicated needing assistance enrolling children in school and who indicated needing food assistance, compared to participants who did not list those needs. Venezuelans who had experienced greater negative context of reception were less likely to indicate needing mental health services, where 11.9 percent of those who did not perceive a negative context of reception responded that they needed mental health services. Evaluating existing service networks will be essential in working to bridge the gap between the services provided to and requested by Venezuelans. Collaboration between diverse government actors, community-based organizations (CBOs) and other stakeholders can help identify gaps in existing service networks. CBOs can also facilitate communication between Venezuelan immigrants and their new communities, on the need to invest in necessary services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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17. Research hotspots for pediatric fractures from 2017 to 2022: A bibliometric and visual analysis via Citespace.
- Author
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Wang, Huan, Yang, Ya-ting, Lu, Qing-da, Liu, Chen-xin, Bai, Huan-an, Wang, Jia-ju, and Jie, Qiang
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BIBLIOMETRICS ,BONE density ,HUMERAL fractures ,CHILD abuse ,ANKLE fractures - Abstract
Objective: This review provides guidance and ideas for researchers through a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the present state, trends, and hotspots in the pediatric fracture literature over the past 6 years. Methods: We used Citespace 6.1.R6 software to explore the country/region distribution, institutions, journals, keyword analysis, and co-cited references of the literature from Web of Science core database. Results: There are 6472 pieces of pediatric fracture–related literature, including 2962 from 2017 to 2019 and 3510 from 2020 to 2022. The country with the most papers is the United States, and US institutions and journals also have a pivotal position in this field. Research hotspots for pediatric fractures in 2017–2019: The topic with the most attention is bone mineral density leading to related bone diseases. Treatment for pediatric fractures, including supracondylar humeral fractures, Monteggia fractures, forearm fractures, knee fractures, and ankle fractures in children, is another topic of greater interest. Brain injuries and dental injuries in children due to abuse and trauma are also concerning issues. Research hotspots for pediatric fractures in 2020–2022: comparison with 2017–2019 revealed a relative decrease regarding ankle-related epiphyseal injuries, but there is a higher focus on the epidemiology of fractures in children, risk factors, and reasons for childhood trauma. We have confirmed through literature co-citations that the literature of high interest is also in these aspects. Conclusion: Researchers and clinicians can quickly learn about topics of interest through authoritative journals and highly cited literature and rapidly master the current status and frontiers of the field through study, providing ideas for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Publius and Political Imagination.
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Frank, Jason
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FEDERAL government , *CENTRAL-local government relations , *POLITICAL philosophy ,UNITED States history, 1783-1815 - Abstract
The Federalist is commonly read as an exemplar of political realism. However, alongside Publius' arguments against the enthusiastic imagination—its tendency to inflame the passions, betray the intellect, and subvert political authority—are formative appeals to the imagination's role in reconstituting the public authority shaken during the postrevolutionary years. This essay explores three central aspects of Publius' restorative appeal to the imagination: the appeal to the public veneration required for sustaining political authority across time; the strategies for shifting citizen loyalty from the state and local level to that of a newly energized federal government; and the rhetorical elicitation of the public's imagination in aestheticized portrayals of Providential nationality. These aspects of Publius' argument make up the core of The Federalist's aesthetics of (self) rule. In each instance, Publius invokes the imagination as a heteronomic support to navigate familiar dilemmas of democratic self-authorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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19. INTRODUCTION TO SYMPOSIUM ON GOVERNMENT SPENDING.
- Author
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Cohen, Darrel
- Subjects
PUBLIC spending ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,TIME series analysis ,SUBSTITUTION (Economics) ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,MEDICAL care costs ,BALANCE of payments - Abstract
This symposium features three papers that investigate various aspects of government spending. The papers also share common ground in the considerable attention paid by each to international issues. Beyond that, the papers are quite different. They vary considerably in the mix of theory and empirical evidence as well as in the specific aspects of government spending that are investigated. The paper by Darrel Cohen utilizes techniques from the spectral analysis of time series to characterize seasonal, cyclical, and long-run properties of various measures of U.S. government spending; in addition, spectral techniques are combined with an intertemporal optimizing model of a representative consumer to shed light on the issues of the degree of direct substitution between government and private consumption spending in each of twelve major economies. The paper by Louise Sheiner uses cross-country data to address the question of whether conventional projections of a country's future health care expenditures are based on a faulty assumption that relative health spending by age remains constant. This paper is quite topical given impending demographic changes and related projected impacts on government outlays on health and retirement programs in many countries. The paper by Michele Cavallo develops a theoretical model and utilizes a calibration exercise to examine the effects on the current account balance of changes to different types of government spending, in particular expenditures on goods and expenditures on hours worked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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20. The association of self-perceived changes due to COVID-19 with mental and physical health among adult primary care patients with multiple chronic conditions: A US-based longitudinal study.
- Author
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Bonnell, Levi N, Clifton, Jessica, Natkin, Lisa W, Hitt, Juvena R, and Littenberg, Benjamin
- Subjects
EVALUATION of medical care ,COVID-19 ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CHRONIC diseases ,FUNCTIONAL status ,HEALTH status indicators ,MENTAL health ,REGRESSION analysis ,PRIMARY health care ,SLEEP ,T-test (Statistics) ,SOCIAL isolation ,AT-risk people ,MENTAL depression ,CHI-squared test ,RESEARCH funding ,DEMOGRAPHY ,ANXIETY ,COMORBIDITY ,LONGITUDINAL method ,NEIGHBORHOOD characteristics ,SECONDARY analysis - Abstract
Introduction: This study explores the association between self-perceived personal and community changes due to COVID-19 and health among vulnerable primary care patients experiencing multiple chronic conditions. Methods: Between September 2017 and February 2021, we obtained data from 2,426 primary care patients managing multiple chronic conditions from across the United States. We assessed the relationship between self-perceived personal and community changes due to COVID-19 and change in health measured by the PROMIS-29 mental and physical health summary scores, GAD-7 (anxiety), andPHQ-9 (depression), and DASI (functional capacity) adjusting for relevant demographic, neighborhood characteristics, and county covariates. Results: After adjustment, self-perceived personal and community changes due to COVID-19 were associated with significantly worse mental health summary scores (ß = -0.55; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = -0.72, -0.37), anxiety (ß = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.39), depression (ß = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.47), and physical health summary scores (ß = -0.44; 95% CI = 0.88, 0.00). There was no association with functional capacity (ß = - 0.05; 95% CI = -0.16, 0.05). Discussion: Among adults managing multiple chronic conditions, self-perceived personal and community changes due to COVID-19 were associated with health. This vulnerable population may be particularly susceptible to the negative effects of COVID-19. As we do not know the long-term health effects of COVID, this paper establishes a baseline of epidemiological data on COVID-19 burden and health among primary care patients with multiple chronic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Rural-Urban disparities in self-reported physical/mental multimorbidity: A cross-sectional study of self-reported mental health and physical health among working age adults in the U.S.
- Author
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Rhubart, Danielle, Kowalkowski, Jennifer, and Yerger, Jordan
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HEALTH services accessibility ,SELF-evaluation ,CROSS-sectional method ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,MENTAL health ,POPULATION geography ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,SEX distribution ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,HEALTH equity ,RURAL health ,URBAN health ,COMORBIDITY ,EVALUATION ,ADULTS - Abstract
Purpose: Self-rated physical health (SRPH) and self-rated mental health (SRMH) are both linked to excess morbidity and premature mortality and can vary across rural and urban contexts. This can be particularly problematic for rural residents who have less access to important health care infrastructure. In this paper, we assess the prevalence of and rural-urban disparities at the intersection of SRPH and SRMH, specifically self-rated physical/mental multimorbidity (SRPMM) overall and across rural-urban contexts. Methods: Using a cross-sectional demographically representative national dataset of over 4000 working age adults in the U.S., we expose rural-urban differences in the prevalence of SRPMM and explore individual-level factors that may explain this disparity. Results: Approximately 15 percent of working age adults reported SRPMM, but rural adults were at higher risk than their urban counterparts. However, this disadvantage disappeared for remote rural working-age adults and was attenuated for metro-adjacent rural working-age adults when we controlled for the fact that rural adults had lower household incomes. Conclusion: Findings reveal a higher risk of SRPMM among rural adults, in part because of lower incomes among this group. This work acts as the foundation for facilitating research on and addressing rural-urban disparities in SRPMM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Self-Employment and Eudaimonic Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Problem- and Emotion-Focused Coping.
- Author
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Nikolaev, Boris N., Lerman, Michael P., Boudreaux, Christopher J., and Mueller, Brandon A.
- Subjects
SELF-employment ,WELL-being ,FREELANCERS - Abstract
An emerging body of research has documented that self-employed people are more likely to report higher levels of eudaimonic well-being (EWB; e.g., autonomy, competence, meaning) than their employed counterparts. In this paper, we examine why the self-employed perceive their lives as psychologically more fulfilling even though they face more complex and competing occupational demands that can expose them to more stressors. Specifically, we hypothesize that the self-employed are more likely to engage in problem-focused coping—productive and proactive behaviors and thoughts aimed to help them overcome challenges (e.g., planning and active coping)—and less likely to engage in emotion-focused coping—behaviors and thoughts to merely make them feel better (e.g., venting and denial)—which, in turn, can promote higher levels of EWB. Using data from Waves 2 and 3 of the National Study of Midlife in Development in the United States, we find supportive evidence for our theory. More importantly, we show that the well-being benefits from self-employment accrue almost entirely because the self-employed are more likely to use problem-focused coping as opposed to emotion-focused coping. In a series of robustness tests, including random-effects models, matching estimators, and twin and sibling fixed-effects, we further demonstrate the relevance of coping as a key explanatory mechanism in the relationship between self-employment and EWB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Managing two‐dose COVID‐19 vaccine rollouts with limited supply: Operations strategies for distributing time‐sensitive resources.
- Author
-
Mak, Ho‐Yin, Dai, Tinglong, and Tang, Christopher S.
- Subjects
COVID-19 vaccines ,SUPPLY chain disruptions ,VACCINE effectiveness ,LEAD time (Supply chain management) ,VACCINE development ,CRISIS management ,CRISIS communication ,COST effectiveness - Abstract
Distributing scarce resources such as COVID‐19 vaccines is often a highly time‐sensitive and mission‐critical operation. Our research was prompted by a significant obstacle that the United States and other nations encountered during the early months of the COVID‐19 vaccination campaign: Most COVID‐19 vaccines require two doses given 3 or 4 weeks apart. Given the severely limited supply and mounting pressure on many countries to reduce hospitalizations and mortality, how to effectively roll out two‐dose vaccines was a critical policy decision. In this paper, we first model and analyze inventory dynamics of the rollout process under three rollout strategies: (1) holding back second doses, (2) releasing second doses, and (3) stretching the lead time between doses. Then we develop an SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered) model that incorporates COVID‐19 asymptomatic and symptomatic infections to evaluate these strategies in terms of infections, hospitalizations, and mortality. Among our findings, we show releasing second doses reduces infections but creates uneven vaccination patterns. In addition, to ensure second doses are given on time without holding back inventory, strictly less than half of the supply can be allocated to first‐dose appointments. Stretching the between‐dose lead time flattens the infection curve and reduces both hospitalizations and mortality compared with the strategy of releasing second doses. We also consider an alternative single‐dose vaccine with lower efficacy and show that the vaccine can be more effective than its two‐dose counterparts in reducing infections and mortality. We conduct extensive sensitivity analyses related to age composition, risk‐based prioritization, supply disruptions, and disease transmissibility. Our paper provides important implications for policymakers to develop effective vaccine rollout strategies in developed and developing countries alike. More broadly, our paper sheds light on how to develop effective operations strategies for distributing time‐sensitive resources in times of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The medical malpractice crisis -- reflections on the alleged causes and proposed cures: discussion paper.
- Author
-
McQuade, J. S.
- Subjects
MEDICAL malpractice ,ACTIONS & defenses (Law) ,PHYSICIAN-patient relations ,JOB satisfaction of physicians - Abstract
The article presents information on medical malpractice actions against doctors in the U.S. The damage amounts claimed in the actions have increased, which threatens the delivery of medical services. This is known as medical malpractice crisis. Doctors fear these lawsuits, because they adversely affect their reputation and practice. They also spoil the doctor/patient relationships, and the relationships between doctors and lawyers. Job satisfaction of doctors is also lowered.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Laboratory medicine -- an American system: discussion paper.
- Author
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Ferns, G. A. A. and Austin, D.
- Subjects
CLINICAL pathology ,UNIVERSITY hospitals ,ACADEMIC medical centers - Abstract
The article focuses on laboratory medicine in the United States with an example of the University of Washington Hospital Medical Center (UWHMC) in Seattle, Washington. The organization of laboratory medicine varies according to local needs and history. Clinical chemistry, microbiology, immunology, genetics and informatics are the part of laboratory medicine. Detailed information about the UWHMC is provided.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Raising the profile of epidemiological research: discussion paper.
- Author
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Roth, C. A. and Lenfant, C.
- Subjects
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research ,BIOMETRY ,MEDICAL research ,CLINICAL trials - Abstract
The article focuses on the role of epidemilogy and biostatistics in the U.S. National Institutes of Health. At the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, there have been several developments in the field of biomedical. Firstly new knowledge is acquired through basic, applies, clinic research. Then the new knowledge is sanctioned through clinical trials and finally it is transferred to general medical practice by demonstration programmes.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Urban violence in the United States -- implications for health and for Britain in the future: discussion paper.
- Author
-
Ford, Amasa B. and Rushforth, Norman B.
- Subjects
URBAN violence ,HEALTH ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,SOCIAL change ,MORTALITY - Abstract
The article discusses the implications of urban violence in the U.S. for health and for Great Britain in the future. Recent experience with violent death in an American city is presented and compared with historical trends, with the experience in Great Britain and with concurrent environmental and social changes. A comparison of British and American mortality rates shows that over the years suicide rates have not been greatly different.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Focal paper.
- Author
-
Brown, Brad and Perry, Susan
- Subjects
SOCIAL responsibility of business - Abstract
Presents a measure of reputation for corporate social performance (CSP) by major corporations in the United States. Removal of the financial performance halo from `Fortune' periodical's most admired corporations; Meaning of CSP; Measurement of CSP.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. New Position Papers Group.
- Author
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Fehr, Rosalind C.
- Subjects
- *
APPOINTEES , *ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. , *MUSIC education - Abstract
Reports on the appointment of Lynn M. Brinckmeyer as chairwoman of the Position Statement Committee of the National Association for Music Education in the U.S. Professional career of Brinckmeyer; Plan by Brinckmeyer to form a committee that will develop music education position statements.
- Published
- 2005
30. Corporate Social Performance: Business Rationale, Competitiveness Threats, and Management Challenges.
- Author
-
Dentchev, Nikolay A.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC dissertations ,SOCIAL responsibility of business ,ECONOMIC competition ,INDUSTRIAL management - Abstract
The article discusses the dissertation about business rationale of corporate social performance (CSP), its competitiveness threats and management challenges its in the U.S. The dissertation, which is based on six papers, is aimed at proposing analytical tools and frameworks that facilitate the management of CSP that will be used to contribute to business and society scholarship in proposing strategies for CSP management. An overview and discussion of the six papers are offered.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. With Half-Trillion Inc. Red Ink, U.S. Inc. Looks Bad on Paper.
- Author
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Taylor, Andrew
- Subjects
BUDGET deficits ,DEFICIT financing ,FEDERAL government ,FINANCE ,OVERSPENDING - Abstract
Examines the budget deficit of the U.S. as of January 2004. Amount of the budget deficit; Comparison of the federal government to a publicly traded corporation; Remarks from Robert L. Bixby of the Concord Coalition, a nonpartisan fiscal watchdog group, on the deficit. INSETS: What Is the Deficit?;How Big Is the Deficit?;Why Is It So Big?;Does It Matter?
- Published
- 2004
32. Factors Affecting Renters' Electricity Use: More Than Split Incentives.
- Author
-
Best, Rohan, Burke, Paul J., and Shuhei Nishitateno
- Subjects
ELECTRIC power consumption ,HOME energy use ,SPACE heaters ,ENERGY consumption ,APARTMENT dwellers ,WATER heaters - Abstract
This paper uses data from the 2015 Residential Energy Consumption Survey to explore the extent to which renters' electricity use in the United States exceeds that of otherwise similar non-renters. Renting households are found to use approximately 9% more electricity than non-renters when controlling for location, socioeconomic, and many appliance-quantity controls. There are multiple factors that explain this extra electricity use, including inferior energy efficiency of appliances, behavioral factors, differences in bill payment responsibilities, and additional reliance by renters on electric space and water heaters. The paper finds that none of these factors are dominant. The phenomenon of renters' (conditionally) higher electricity use is thus best understood as one that emerges from multiple sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Industry Likes Its Paper Trail.
- Author
-
ZELLER, SHAWN
- Subjects
LABEL printing ,DRUG labeling ,PUBLIC health ,LEGISLATIVE bills ,DRUG counterfeiting ,PHARMACEUTICAL industry - Abstract
The article discusses the impact of the transition from printed paper to online labels on companies that print information about pharmaceuticals for pharmacists and physicians. Richard Scholz of the Pharmaceutical Printed Literature Association, cites a study that found that switching to electronic labels could impact public health. The House passed legislation in 2013 which aimed to combat counterfeit drugs with a provision allowing drugmakers to replace paper labels with electronic ones.
- Published
- 2014
34. Role of Primary Care in Bridging Gaps in the Health Care System for Vulnerable Children in the United States of America: A Sickle Cell Disease Case Study.
- Author
-
Weston, Natalie, Chang, Alicia, Malbari, Alefiyah, and Dokania, Gunjan
- Subjects
SICKLE cell anemia diagnosis ,DRUG therapy for sickle cell anemia ,PHYSICAL diagnosis ,NEWBORN screening ,PATIENT aftercare ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HEMOGLOBINS ,TRANSFERRIN ,IMMUNIZATION ,SOCIAL determinants of health ,FERRITIN ,FOOD security ,HOUSING stability ,PRIMARY health care ,PREVENTIVE health services ,HOLISTIC medicine ,ANTIBIOTIC prophylaxis ,DIETARY supplements ,PENICILLIN ,PUBLIC housing ,AT-risk people ,BLOOD cell count ,ERYTHROCYTES ,BETA-Thalassemia ,SICKLE cell anemia ,IRON compounds ,FAMILY history (Medicine) ,SOCIAL case work ,TRANSPORTATION ,DISEASE risk factors ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a life-threatening condition. Given the nature of the disease and associated complications with high mortality and morbidity rates, it is imperative that patients are diagnosed in early infancy, are established with specialists and general pediatric care immediately, and receive continuity in care. A percentage of patients diagnosed with SCD fall within a vulnerable, at-risk population. This population may face greater social barriers that lead to missed or late diagnosis and therefore delayed management, significantly increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. Screening tools such as state newborn screens help to identify the diagnosis early. However, patients in vulnerable, at-risk populations who are not established in the health care system may not receive timely communication about their illness and necessary next steps for care. We present a case of a 12-month-old female who is an example of one of the many patients who despite having undergone newborn screening, fell through the cracks due to social barriers including housing instability, food insecurity, and lack of access to transportation. This paper emphasizes the need for and provides a real example of the benefit of access to longitudinal primary care for vulnerable patients. We also demonstrate the role of primary care in clearing the care gaps and coordinating services quickly to ultimately prevent life-threatening complications specifically for children with previously undiagnosed chronic illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON CONTRIBUTED PAPERS.
- Author
-
Jocher, Katharine, Tappan, Paul W., and Winston, Ellen
- Subjects
NEWSPAPER sections, columns, etc. ,PERIODICALS ,REPORT writing ,SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIETIES - Abstract
The 1946 Committee on Contributed Papers of the American Sociological Society, has several suggestions to offer: If sufficient interest is shown in the Section of the contributed papers published in a section of the periodical "American Sociological Review," the section should be continued, since it gives opportunity for younger men and women to appear on the program and become known to the Society. More- over, it stimulates the interest of the younger sociologists in the meetings. This year 20 papers were submitted; last year there were only 8. An opportunity to appear on the program of the Society, together with the possibility of publication in the periodical apparently is desired, as evidenced not only by the number of papers submitted but by the fact that both years every participant, upon the acceptance of his manuscript, has immediately signified his intention of being present to read his paper. It would be well for the Committee to be appointed early enough for it to get well underway in the spring. During the last two years, the Committee has been handicapped by not getting underway until the summer or fall.
- Published
- 1947
36. Toward a New Rural Typology: Mapping Resources, Opportunities, and Challenges.
- Author
-
Khalaf, Christelle, Michaud, Gilbert, and Jolley, G. Jason
- Subjects
MACHINE learning ,ECONOMIC development ,ACADEMIC debating ,RURALITY - Abstract
While the concept of rurality has been debated in academic and professional literature for decades, less research has been done on a practical typology that can guide localized economic development strategies. This paper adds to the growing body of literature in search of a more nuanced definition of rural by applying unsupervised machine learning (ML) to the abundance of existing county-level data in the United States. The authors illustrate how this method can lead to a new county typology, named after economic development strategies, that accounts for idiosyncrasies in resources, opportunities, and challenges. This research serves as a practical step toward tractable, heterogeneous classifications that can inform the work of federal, state, and local policy makers, economic development practitioners, and many others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Terrorism Bill's Sparse Paper Trail May Cause Legal Vulnerabilities.
- Author
-
Palmer, Elizabeth A.
- Subjects
COUNTERTERRORISM ,CIVIL rights movements - Abstract
Reports on constitutional concerns and legal challenges faced by the anti-terrorism bill which was signed into law by United States President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001. House and Senate vote on the legislation; Purpose of the law; Reaction of civil liberties groups to the law; Details of the process used by the Congress to enact the law.
- Published
- 2001
38. A Long, Nuanced Paper Trail.
- Author
-
Nather, David
- Subjects
- *
PRESIDENTIAL candidates , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *NATIONAL security , *ENERGY policy , *MEDICAL care , *EDUCATION ,UNITED States presidential elections - Abstract
Profiles U.S. Senator John Forbes Kerry, the Democratic presidential candidate for the presidential election in November 2004. Foreign policy credibility; Overview of his national security plans; Strategies for fighting terrorism; Discussion on his economic plan and energy policies; Analysis of his vision for health care and education.
- Published
- 2004
39. Surviving Job Loss: Papermakers in Maine and Minnesota.
- Author
-
Gabe, Todd
- Subjects
PAPER industry workers ,UNEMPLOYED people ,NONFICTION - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. EXPANDING AND DECLINING FIELDS IN AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY.
- Author
-
Simpson, Richard L.
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGY ,TRENDS ,WORLD War II ,EXPERTISE - Abstract
The article reports some trends in the relative emphasis devoted to different specialties within the field of sociology in the U.S. since World War II. According to the author, sociology has grown since World War II in the number of courses taught, the number of people who make their living as sociologist and the amount of research done. The field has expanded so rapidly that virtually all special areas of interest within the field have shared in the general growth. As proportions of the total, however, some areas of specialization have gained at the expense of others. In the article sources of information used to asses trends in sociology include fields of interest listed by members for American Sociological Association directory, papers read at annual meetings of the Association, papers published in the journal "American Sociological Review" and course listings in college catalogs. The author states that in analyzing and interpreting the data, he had to make certain assumptions, which may be debatable. The author makes no ambitious claims for the absolute validity of interpretations.
- Published
- 1961
41. JOURNAL PUBLICATION RECORDS AS A MEASURE OF RESEARCH PERFORMANCE IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS.
- Author
-
Gordon, Michael E. and Purvis, Julia E.
- Subjects
PUBLICATIONS ,INDUSTRIAL relations ,PERIODICALS ,SCHOLARS ,EMPLOYEE promotions - Abstract
Using data from the Social Sciences Citation Index Journal Citation Reports, this study tracks the publication records of 788 scholars in the four U.S. industrial relations journals that have the most frequently cited articles in the field, as well as in eight top journals in related fields, for the period 1983-88. The authors construct percentile rankings for these published scholars based on the number of articles published. They argue that such an analysis could provide university review committees with one fairly objective measure of "research excellence" for use in promotion and tenure decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Reduced Incidence of Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Internal Brace Augmentation.
- Author
-
Daniel, Adam V., Wijdicks, Coen A., and Smith, Patrick A.
- Subjects
PREVENTION of surgical complications ,SUTURING ,REPORTING of diseases ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament ,LOG-rank test ,ADHESIVE tape ,SURGICAL complications ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,MANN Whitney U Test ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,CASE-control method ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,COMPARATIVE studies ,AUTOGRAFTS ,REOPERATION ,CHI-squared test ,KAPLAN-Meier estimator ,QUALITY of life ,ANTERIOR cruciate ligament surgery ,DATA analysis software ,BIOMECHANICS ,ORTHOPEDIC apparatus ,PATIENT safety ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Background: Revision rates and outcome measures after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with suture tape as an internal brace is not well-documented because of the emerging nature of the technique. Hypothesis: ACLR with internal bracing (IB) would lead to decreased revision ACLR compared with traditional ACLR while exhibiting comparable patient outcomes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 200 patients were included in this study. Patients aged between 13 and 39 years at the time of surgery who underwent primary autograft ACLR with IB between 2010 and 2020 and were enrolled in our institution's registry with a minimum of 2-year follow-up were identified and matched 1 to 1 with a non-internal brace (no-IB) group based on concomitant procedures and patient characteristics. Pre- and postoperatively, patients completed the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Marx activity rating scale, Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey, and visual analog scale for pain. Knee laxity measurements via the KT-1000 arthrometer were included in the pre- and postoperative objective clinical assessments. Results: A total of 100 IB patients were matched with 100 no-IB patients based primarily on concomitant procedures and secondarily on patient characteristics. The IB group underwent significantly fewer revision ACLRs (1% vs 8%; P =.017). Even though the no-IB group had a significantly longer mean final follow-up time (48.6 months [95% CI, 45.4-51.7] vs 33.4 months [95% CI, 30.3-36.5]; P <.001), the time elapsed from the original ACLR to the revision did not differ significantly between groups, and the mean ages for the IB and no-IB groups were comparable (19 vs 19.9 years). All postoperative patient-reported outcome scores between the 2 groups were comparable and significantly improved postoperatively except for the Marx score, which significantly decreased stepwise for both groups postoperatively. KT-1000 measurements significantly improved in both groups after surgery with the IB and no-IB cohorts yielding comparable results at the manual maximum pull (0.97 vs 0.65 mm). Conclusion: ACLR with IB resulted in a significantly decreased risk of revision ACLRs while maintaining comparable patient-reported outcomes. Therefore, incorporating an internal brace into ACLR appears to be safe and effective within these study parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Abstracts of semifinalists' papers.
- Subjects
REHABILITATION of people with alcoholism ,MEDICINE awards - Abstract
Presents an abstract of the paper `Exercise Therapy for Rehabilitation of the Alcoholic Patient,' by Ann McConville-Vint, a semifinalist paper in the contest for the 1989 Secretary's Award for Innovations in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention.
- Published
- 1990
44. Parity, on Paper And in Practice.
- Author
-
ADAMS, REBECCA
- Subjects
HEALTH care industry ,MENTAL health services ,HEALTH insurance ,INSURANCE companies - Abstract
The author examines how the U.S. healthcare act might limit oversight effectiveness for expansive mental health coverage. It notes the healthcare law's provisions for equal insurance coverage for mental health and substance abuse cases, and the need for insurers to understand and comply with complex federal parity rules. The article cites a concern that insurers might not get accurate information on coverage needs as they try to meet the deadline set by regulators for benefits proposals.
- Published
- 2013
45. Origins of the AIDS viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2: fact or fiction? Discussion paper.
- Author
-
Seale, John
- Subjects
AIDS ,HIV ,EPIDEMICS ,EPIDEMIOLOGY - Abstract
The article discusses the controversy regarding the origins of the AIDS viruses, HIV-1 and HIV-2. According to some theories and explanation, HIV-1 and HIV-2 are ancient human viruses originated in central and west Africa which spread throughout Europe. In addition, it is plausible that AIDS epidemic started through a hostile power in 1970 in the U.S.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Editors Appointed for American Educational Research journal's Teaching, Learning, and Human Development Section.
- Subjects
PERIODICAL editors - Abstract
The article announces the appointment of Arlette Ingram Willis and Violet J. Harris as coeditors of the "American Educational Research Journal's" Teaching, Learning and Human Development Section (AERJ-THLD).
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Evaluating the Association of Face Covering Mandates on COVID-19 Severity by State.
- Author
-
Strand, Mark A., Shyllon, Omobosinuola, Hohman, Adam, Jansen, Rick J., Sidhu, Savita, and McDonough, Stephen
- Subjects
MEDICAL masks ,COVID-19 ,ANALYSIS of variance ,RESEARCH methodology ,PUBLIC health ,CHI-squared test ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Objective: During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, mitigation measures were implemented on a state-by-state basis. Governors were responsible for establishing interventions appropriate for their states and the timing of implementation. This paper evaluated the association between the presence and timing of a mask mandate and the severity of the COVID-19 epidemic by state. Methods: The states were divided into 3 categories based on when the governors of each state implemented a mask mandate: Early (mask mandate implemented between March 2020 and June 2020), Late (July 2020-December 2020), and Never (no mask mandate implemented). The rates of hospitalizations and mortality (per 100 000) were assessed at the different time points during the pandemic across these categories from March to December 2020. Results: The mortality rates across all 3 groups were observed to be highest in the beginning and toward the end of the pandemic in 2020 with the peak observed in the Early group between April and May 2020. Also, the rates of hospitalization increased steadily across all groups. The Early mask group was comprised of 86.7% and 13.3% states with Democratic and Republican governors respectively, and no states in the Never category had Democratic governors. Conclusion: These results support the benefit of implementing a mask mandate to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of political affiliation of governors on that impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. HOW SUCCESSFUL HAVE TRADE UNIONS BEEN? A UTILITY-BASED INDICATOR OF UNION WELL-BEING.
- Author
-
PENCAVEL, JOHN
- Subjects
LABOR unions ,COLLECTIVE bargaining ,WELL-being ,LABOR movement ,LABOR market ,LABOR union members - Abstract
Can conventional economic analysis help in defining and measuring the success of labor unions? In this paper, a general indicator of union welfare is proposed and particular expressions for the wage and employment objectives of unions are rearranged to derive measures of union success or welfare. These indicators combine two measures: union density and the relative union-nonunion wage gap. The indicators are applied to describe the movement of union welfare in the United States over the past eighty years, the differences in union success among groups of U.S. workers, and the variation in union well-being across countries. The results suggest that U.S. unions' success peaked in the 1950s and 1960s; they have tended to benefit black workers, especially black men, more than other groups; and in recent decades a very low unionization rate has contributed to make them less successful, overall, than unions in other countries with similar labor markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Serious Games as a Complementary Tool for Social Skill Development in Young People: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
- Author
-
Zheng, Lucy R., Oberle, Catherine M., Hawkes-Robinson, W. A., and Daniau, Stéphane
- Subjects
SOCIAL skills ,SOCIAL learning ,SOCIAL impact ,GAMES - Abstract
Background: The use of games for social skill development in the classroom is accelerating at a tremendous rate. At the same time, the research surrounding games designed for teaching social skills remains fragmented. This systematic review summarizes the current existing literature on social skill serious games for young people ages 5 to 19 and is the first review of serious games to note the demographic and geographic component of these studies. Method: This review included papers that: evaluated a game designed to teach social skills ; included measurable, quantitative outcomes; have a translation or be published in English; were peer-reviewed; date from January 2010 to May 2020; and have a nonclinical study population between ages of 5 to 19. Keywords were obtained from the CASEL 5 framework. Results: Our findings are mixed but suggest that serious games may improve social skills when used alongside in-person discussion. We also found potential effects of the length of time of gameplay, intervention, and follow-up on social skill serious game effectiveness. Although this review found promising research conducted in East Asian countries and with minority samples in the United States, the majority of social skill serious game research takes place in the United States and Australia, with unreported demographic information and white-majority samples. Conclusions: Due to the limited number of published studies in this area and studies lacking methodological rigor, the effectiveness of using games to teach social skills and the impact of background on social skill learning require further discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. WAGE AND INJURY RESPONSE TO SHIFTS IN WORKPLACE LIABILITY.
- Author
-
Butler, Richard J. and Worrall, John D.
- Subjects
TORT liability of corporations ,WORKERS' compensation laws ,EMPLOYERS' liability ,COMMON law ,WAGES - Abstract
This paper examines the impact of a monumental change in tort liability law, the Federal Employers' Liability Act (FELA) of 1908. This shift from common law, by changing the way injured workers were compensated and the compensating wage differentials for risk bearing, set the stage for workers' compensation and other no-fault systems. Focusing on the New Jersey railroad system, the authors examine three periods: the pre-FELA years of 1900-1908; 1909-11, when the FELA laws were the only changes in the common laws affecting some railroad workers; and 1912-16, when both FELA and workers' compensation laws affected railroad workers. They find that as liability shifted to railroad companies, accident rates fell for three occupational groups who worked outdoors, but rose for railroad "craft" employees (who worked indoors in shops). They also find that wages shifted for all four of the major occupational groups as predicted by their model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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