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Spatial point pattern analysis usually concerns identifying features in an observation window where there is also noise. This identification traditionally begins with studying the second-order properties of the point pattern, and it may be done locally by using local second-order characteristics (LISA). Some properties of this local structure solve the problem of classification into feature and clutter points. This paper proposes an estimator for local pair correlation LISA functions, discusses some of its properties and considers a particular distance to measure dissimilarities. Two classification procedures to separate feature from clutter points are described. One of them adopts multidimensional scaling and support vector machines, and the other employs bagged clustering. Simulations demonstrate the performance of the method, and it is applied to a dataset concerning earthquakes in a seismic nest located in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general terms, computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is a new educational paradigm that includes the use of technology to support learning activities. These CSCL environments can be used in a number of subjects (e.g. science, mathematics, language). As CSCL not only involves the implementation of technology or the design of online educational content, researchers have proposed inclusive models which highlight different dimensions of CSCL as a process. These models can then guide CSCL educators and designers improve the design, the experience, the management, and the evaluation of CSCL. However, the use of these models still needs to enable different CSCL stakeholders reflect on the values, purposes and impacts of their efforts. This paper presents a systemic framework that facilitates exploration of the inter-connections between the different aspects of CSCL, and enables a preliminary evaluation of its impacts in a particular context of application. The framework is then used to evaluate a Colombian CSCL project in the area of mathematical problem-solving (MPS). We report on the achievements of this project and in future possibilities to improve CSCL efforts in Colombia and elsewhere. These suggestions can help educators and other CSCL stakeholders to be sensitive and to respond to particular contextual conditions which can contribute to the success of CSCL initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family policy initiatives in Colombia and Ecuador have targeted primarily families living in poverty. This paper discusses some of the major policy initiatives oriented to improve the living conditions of economically disadvantaged families in both countries. We argue that, even though governments recognize the importance of family policies, existing policies and programs for families living in poverty do not directly focus on family issues. They represent more implicit than explicit family policies. We analyze some of the issues that may hinder the development, implementation, and evaluation of family policies in Colombia and Ecuador. Such issues stem from political and economic instability, legislation, changing family demographics, as well as coordination among agencies that develop, implement, and evaluate policies. We discuss challenges related to family policies in both countries and recommendations to improve existing policy initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]