FitzGerald, David S., Cook-Martín, David, García, Angela S., and Arar, Rawan
Subjects
IMMIGRANTS, IMMIGRATION law, IMMIGRATION policy, RACE discrimination, HUMAN settlements, SOCIAL integration, EMIGRATION & immigration
Abstract
Pre-arrival integration tests used by European countries suggest discriminatory measures subtly persist in immigration laws. This paper draws on a comparison across the Americas and Europe to identify and explain historical continuities and discontinuities in ‘assimilability’ admissions requirements. We attribute legal shifts at the turn of the twenty-first century to the institutionalised delegitimisation of biological racism and the rise of permanent settlement immigration to Europe. Efforts to reduce Muslim immigration largely motivate contemporary European policies, but these policies test putative individual capacity to integrate rather than inferring it from a racial group categorisation, as did historical precedents in the Americas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
EMIGRATION & immigration, PHYSICAL anthropologists, ANTHROPOLOGY, HISTORY of the Americas
Abstract
This paper lay emphasis on cranial remains in ancient New World which establishes the pre-historic presence of Africoid types in the Western hemisphere. This evidence suggests that even before the great mongoloid migrations via the Bering Straits, a black element, variously designated by physical anthropologists as proto-negroid and pseudo Australoid entered both the Northern and Southern halves of the American continent. The general history of early America is universally written in two phases, that of the pre-Columbian Indian native and that of the post-Columbian European colonization.
Due to the growing mobility of athletes and coaches, cultural transitions have recently emerged as a distinct area of interest within athletic career development literature. The purpose of the present study was to extend understanding of cultural transitions by investigating the experiences of transnational athlete migrants within European American Football. Nine male athletes who had crossed national borders to play at least one full season of American Football in Europe were interviewed twice with a focus on discerning narrative meaning-making associated with the choice to migrate and the consequences of these narratives for cultural adaptation and engagement with the host site. Through thematic narrative analysis, we identified three narrative types, "a step across the pond: fleeing America", "a step up: proving myself", and "vehicle for travel: it's a paid vacation", each representing different life themes that had implications for adaptation and well-being. The findings challenge dominant discourses regarding the reasons why athletes migrate while tracing different ways in which adaptation and belonging can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
HUMAN migrations, EMIGRATION & immigration, POPULATION geography, DUTCH people, JEWS, PENNSYLVANIA Dutch
Abstract
This essay presents an overview of 200 years of demographic consequences of Dutch presence in the Western Hemisphere. It starts with an overview of the Dutch Atlantic World and its settlements. The second section deals with the European Atlantic migration from the Dutch Republic in comparison with the human needs of the Dutch East India Company. In more detail, it addresses the Jewish Diaspora and the migration of the so-called Pennsylvania Dutch to the New World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]