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This article focuses on Great Britain's ambiguous stand over Algeria and the uncomforts it brought to the British embassy in France. For the first four years of the Algerian War, British ministers and officials reciprocated that while supporting the French position in North Africa they will not support their policies. But with successive conservative governments, there was a shift in the policy as they sought to sustain France in North Africa because of the impact that long term insurgency in Algeria would have on Western defense. Concerned about the prospective decline of Western influence in North Africa that could open the way for the communism and further add humiliation for France coming on the heels of Indochina, the whole scenario could lead to a "neutralist" government in Paris, which was unfavorable to Western alliance. Besides this, Britain's own foreign interests led it to wish to limit the spread of Arab nationalism and to avoid being tarred with the colonialist brush. The ambiguity of Britain's position led to shifting policies, which made the job of UN Ambassador in Paris, Gladwyn Jebb particularly difficult.

Focuses on the inscription of Angkor on the World Heritage List in December 1992. Description of the site and its temples; Historic value of the site; Role of the French government in developing the site and in the site's universal recognition; Display of major documents on Khmer art at the Universal Exhibition in Paris, France in 1878; Establishment of an Indochine Museum at the Tracadero; Success of the efforts of the French government to return Angkor to the Kingdom of Cambodian in 1907.

Focuses on the issues concerning the development of a French policy for Africa. Reformulation of development aid; Use of Africa to promote a positive image for France; Partial collapse of French influence in Francophone Africa; Multilateral management of Africa's political crisis; Framework for good economic governance.

Reports on the state of archival research regarding French foreign policy among post-1945 historians as of October 2001. Observations of historian Alan Milward on the accessibility of French archival resources; Comparison on archival systems in Europe; Steps in researching French foreign policy.

Recognition at the full professional level of engineers coming from two different countries with totally different systems is a very difficult task. However, in the context of globalization of all human activities, particularly engineering services, it is essential that well-developed countries take very serious efforts using an open-minded approach to establish the parameters that will permit the ultimate objective of international recognition to be achieved. While there are many ways to move toward this objective, one recognized method of making very important steps is certainly the signature of mutual recognition agreements by major players in the trade of engineering services. In this context, this paper presents the features of a bilateral agreement that has been signed between France and Canada for the recognition of engineers at the full professional level from both countries. This agreement is the first of its kind for Canada. Many features of the agreement are worthy of note for others trying to identify the parameters to achieve an agreement between two countries having very different systems. How this success was achieved is explained, giving full attention to those factors that contributed to the conclusion of this agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the relations between France and Africa. Decolonization in French Black Africa; Characteristics of French African policy; Strategic interests of France in Africa.

Examines the improvised nature of the French political and military entities established in London, England in 1940. Details on the dissident regime in London; Factors that resulted in a war of successive decrees pertaining to the place of the Free French secret services within the government hierarchy; Event that marked a radical modification of the traditional system which prevailed during the Third Republic in London.

Argues that there is a classic French geopolitical stance which has conserved a part of its characteristics over centuries and which can be compared to the attitudes of other European states. Significance of the relative positions of different kinds of empire to Western European states; Information on the relationship between France and Africa; Characteristics of the European Union in terms of international relations; Categories of violent conflicts.

Elaborates on the crises of relations between France and the Soviet Union from 1917 through 1927. Struggle of civilization against barbarism and all free nations; Background on the foreign intervention and civil war in Russia; Desire of Soviet Union government officials to have better economic and political relations with France.

This article considers recent changes in France's assistance programme to black Africa. It looks at the historic logic underpinning France's aid policies and structures; examines the latest reforms; and attributes these to the election of a reformist socialist government, a favourable political climate, globalisation and the constraints of EMU. The main obstacle to reform is said to be President Chirac who remains attached to the old logic of French African relations. Ultimately, however, it is not the struggle between modernisers and traditionalists but pressures from France's African and European partners which will determine the future of French aid policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explains the peace operations doctrine of France since the end of the Cold War. Effect of the alignment of France's military operations with the United Nations; Contribution of the role of France as one of the five permanent members of the Security Council; Perception on the reduction of French status and influence from the empowerment of the General Assembly.

Evaluates the triple alliance negotiations between Britain and France that provided Molotov's formal introduction to the diplomatic world. How the two sides approached the negotiations; Stages of the negotiations; Conclusion.

Compares the relationship of Central Asian states with the Russian Federation and Francophone Africa with France. Resistance to independence; Consideration of Central Asia and Francophone as artificial creations; Factors impending the nation building of Central Asia; Effect of world trade on Francophone efforts to establish regional structures.

Analyzes French foreign policy and policymaking with regard to the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia from 1991 to 1995. Ramifications of French foreign policy on the Yugoslav crises; Evolution of French policy toward the former Yugoslavia; Discussion on foreign policy and the counter-elites.

Cites the Algerian migrant community in France to illustrate the ways in which transnational ties are maintained and solidarity is mobilized in times of extreme crisis. Reactions in France to the political violence in Algeria; Women's role during violent conflicts; Transnational civil society.

Examines how the dynamics of the relationship between France and the Armenians in Syria during the French Mandate led to its failure. Partnership between French and Armenians following the First World War; Persecution and mass deportation of Armenians from Turkey; Emigration of Armenians into Syria; Displacement of Syrian laborers by Armenians; Decline of French support for Armenians.

Focuses on the tension between France and the United States. History of Franco-American relations; Argument over the Bill Clinton administration's campaign to replace Boutros Boutros-Ghali as United Nations Secretary General; Madeleine Albright's visit of Paris in February 1997; Disagreement over the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Examines the development of enemy concepts in France and Germany between 1871 and 1914. Aggression and decline; Factors that contributed to the development of an enemy concept in France; Revenge and the enemy concept; Cultural exponents of revenge.

Discusses the Zionist demands which were regarded by the French as a threat to French interests in Syria that should be resisted. Guidelines in anticipation of a French-Zionist conflict; High Commissioner of Syria H. de Jouvenel's offer of a proposal for a Jewish settlement in Syria.

Discusses the aspects of the French negotiation that produced the Asia Minor Agreement of 1916, the Sykes-Picot Agreement. French knowledge of England's parallel contacts with Sherif Hussein of Mecca; French policy perspective to the Zionist question and to Britain's 1917 issuance of the Balfour Declaration; Nahum Sokolow's dealings with the French government in 1917 and 1918; Diplomatic career of Francois Georges-Picot.

Examines French military activity in the Levant leading to the uprooting of the Sharifian government. San Remo Conference of 1920 granting France the Syrian mandate; Coronation of Faysal as king of Syria; French Premier Millerand; General Goraud, head of the French administration in Syria; Start of Hostilities; French entry in Damascus; Pro-French Durubi government.

Focuses on the role of engineers as military spies in Great Britain. Visits of the French engineers in the British Isles; Disclosure of report on the foreign relations between France and England; Participation of both countries in the American War of Independence.

Focuses on the competition between Great Britain and France to sell small arms to Latvia, and how the competition affected the Cordon Sanitaire, a security system established by France and Britain. Studies on political and military affairs in the Baltic region; Passage of the Latvian Naval Defense Law in 1924; Details on the competition between the two countries.

The article focuses on the Franco-Romanian relations and the arms sales of France to Romania during the 1920s and 1930s. The author explains that one motive of the French government in selling arms to Romania is its effort to secure goodwill from the said country. Moreover, he explains that military supplies were part of the currency of France's quasi-imperial influence across southeastern Europe. In the early part of 1930s, equipment orders from the Romanian government were either for surplus or outdated French military equipment or for new and privately-manufactured material.

The article discusses the role of France in Europe after the end of the Cold War and the unification of Germany. Many believe that France was already on the brink of a major redefinition of its role in Europe by early 1991 as a result of Germany's sudden unification and France's limited role in this process. This redefinition of the French role was also partly the result of personal communication between French President François Mitterrand and Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany. These efforts resulted to the Kohl-Mitterrand declaration, which was ignored both by the French public and the political class, because they were overshadowed by events in the Gulf and appeared unrealistic when compared with Europe's response in the Gulf.

The article offers information on Franco-German defense cooperation. It is posed that the recent developments in the arms-control talks between the United States and the Soviet Union have focused on the importance of enhancing West European security cooperation and decreasing dependence on the United States. Moreover, in 1982, these governments established a Franco-German Commission on Security and Defense. Relative to this, France has improved its participation in the forward defense of West Germany. Lastly, the late 1950s to the late 1960s saw more fruitful Franco-German cooperation in armament production.

The article assesses the impact of three distinct types of pressure for regulatory change on the two contrasting sectors of legal and medical service provision. These have been driven by both regional and global integration processes. The article focuses on the distinctive forms of regulatory competition which have developed at the European level, within the framework of a highly managed system of mutual recognition, and on the very different strategies for managing regulatory reform at the national level which have developed in two of the larger member states of the European Union (EU): France and Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When British Prime Minster David Cameron and French President Nicolas Sarkozy signed a Defence and Security Cooperation Treaty just over a year ago, neither could have realised how quickly elements of this closer relationship would be tested. Armed intervention in Libya and economic turmoil in Europe proved early challenges for the treaty's aims. Indeed such has been the stress of recent weeks that a long-planned summit on 2 December to review and renew progress on defence cooperation was postponed. Instead a meeting between the two leaders focused on Europe's economic travails. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Comments on the foreign relations between France and Algeria from 1962 to 2002. Traumas, grudges and inequalities inherited from the colonial period the war for Algerian independence; Analysis of pertinent topics and relevant issues; Implications on the history of modern and contemporary France.

The article reports on issues and topics related astronautics research and development in the U.S. Samos II, a reconnaissance satellite, was successfully fired into orbit by the Air Force on January 31, 1961. The Radio Corp. of America urged the Federal Communications Commission not to give any one company a preferred position in the field of communications satellites. Discussions between officials from the United States and France regarding a plan to launch French satellites with American rockets have started during later part of March 1961.

The article reports international developments related to military defense and strategy. The Council of Ministers of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization held its 10th annual meeting in Paris, France, to discuss the integration of the organization's military forces. France told the Council that it could not be responsible for the defense of Europe unless it commanded an integrated military organization. In other developments, Great Britain has announced that its four rocket bases armed with a total of about 60 U.S. rockets, were ready for activation and service when the need arise.

The article reports global developments related to nuclear warfare and disarmament. On The Soviet Union sent notes to the U.S., Britain, France, India, and China containing a seven-point disarmament plan which included a partial acceptance of President Dwight Eisenhower's open skies suggestion. The proposals called for a nonaggression agreement between North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact countries. The aerial inspection would apply to the part of Europe where most of the NATO and Warsaw Pact military forces are stationed.

Discusses two books on the relations between France and Africa. 'La Francafrique. Le plus long scandale de la republique,' by F.X. Verschave; 'l'Afrique le fire la France.,' by J.-P. Gourevitch.

The article offers information on French security policy. It is posed that by acknowledging France's Gaullist foundation, French security policy has been dynamic in the past years, as the French have adjusted to changes in East-West, European, and transatlantic relations. Moreover, the increasing strikingness of the conventional defense in Europe emphasizes the broader consideration of French security policy. Lastly, questions were posed regarding the future of U. S.-French security cooperation, and the potential of Franco-German cooperation.