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Ensuring safety for vehicle overtaking systems is one of the most fundamental and challenging tasks in autonomous driving. This task is particularly intricate when the vehicle must not only overtake its front vehicle safely but also consider the presence of potential opposing vehicles in the opposite lane that it will temporarily occupy. In order to tackle the overtaking task in such challenging scenarios, we introduce a novel integrated framework tailored for vehicle overtaking manoeuvres. Our approach integrates the theories of varying-level control barrier functions (CBF) and time-optimal model predictive control (MPC). The main feature of our proposed overtaking strategy is that it is safe-by-construction, which enables rigorous mathematical proof and validation of the safety guarantees. We show that the proposed framework is applicable when the opposing vehicle is either fully autonomous or driven by human drivers. To demonstrate our framework, we perform a set of simulations for overtaking scenarios under different settings. The simulation results show the superiority of our framework in the sense that it ensures collision-free and achieves better safety performance compared with the standard MPC-based approach without safety guarantees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is devoted to exploring proof abilities in Graph Theory of undergraduate students of the Degree in Computer Engineering and Technology of the University of Seville. To do this, we have designed a questionnaire consisting of five open-ended items that serve as instrument to collect data concerning their proof skills when dealing with graphs. We have thus analysed them adapting the methodology for computing the degrees of acquisition of the Van Hiele levels. Our analysis leads to different proof profiles of Graph Theory students whose characteristics provide empirical support to consider proof levels in Graph Theory from the perspective of the Van Hiele model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report findings from a longitudinal study of students' beliefs about empirical arguments and mathematical proof. We consider the influence of an 'Introduction to Proof (ITP)' course and the consequences of the observed changes in behaviour. Consistent with recent literature, our findings suggest that a majority of the thirty-eight undergraduate students in this study do not find empirical arguments convincing, even at the beginning of their ITP course. We use Sankey diagrams to show that, while many were unconvinced by these arguments at the start and end of the course, others began the course endorsing empirical arguments as similar to their own, shifting toward deductive-symbolic arguments by the end. Finally, we consider the value of Sankey diagrams for understanding changes in population behaviours, and the consequences of our work for future research on the role of empirical arguments in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green roofs' (GR) positive impact on indoor thermal conditions in hot areas may have possible negative impacts during hot and cold weather. Most previous studies have focused on GR's positive effects as a standalone strategy without mitigating these side effects of GR application. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of GR and how to mitigate the negative aspects by integrating it with other passive techniques (natural ventilation and thermal insulation). Therefore, this study experimentally compares the seasonal impact of various soil layer configurations, integrated with natural ventilation, on improving Indoor Thermal Comfort (ITC) throughout the day in summer and winter. Field experiments were conducted using two identical validated test boxes. The results revealed that clay soil reduced Indoor Air Temperature (IAT) during the daytime in summer by up to 4.7 and 4°C for low and high soil thickness, respectively. Increasing clay soil thickness improved average IAT during the daytime in summer and winter by up to 6.49% and 2.61%, respectively. Additionally, adding thermal insulation is preferred in winter, while uninsulated soil had a slight positive effect on IAT and Indoor Relative Humidity (IRH) in summer. The use of natural ventilation at night and closed-ventilated systems during the daytime in summer and winter is recommended. Clay soil could save cooling and heating energy by up to 34.8% and 12.18%, respectively. These findings might inform designers by adjusting different GR soil parameters and the importance of natural ventilation in improving multi-seasonal thermal and energy performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combinatorial proofs of binomial identities involve establishing an identity by arguing that each side enumerates a certain set of outcomes. In this paper, we share results from interviews with experienced provers (mathematicians and upper-division undergraduate mathematics students) and examine one particular aspect of combinatorial proof, namely the kinds of contexts that experienced provers used to establish combinatorial proofs of binomial identities. Our findings show that overall, our participants used a variety of contexts in their work; we also demonstrate ways in which previous experiences influenced the contexts they chose, and we offer some instances in which features of a context supported their combinatorial proof production. We offer some theoretical implications of our work, and we conclude with a discussion of limitations and avenues for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note we demonstrate two instances where matrix multiplication can be easily verified. In the first setting, the matrix product appears as matrix element concatenation, and in the second, the product coincides with matrix addition. General proofs for some results are provided with a more complete description for $ 2 \times 2 $ 2 × 2 matrices. Suggested for consolidation of the algorithm rather than as an introduction, we believe the example base that can be created, combined with an analysis for understanding the context, acts as a positive motivator to secure mastery as it needs to be practised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a given rational number r, a classical theorem of Niven asserts that if $ \cos (r\pi) $ cos ⁡ (rπ) is rational, then $ \cos (r\pi)\in \{0, \pm 1, \pm 1/2\}. $ cos ⁡ (rπ) ∈ { 0 , ± 1 , ± 1 / 2 }. In this note, we extend Niven's theorem to quadratic irrationalities and present an elementary proof of that. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green roofs can deliver multiple environmental and social benefits by reducing the urban heat island effect, reducing building energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, improving air quality, providing habitat for biodiversity and access to the biophilia effect. Green roofs provide these benefits to differing degrees in different climate zones globally. Despite known benefits, uptake of green roofs has been slow. Different cities, globally, adopt various policies and programmes to increase their green roofs; the question is which approach is best? This research used an in-depth review, site visits and qualitative methods, to determine whether mandatory or voluntary approaches produced greater uptake. Green roof policies and practices from selected global cities, London, Toronto, Singapore, Rotterdam and Stockholm, Sydney and Melbourne were examined. Singapore's voluntary approach led to the greater uptake of green roofs. The mandatory approach taken by Toronto, with financial grants provided meaningful outcomes. London and Rotterdam implemented useful voluntary programmes, and Stockholm required more time to evaluate the effectiveness of its voluntary approaches in increasing green roofs. A voluntary approach for retrofit and a mandatory approach for new build developments are suggested as recommendations for Australian cities. Given the increases in green roofs internationally, similar increases can occur in Melbourne and Sydney in Australia, and these findings may be transferable to other global cities investigating different approaches to the increased adoption of retrofitted green roofs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document from the College Mathematics Journal provides a collection of problems and solutions for college mathematics students and teachers. It encourages active participation by submitting solutions and proposing new problems. The document covers various mathematical topics, including integrals, triangle properties, equations, group theory, and summation. It also includes mathematical proofs, solutions to problems, and discussions on mathematical concepts such as functions, variables, partial orders, and isomorphism. [Extracted from the article]

The lack of acceptable temporal resolution of climate projections hinders proper assessment of the future performance of low-impact development (LID) systems in small catchments when continuous simulations are required (e.g. to evaluate infiltration). This study applied a simulation optimization approach to maximize infiltration with LIDs at minimum costs in a small urban catchment (0.67 km2). We coupled the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) with the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to determine near-optimal locations of bioretentions, green roofs, and permeable pavements. The temporal resolution of rainfall projections was disaggregated from 24 hours to 15 minutes using the Bartlett-Lewis rectangular method to evaluate the performance and robustness of the optimized solutions under different budgets and climate scenarios. Results suggest that LIDs can mitigate climate change impacts with relatively inexpensive solutions. However, the robustness analysis showed that climate change could compromise the expected performance of LIDs sized with historical rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainfall is considered a major input in designing stormwater management measures, especially for any low-impact development (LID) control design. With the impact of climate change, rainfall frequency and its patterns are changing continuously. Quantification of these changes and their impact on the performance of LID design becomes crucial. This paper presents a methodology to quantify the change in rainfall patterns using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) climate model and to select the most feasible LID for a catchment with haphazard development. Interconnected decentralization-based LID controls are evaluated with the objective of emulating a pre-urbanized scenario. The overall analyses indicated that green roof (GR) followed by infiltration trenches (IT), rooftop disconnection (RTD), and permeable pavement (PP) showed better performance. Furthermore, a combination of IT, PP, and RTD accomplishes better efficiency for extreme rainfall events. Implementation of the most feasible combination will provide the additional benefit of water recycle and reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents several activities suitable for a transition to proofs course. In addition, this article surveys literature in support of active learning in the transition to proofs course and discusses how these activities have been successfully implemented in one such course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let f(x) be a polynomial with integer coefficients. We say that the prime p is a prime divisor of f(x) if p divides f(m) some integer m. For each positive integer n, we give an explicit construction of a polynomial all of whose prime divisors are ±1 modulo (8n + 4). Consequently, this specific polynomial serves as an "Euclidean" polynomial for the Euclidean proof of Dirichlet's theorem on primes in the arithmetic progression ±1 (mod 8n + 4). Let be a finite field with p2 elements. We use that the multiplicative group of is cyclic in our proof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although green roofs are considered as a no-regret adaptation measure that helps to address various impacts of climate change, they are still rather rare. This paper explores three major European cities that have policies in place that are supposed to facilitate the installation of green roofs. We ask what approaches were chosen by local authorities to promote green roofs and which factors facilitated their implementation. Our analysis is based on implementation literature in general as well as adaptation policy literature in particular. It combines literature reviews and eleven interviews with policymakers and other stakeholders. The study reveals that immediate threats and particular events (e.g., urban heat islands or floods), an overall social and political environment favoring green solutions, so-called change agents, and a supportive framing determine if green roofs are considered as an attractive solution. However, even when multiple benefits of green roofs are beyond doubt, local governments largely prefer fiscal incentives over mandatory policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent news reports have focused on the so-called collapse of coal, which indeed is in free-fall in many nations. And it's not limited to the news media; an International Energy Agency report said "... Only renewables are holding up during the previously unheard-of slump in electricity use." Coal use is down to record low-levels in the United States. This decrease is also underway for oil and natural gas. Meanwhile, new solar and wind projects are up 4 percent since the start of the year, and the most affordable projects worldwide over the past three years have all been renewable energy installations. These cost trends, and the slow-down in demand for fossil-fuels that came with the COVID-19-induced recession tipped the balance in favor of clean, renewable energy – at least temporarily. But from here on in, much depends on what we do next: How will we respond to this accidental and costly emergency? Will we double-down on pollution and the racial injustices that are inherent with the use of fossil fuels? Or will we use this hiatus to craft a new, green, and job-creating economy? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a recent Mathematical Intelligencer note, B. Chakraborty [A visual proof that $ \pi ^{e} π e < e π . Mathematical Intelligencer, 41(1), 56] provided a visual proof of the inequality $ \pi ^{e} π e < e π . The aim of this classroom capsule is to visualize the more general inequality $ b^a b a < a b , where $ e \leq a e ≤ a < b in an amazing way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mathematical egg hunt is a hands-on activity designed to help students understand mathematical relations in an Introduction to Proofs course. This activity gives students the opportunity to practice selecting which ordered pairs do and do not belong to a given relation in a moderately competitive egg hunt. It is designed to be low-stakes, yet engaging. This type of scavenger hunt activity can be adapted to other classes and topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the notion of proof in clinical psychoanalysis by reconsidering an argument Freud made concerning the relation between successful psychoanalytic treatment and truth, dubbed the "Tally Argument" by the philosopher Adolf Grünbaum. I first reiterate criticisms of Grünbaum's reconstruction of this argument, which bring out the degree to which he has misunderstood Freud. I then offer my own interpretation of the argument and the reasoning that underlies its key premise. Drawing from this discussion, I explore three forms of proof, each inspired also by analogies with other disciplines. Laurence Perrine's "The Nature of Proof in the Interpretation of Poetry" stimulates my discussion of inferential proof, the relevant form of which involves proving an interpretation through a strong enough Inference to the Best Explanation. Mathematical proof stimulates my discussion of apodictic proof, of which psychoanalytic insight is a fitting example. Finally, holism in legal reasoning stimulates my discussion of holistic proof, which provides a reliable means by which therapeutic success can verify epistemic conclusions. These three forms of proof can play a crucial role in ascertaining psychoanalytic truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased urbanization combined with the intensification of short rainfall events has worsened the urban flood issue. Among the different blue-green solutions to mitigate pluvial floods, green roofs (GR) and rainwater harvesting (RWH) have been investigated as sustainable systems to reduce runoff from rooftops. Their flood mitigation capacity, however, has been estimated mostly at building-scale. Following the need to estimate discharge reduction at large scale over entire cities, we simulated the installation of (extensive, intensive and multilayer blue) GRs on flat roofs and RWH systems for sloped ones. Performances of such systems were investigated in selected cities, representing different climate regimes. Although at building-scale GRs showed higher retention capacity, the cost-efficiency analysis highlights that at large-scale RWH tanks ensure higher retention with lower costs, due to rooftop distribution. The coupled system of multilayer blue-GRs and RWH tanks guarantees a discharge reduction of 5% even during extreme events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition, they sometimes have solutions to equations such as Graph HT ht , and they are useful for answering questions such as: When is Graph HT ht divisible by a large power of 2? A I p i -adic integer is a sum such as Graph HT ht where each I d SB i sb i is an integer in the range 0 through Graph HT ht In contrast to the reals, in which two numbers are close when their first several digits are the same, two I p i -adic numbers are close when their last several digits are the same. I i is I holonomic i if there is a smooth periodic function I f i ( I t i ) such that Graph HT ht . [Extracted from the article]

Needle-shaped Mn-Zn bimetallic nanoparticles were prepared using wet chemical synthesis through hydrothermal method. Mn-Zn obtained product was analysed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM and TEM analyses provide information regarding morphology of synthesised product. Results revealed Mn-Zn product is obtained as needle-shaped particles with thin and pointed edges. The synthesised bimetallic product was subjected to XRD analysis for composition and structural analysis. XRD results confirm the crystalline nature of product and further revealed lattice parameters and diffraction plane values. Bimetallic nanoparticles having unique properties are emerging materials in variety of applications because of synergistic effect. Photocatalytic and thermal catalytic degradation of Acid green 25 in aqueous media was catalysed in the presence of synthesised Mn-Zn as catalyst. Effect of parameters such as catalyst dose and H2O2 concentration on rate of degradation is also investigated. Mn-Zn showed more than 93% degradation at optimised conditions. Thermodynamic and kinetic evaluation of degradation is also discussed. Mn-Zn nanoneedles are further used as fuel additives to investigate physical and combustion properties of modified fuel. Efficiency of modified fuel is checked by studying fuel parameters at various Mn-Zn dosage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the residues of green coffee waste were probed for elimination of the toxic anionic dyes Congo red and Eriochrome Black-T taken from the water phase after washing with de-ionised water, and followed by drying at up to 150°C in an air oven for 3 h. In their dried form, the residues of green coffee waste, before and after adsorption of anionic dyes, were characterised by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX). The FT-IR findings showed that the surface of green coffee residues exhibited sufficient oxygen features (O – H, C – O, C = O, C – O – C). The SEM and EDX analyses showed positive adsorption of both the Congo red and Eriochrome Black-T on the green coffee residues. The adsorption output showed that the percentage of removal of CR and EBT had a substantial effect on the pH solution and the maximum removal of both dyes (CR and EBT) obtained at pH-4 and pH-6 respectively. Pseudo-first-order models for CR and pseudo-second-order models for EBT were better suited to the kinetic tests. The EBT adsorption was well defined by the Freundlich isotherm model, while CR adsorption was best suited to the Langmuir isotherm model for green coffee waste residues. CR and EBT have been found to have maximum adsorption capacities of 20.04 and 60.60 mg/g respectively. The EBT and CR adsorption mechanisms mainly involved electrostatic attraction, chemical reactions, pi-pi interactions and hydrophobic force growth. Compared with other crop residues, the adsorbent showed better removal efficiency of dyes, suggesting possible and beneficial use of green coffee waste residues to effectively decontaminate dye-contaminated wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine structures, such as ships and oil platforms, are often subject to green water propagating over their decks and causing overloading. Understanding the spatial and temporal evolution of these events allows estimation of water loads and thus an analysis of the structural dynamics. From this information the design of marine structures can be improved. This article investigates the evolution of green water events on a fixed structure, produced by incoming wave trains in a wave flume. Wave trains were generated with different wavelengths and heights. High-speed video was employed to capture details of the green water flow and image-based methods were used to extract water elevation data for the spatial and temporal analysis. A preliminary evaluation of an engineering convolution approach for capturing the water-on-deck elevations generated by the wave trains is also included. The experimental results were systematically carried out to allow the study of the effect of the wave trains on freeboard exceedance, the distribution of water on the deck, and the green water evolution. The convolution approach reproduced adequately the water elevations in time and space for all the study cases. It also captured the trends of amplitudes and approximated the time at which the peak values occurred, showing potential for further green water analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As we try to understand this tension and its evolution through the next century of European mathematics, we will find that mathematics was something slightly different for the sixteenth century than it is for us, and relearn important lessons about reading old books with modern eyes. Abstracts from past meetings History of mathematics and flight Saturday 2 July 2022 Concorde Centre, Manchester Airport A day of talks about the history of mathematics and flight. Black Heroes of Mathematics Tuesday 4 to Wednesday 5 October Online Repeating the success of the past two years, the BSHM, the International Centre for Mathematical Sciences, the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications, the Isaac Newton Institute, the London Mathematical Society, and the Mathematical Association held a two day conference on Black Heroes of Mathematics. It shall also use the arguments of recent mathematics historiography to establish a place for medieval European arithmetic in the canonical history of mathematics. [Extracted from the article]

This work presents an indoor/outdoor classification system which uses light measurements coupled with machine learning algorithms to predict whether the sensing system is indoors or outdoors. The system measures ultraviolet light, color temperature, luminosity, and red, green, blue, and clear components of light at one-minute intervals using an Arduino-based measurement system. Three machine learning algorithms - support vector machine, artificial neural network, and bagged tree - were trained and tested using experimentally collected sensor data from multiple locations, dates, and times. A comparison of these classifiers revealed superior classification performance of the bagged tree classifier (>99%) compared to the other two algorithms. Each of the presented classifiers offered high estimation performance (>96.9%) in all the considered cases with cross-validation. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using light measurements alone to predict indoor or outdoor condition, which has practical applications in psychology research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we aim to characterize a way of proving which can be produced in a primary mathematics classroom and explore the factors that influence these processes and lead to changes in the way of proving. Assuming proving as a socially embedded activity, we conceptualize it as the interplay between 'construction' and 'substantiation' based on a well-established theoretical framework in mathematics education: the commognitive framework. A tangible proving task was designed, based on the idea of operative proofs, and implemented in a fifth-grade classroom in England. We analysed the construction and substantiation which fairly associated with discursive features (word use, visual mediator, narrative, and routine) during the proving process. The results show that the interplay between construction and substantiation developed progressively rather than in a straightforward manner, in which previously constructed narratives are reconstructed or substantiated in a more general context. This finding is relevant to understand the factors that might influence primary students to change the use of examples and the way of proving when used as a communicational means in proving. Our study has implications for possible continuity to proving activities in secondary schools, and thus contributes to advancing the research on proving in primary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a spreadsheet-based model to simulate the hydrological response of a pilot installation of modular tray-based blue roof (BR). The BR is installed on the roof terrace of a building in the Campus of the University of Catania (Italy). The paper firstly describes the results of preliminary field experiments on the pilot aimed at evaluating hydrological parameters used in the model, i.e. the runoff coefficient and the initial abstraction of the terrace, and the evaporation from the BR. Then, the model was applied to 26 precipitation events recorded in the period from 2018 to 2020. Results of the application show a good ability of the model to reproduce the hydrological behaviour of the BR during precipitation events. Finally, the paper discusses limitations of the results obtained and potential for model improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to apply a cost-effectiveness approach to identify optimal Low Impact Development (LID) designs for peak flow management when two specific practices are simultaneously employed: Permeable Pavement (PP) and Green Roofs (GR). Four design parameters were considered, associated with coverage ratios and underlying layer thicknesses of the LIDs. The results showed that optimal costs and parameters were more affected by the level of peak flow reduction than by storms' intensity and duration. The best settings occurred with permeable pavement treating 100% of the adjacent impervious area. In this case, the optimal designs were dominated by smaller coverage ratios (20 to 60%) and deeper (190 to 330 mm) storage layer of PP, combined with a very small or non-existent area of GR. The findings of the present study demonstrate how the optimization of design parameters may lead to more economic LID designs and provide additional guidance for LID practice implementation and to assist in the decision-making process for the most cost-effective and sustainable solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the social and building history of the manor house known as The Vyne are well documented, much less is known about the historic roof structures, and the carpentry and construction techniques used there. Archaeological recording and analysis, including tree-ring dating, of the main areas of the roof complex revealed phases of development, together with features and construction techniques of particular interest. Elements of the early 16th-century roofs survive and demonstrate advances in building techniques and quality of materials. The reuse of early oak timber in later roofs contributes to our knowledge of the earlier buildings on the site and available timber resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in land-use and land-cover (LULC) in urban areas affect the natural environment, especially urban green spaces (UGS). The present study examines the loss of UGS due to LULC transformation at different periods to predict the future vulnerable zone of UGS, based on the 'Pressure-State-Response' framework. To calculate the weight of each factor, a combined Analytical Hierarchical Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method have been used. An integrated multilayer perceptron based artificial neural network and Markov chain (MLP-ANN-MC) model has been employed to predict the UGS vulnerable area in Kolkata. Results indicated that growth rates of built-up area, land-use dynamic degree, change intensity index, and proximity factors are the major responsible for UGS vulnerability. Applying the MLP-ANN-MC model, future vulnerable zones were identified for management and conservation of UGS. The methodology developed and demonstrated in this study expands LULC change analysis and provide a new dimension for UGS vulnerability assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the domestic sector, buildings contribute to about 55% of the total energy consumption for space heating and cooling. In this study, an experiment was carried out using a square shape building prototype made up of laminated plywood with Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) roof. Surface treatment of four types of reflective paints was applied on the RCC roof slab. Their performance was monitored in the summer season (April and May). Based on the peak temperature of interior and exterior roof layers, several important parameters, such as temperature, indoor thermal amplitude, time lag, decrement factor, thermal damping, thermal performance index, peak degree hours and thermal performance of each roof slab, were analysed. The application of cool roofs (CR-1, CR-2, CR-3, and CR-4) shows a significant reduction in indoor temperature (2.1°C–3.2°C), and indoor thermal amplitude (16.10%–27.94%) compared to a standard RCC roof. The drops in peak temperature of exterior and interior roof layers were 4.8°C–6.8°C and 3.9°C–6.3°C, respectively. A significant improvement was achieved in time lag and decrement factor (3–4 h more than the reinforced concrete roof), with energy savings varying from 10.58% to 13.73%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activated carbon signifies extensive carbonized materials of a high degree of porosity and has a wide range of applications. The porous and thermal properties of activated carbon (AC) are primarily dependent on the chosen raw material and synthesis conditions. In this article, the thermophysical properties of twelve waste biomass-derived AC samples are investigated and correlated. These AC samples are synthesized from mangrove and waste palm trunk. The samples are different in terms of carbonization temperature (500 and 600°C), activation temperature (600 to 900°C), and the mixing ratio (4 or 6) of the activation chemical, which is potassium hydroxide. The specific heat capacity of W-AC-C600-A900-K6 is found to have the lowest (0.843 to 1.14 kJ kg−1 K−1), and M-AC-C500-A900-K4 shows the highest (1.18 to 1.86 kJ kg−1 K−1) among the studied samples. Experimental data are fitted with the Green-Perry model with an error of less than 2%. This study also accounts for the comparison of specific heat capacity of studied samples and other adsorbents such as AC obtained from different precursors, silica gels, carbon-based consolidated composites, and metal-organic frameworks found in the literature. Moreover, this study gives the insight to synthesize high-quality AC from unknown biomass sources for a particular application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book belongs to the series Handbooks of Modern Statistical Methods and presents a compendium of 24 papers by 28 leading experts on the problems of modern statistical regression modeling with the Measurement Error (ME) in the covariates. Chapter 7 "Regression calibration for covariate measurement error" provides mathematical justification of this method for linear and high-degree of non-linearity models, with discussion and examples. [Extracted from the article]

Green roofs play a significant role in enhancing the sustainability of urban areas. However, adoption of this technology in many developing countries is slow due to lack of local studies. This study aims to encourage adoption by an assessment in the Philippines with respect to various sustainability indicators, with a cost- benefit analysis of commercially available green roof systems. The green roofs surveyed generally met minimum standards, but performance improvements could translate to more benefits. Cost differences between green and conventional concrete roofs remain significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss a practical method for assessing mathematical proof online. We examine the use of faded worked examples and reading comprehension questions to understand proof. By breaking down a given proof, we formulate a checklist that can be used to generate comprehension questions which can be assessed automatically online. We then provide some preliminary results of deploying such questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the development of robust equations for calculating expected water savings through rainwater tanks, which are dependent on annual rainfall, rainwater demand, tank size and roof area. The city of Brisbane (Australia) was selected for this purpose. A modified version of the earlier developed daily water balance model, eTank was used to calculate annual water savings under different scenarios using daily rainfall data collected from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Several sets of charts on varying roof size, demand, tank size and annual rainfall were produced from the simulated results. Eventually, the sets of charts were converted to a single generalised equation, each for one of the four selected regions in Brisbane. Results from the developed equations were seen matching with the model (eTank) simulated results. Such equations can be easily incorporated into mobile apps or computer programs to help quick calculations for expected water savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green plants can effectively retain atmospheric particle pollution and purify the air. As an important part of the campus ecosystem, they have a significant effect on absorbing atmospheric pollutants and improving the quality of the campus air environment. Six common greening plants were selected as the object in Xiangnan University. The dust retention capacity of plant leaves, leaf micro-structure, and leaf contact angle were measured. The results show that the highest amounts of dust removed by Osmanthus fragrans Lour was 3.451 g/m2, and the least amounts of dust removed by Magnolia denudata Desr. was 1.005 g/m2, and the maximum is 4.148 times of the minimum. The micro-structure of the plant leaf surface affects the amount of dust retention. The plant dust retention capacity with gully of the leaf surface and fluff, stomata, and sawtooth structure is relatively strong; The plant dust retention capacity with smooth, wax layer, leathery, and gully is relatively weak. The leaf contact area of a plant is related to its dust retention ability, that is, when the measured leaf contact angle is <90°, the leaf dust retention ability of the plant is strong. When the blade contact angle is >90°, the dust retention capacity is weak. Many studies have found that green plants can effectively retain atmospheric particle pollution and purify the air. As an important part of the campus ecosystem, few people specially study the campus ecosystem. Many scholars focus on the research on urban street trees and different districts of the city. The object of this study is more in-depth and targeted. Through the analysis of the difference of dust retention ability between common plants in campus, this paper compares and analyzes the influencing factors of the difference of dust retention ability among plants, which is not only related to the external environment but also closely related to the micro-structure characteristics of plant leaves. The research on the dust retention ability of different plants will help to better control dust and atmospheric environmental pollution, improve air quality, and select plants with strong dust retention ability as green plants on campus, which will play an important role in reducing dust pollution on campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speakers and titles: Alastair Compton (Cambridge): I Thomas Willis (1621-1675) i Nigel Aston (Leicester): I The Theologians (1704-1782) i Jim Bennett (Oxford): I Thomas Hornsby (1733-1810) i Christopher Hollings (Oxford): I George Leigh Cooke (c.1779-1853) and Bartholomew Price (1818-1898) i June Barrow-Green (Open): I Augustus Love (1863-1940) i Peter Cargill (St Andrews): I Sydney Chapman (1888-1970) i Mark McCartney (Ulster): I George Temple (1901-1992) and Albert Green (1912-1999) i History of mathematics and flight Saturday 2 July 2022 Concorde Centre, Manchester Airport A day of talks about the history of mathematics and flight. This is somewhat surprising, considering that Somerville had explicitly depicted analytical mathematics as a fertile ground waiting to be farmed. The programme will include two talks by historians of mathematics and astronomy, and three by contemporary astronomers/cosmologists. [Extracted from the article]