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Exposure to the arts is vital to our quality of life, providing opportunities for social connection, engagement with past hobbies and perhaps most essentially in providing the potential for enhanced means of expression. For individuals with dementia and their care-givers, access to the arts can be challenging. This article describes a pilot program designed to enhance access by people with dementia and to provide deeper engagement with artists, therapist s and caregivers. Participants attended music and theater performances with caregivers, then attended workshops designed to deepen the experience. Workshops grouped participants by severity of dementia and measurements of engagement during and after the program were developed to assess the efficacy of the pilot program. Enhanced quality of life was noted for people with dementia and the caregivers who attended the programs with them. This project, the first of its kind, is a starting point. There has not been another to integrate professional musicians of varying genres, with people in the community with Alzheimer' s, and most particularly, by providing after-performance groups that assisted members' processing. Designing programs incorporating the arts as applicable to community-based institutions may expand their impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profound changes in Arctic sea-ice, a growing desire to utilize the Arctic's abundant natural resources, and the potential competitiveness of Arctic shipping routes, all provide for increased industry marine activity throughout the Arctic Ocean. This is anticipated to result in further challenges for maritime safety. Those operating in ice-infested waters require various types of information for sea-ice and iceberg hazards. Ice information requirements depend on regional needs and whether the stakeholder wants to avoid ice all together, operate near or in the Marginal Ice Zone, or areas within the ice pack. An insight into user needs demonstrates how multiple spatial and temporal resolutions for sea-ice information and forecasts are necessary to provide information to the marine operating community for safety, planning, and situational awareness. Although ship-operators depend on sea-ice information for tactical navigation, stakeholders working in route and capacity planning can benefit from climatological and long-range forecast information at lower spatial and temporal resolutions where the interest is focused on open-water season. The advent of the Polar Code has brought with it additional information requirements, and exposed gaps in capacity and knowledge. Thus, future satellite data sources should be at resolutions that support both tactical and planning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on field boundaries known as the Walkhampton Enclosure (WE) in Devon, England, and their possible origins. The authors argue that stratigraphic evidence proves the WE pre-dates the Norman Conquest. They suggest that one boundary line follows a Bronze Age boundary wall, examine the WE's strategic location in relation to defensive watercourses, and explore if the landscape was a royal manor or late Saxon inland. They also discuss the location and historical context of Welltown Farm within the WE and provide insight on the pattern of roads surrounding the area.

The emerging production of ultrathin graphite material is applied to thermal management in a numerical comparison of aluminum and graphite-based plate-fin heat exchangers. Considering anisotropic thermal conductivity in which out-of-plane transport is about two orders of magnitude lower than in-plane values, the ultrathin graphite-based solution outperforms aluminum by rejecting up to 20% more heat on a volumetric basis. Thermal and hydraulic performance is characterized for both solutions over a range of airflow rates in a notional water/air device. Laminar through fully turbulent regimes are considered. Steady and unsteady three-dimensional (3-D) conjugate simulations reveal a faster equilibration rate for the ultrathin graphite-based solution, minimizing thermal lag that must be accounted for in on-demand electronics cooling. Fin optimization studies predict equivalent conductance with graphite at one-tenth the thickness of aluminum. The combination of improved heat rejection, rapid response rate, and low material density make an ultrathin graphite-based solution uniquely suited to aerospace thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses an old route across Dartmoor, England, which is thought to date back to the eighth century. Running from east to west, it is marked by medieval crosses made of granite. It forms part of a road which predates the Norman Conquest, which runs across England from Ashburton into central Cornwall. It is connected with a road in west Devon, which is said to have been significant in terms of military and political control. The relevance of such historic sites for the study of medieval political geography is noted.

The concept and definition of pastoral care in aged care remains ambiguous. This paper reports on the defining characteristics and meaning of pastoral care from the perspective of older recipients, their family members and pastoral care workers. Using a qualitative descriptive approach semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 pastoral care workers and 11 older people. Transcribed data were analysed using NVivo software and coded for emerging themes. The defining characteristics of pastoral care that emerged from analysis of transcribed interviews were: a trusting relationship, spiritual support, emotional support and practical support. Findings also portray the role of the pastoral care worker as spiritual guide, confidante, and emotional and practical supporter acting within a trusting relationship. Future studies should confirm these results by exploring the perceptions of experts in the field of pastoral care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a zone of improved upland pasture some 2 km east of the Cistercian monastery of Strata Florida (Ystrad Fflur), Ceredigion, are the earthwork remains of a 'sheepcote' and four abandoned medieval farms, one probably originating as a monastic sheep-handling station. Documentary evidence and field observation suggest that these farms have preserved their late-medieval forms in a relatively unmodified state. Three were apparently situated along a contemporary ffridd boundary (head dyke) that separated a zone of pasture and perhaps arable land from mountain pasture. We cannot establish the relationship between the 'sheepcote' and the 'farms' through field observation alone, nor do we know the absolute age of the ffridd boundary. Our paper describes and briefly discusses the character and local context of the area defined by the latter. The pattern of land-use is comparable to that in Swaledale (North Yorkshire), an area that has been discussed on the one hand in terms of patterns of townships (hamlets) and their land-use zones, and on the other in terms of monastic enterprise and the identification of 'vaccaries'. In the study of 'monastic landscapes', we risk becoming preoccupied with estate economies and the identification of 'tool-kits', at the expense of dealing with the complexity of relationships between monasteries and local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent work has suggested that pastoralism, nomadic or otherwise, became increasingly important in the British Isles in the second and first millennia B.C. This paper is concerned with explaining this development. It sketches a typology of land use models, pointing out that the pollen records suggest two types of early clearance ‐ large scale and small scale. Estimates are made of potential animal densities in forest feeding situations and in clearings of limited size which are being used for growing cereal crops. It is concluded that specialized pastoralism would have been impossible at an early stage in the typology of forest clearance. Only when open country had become established (a process which may have taken some 500–1,000 years in parts of Britain) would there have been both motive and opportunity for the development of pastoralism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]