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Introduction: Orbital cellulitis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the twenty-first century and it is a condition in which prompt diagnosis and treatment is critical. Orbital cellulitis is the inflammation and infection of the fat and muscles within the eye socket. This disease entity encompasses a spectrum of severity based on the Chandler Classification, from the relatively self-resolving condition of preseptal cellulitis, to the life-threatening cavernous sinus thrombosis. Areas covered: The goal of this review is to summarize the state of the art in diagnosis and management of orbital cellulitis. We will also discuss current areas of debate and potential avenues of future study. An extensive literature search was performed to conduct this review. We focused on the key articles which have changed clinical management of this disease. Expert opinion: Orbital cellulitis is more common in the pediatric population and is usually secondary to sinusitis. Interventions like vaccinations and antibiotics have reduced the burden of orbital cellulitis in the developed world. Increased awareness of the disease, risk stratification, and surgical management have greatly improved outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report a case in of intravitreal silicone oil migration into the inferior orbit. Silicone oil tamponade is commonly used in retinal detachment repair and extrusion into the orbital tissues is very rare. Methods: A 70-year-old male with a remote history of repair of a right ruptured globe and retinal detachment surgery presented with progressive right lower eyelid edema. There was a known history of intravitreal silicone oil instillation and removal. An elective right inferior orbitotomy with excisional biopsy was performed. Results: Histopathology confirmed the presence of silicone oil intermixed with necrotic fat. The patient had excellent cosmetic and functional outcome. Conclusion: The presence of silicone oil within the orbital fat may be a result of increased intraocular pressure and extrusion through presumably water-tight sclerotomy sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 19 year-old African American man presented to our clinic for a second opinion about a right upper eyelid mass which had been recalcitrant to treatment for nonspecific orbital inflammation by an outside facility. Examination for systemic causes of the patients eyelid lesion led to a diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) FAB subtype M1. A subsequent biopsy of the eyelid tumor confirmed the diagnosis of a myeloid sarcoma. The patient succumbed to complications from his leukemia within 13 months of presentation. This case report is the first, to our knowledge, of an eyelid myeloid sarcoma as the presenting sign of AML and demonstrates the poor prognosis of this lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]