Search

To investigate the molecular mechanism of the ADVENTITIOUS ROOTING RELATED OXYGENASE 1 (ARRO-1) gene in adventitious rooting of tree peony, the PsARRO-1 gene was isolated from Paeonia ostii. Subsequently, a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) cDNA library using the split-ubiquitin yeast membrane system was constructed, the insert fragments lengths of pPR3-N membrane Y2H library were mainly concentrated between 500 and 3,000 bp, and the library capacity reached 1.3 × 107 CFUs, with an efficiency of recombinant of 100%, which met the requirements for subsequent screening of PsARRO-1-interacting proteins. Finally, 15 candidate PsARRO-1-interacting proteins were screened out by pBT3SUC-ARRO, among them potassium transporter 2, cytochrome b5 isoform E, and high mobility group B protein 3 (HMGB3) might be involved in the formation of roots. Both direct Y2H and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays confirmed that PsARRO-1 interacted with PsHMGB3, which shared high identity with EgHMGB3 and MiHMGB3. The expression of PsHMGB3 was significantly up-regulated in the root outgrowth stage, and the overexpression of PsHMGB3 in Arabidopsis resulted in lengthened primary roots, more lateral roots. In short, the Y2H library provides a large number of useful resources for functional genomics research on roots of tree peony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate and compare the retention rate, safety, and efficacy of two different lamotrigine (LTG) titration protocols for newly diagnosed epilepsy patients. We retrospectively evaluated newly diagnosed epilepsy patients taking LTG from January 2012 to December 2021. In one titration protocol, LTG was taken once daily; in the other, LTG was taken twice daily. Clinical characteristics, seizure outcomes, adverse effects and patient retention rates were evaluated. A total of 193 patients were included. There was no significant difference in seizure outcomes or adverse effects between patients treated with LTG once daily and twice daily. However, the retention rates were significantly higher in the once-daily group than in the twice-daily group (73.03% and 55.77%, respectively). The effectiveness and safety of LTG were not significantly different between the two different LTG titration protocols groups. However, the retention rate of the patients treated with LTG once daily was higher than that of the patients treated with LTG twice daily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of all the aerobic respiration by-products, cytotoxic superoxide derived from mitochondrial-leaked electrons, is the only one known to be disposed of intracellularly. Is this fate the only destiny for mitochondrial-leaked electrons? When Cynomolgus monkeys were injected intravenously with reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicators, the connective tissues of dura mater, facial fascia, pericardium, linea alba, dorsa fascia and other body parts, emitted specific and intense fluorescent signals. Moreover, the fluorescent signals along the linea alba of SD rats, did not result from the local presence of ROS but from the interaction of ROS indicators with electrons flowing through this tissue. Furthermore, the electrons travelling along the linea alba of mice were revealed to originate from mitochondria. These data suggest that mitochondrial-leaked electrons may be transported extracellularly to a hitherto undescribed system of connective tissues, which is pervasively networked, electrically conductive and metabolically related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the influence of climatic changes on the annual stream flow of the Nu (Salween) River, over the period from 1958 to 2004. While the flow of the Nu River is mainly influenced by precipitation, the role of temperature in governing stream flow appears to be increasing as the climate warms. The first principal component extracted from climatic data accounts for 52.5% of observed variance in stream flow over the period 1958–2004. A transition toward a warmer, more humid regional climate has been ongoing since the 1980s, as evidenced by increases in temperature, precipitation, and stream flow in the Nu River Basin. A continuing trend toward higher temperatures and more intense precipitation will likely lead to increased Nu River stream flow in the future. Synoptic climatology indicates a link between extremes in annual Nu River stream flow and anomalies in atmospheric circulation patterns such as the mid-latitude westerlies and the South Asian Summer Monsoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose:To evaluate the effect of static magnetic fields (SMFs) on insulin secretion and explore the mechanisms underlying exposure to SMF-induced insulin secretion in rat insulinoma INS-1 cells. Materials and methods:INS-1 cells were exposed to a 400 mT SMF for 72 h, and the proliferation of INS-1 cells was detected by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The secretion of insulin was measured with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), the expression of genes was detected by real-time PCR, and the expression of proteins was measured by Western blotting. Results:Exposure to an SMF increased the expression and secretion of insulin by INS-1 cells but did not affect cell proliferation. Moreover, SMF exposure up-regulated the expression of several pancreas-specific transcriptional factors. Specifically, the activity of the rat insulin promoter was enhanced in INS-1 cells exposed to an SMF, and the expression levels of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) and syntaxin-1A were up-regulated after exposure to an SMF. Conclusions:SMF exposure can promote insulin secretion in rat INS-1 cells by activating the transcription of the insulin gene and up-regulating the expression of vesicle-secreted proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The northern Tibetan Plateau has been subject to recent warming far above the global average. With few instrumental climate records available for this region before the 1950s, paleoclimatic reconstructions must be used to understand annual-to-centennial-scale climate variations and local climate response to large-scale forcing mechanisms. We developed a maximum latewood density chronology of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) from the southern slope of the Qilian Mountains, northern Tibetan Plateau. Based on the chronology, we reconstructed August–September temperature for 1780–2008. The temperature reconstruction model accounts for 39.7% of instrumental temperature variance from 1957 to 2008, successfully capturing the most recent warming. Superposed epoch analysis indicated a volcanic forcing for temperature, resulting in pulses of cooler conditions that can persist for 2–4 years. Tree-ring data indicated that warm-dry and cold-wet climate combinations mainly occurred in northern Tibetan Plateau before CE 1900, and revealed a clear wetting and warming trend since the 1980s. Our study provides long-term perspective on recent climate change in northern Tibetan Plateau to guide expectations of future climate variability and aid sustainable development, and provides scenarios for climate change adaptation and inputs for climate models representing a broader range of conditions than those of historical climate records. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The polarization characteristics of oblique incidence electromagnetic waves in magnetized cold plasma layer are studied using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method based on the trapezoidal recursive convolution (TRC) technology. The TRC-FDTD formulations are derived in detail and are confirmed by computing the reflection and transmission coefficients for the elliptically polarized wave through a magnetized cold plasma slab with arbitrary magnetic direction. Particularly, when the propagation direction of the EM wave is parallel to the magnetic direction, the right-circular-polarized and left-circular-polarized wave should be considered. When the propagation direction of the EM wave is perpendicular to the magnetic direction, the ordinary polarized wave and extraordinary polarized wave should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The hydrazone ligand, methyl‐2‐pyridyl ketone benzoyl hydrazone (L), and its complexes with rare earth nitrates have been synthesized. These new complexes with the general formula of Ln(L) 2 (NO 3 ) 3 · nH 2 O (where Ln=La, n=5.5; Ce, Pr, n=5; Nd, Eu, n=4) were characterized by mass spectra, elemental analysis, IR spectra, thermal analysis, UV spectra, molar conductivity, and luminescent spectra. All the complexes are stable in air. The results show that the lanthanide ions in each complex are coordinated through oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the ligand, the oxygen atoms of the nitrate, and coordinated water molecules. The amide‐oxygen atoms of L coordinate to the Ln ions in its keto‐form. Tentative structures for the complexes have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]