74 results
Search Results
2. Panmixia in the American eel extends to its tropical range of distribution: Biological implications and policymaking challenges.
- Author
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Ulmo‐Diaz, Gabriela, Engman, Augustin, McLarney, William O., Lasso Alcalá, Carlos A., Hendrickson, Dean, Bezault, Etienne, Feunteun, Eric, Prats‐Léon, Fernando L., Wiener, Jean, Maxwell, Robert, Mohammed, Ryan S., Kwak, Thomas J., Benchetrit, José, Bougas, Bérénice, Babin, Charles, Normandeau, Eric, Djambazian, Haig H. V., Chen, Shu‐Huang, Reiling, Sarah J., and Ragoussis, Jiannis
- Subjects
AMERICAN eel ,FISHERY management ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,POLICY sciences ,GENETIC distance ,GENETIC software - Abstract
The American eel (Anguilla rostrata) has long been regarded as a panmictic fish and has been confirmed as such in the northern part of its range. In this paper, we tested for the first time whether panmixia extends to the tropical range of the species. To do so, we first assembled a reference genome (975 Mbp, 19 chromosomes) combining long (PacBio and Nanopore and short (Illumina paired‐end) reads technologies to support both this study and future research. To test for population structure, we estimated genotype likelihoods from low‐coverage whole‐genome sequencing of 460 American eels, collected at 21 sampling sites (in seven geographic regions) ranging from Canada to Trinidad and Tobago. We estimated genetic distance between regions, performed ADMIXTURE‐like clustering analysis and multivariate analysis, and found no evidence of population structure, thus confirming that panmixia extends to the tropical range of the species. In addition, two genomic regions with putative inversions were observed, both geographically widespread and present at similar frequencies in all regions. We discuss the implications of lack of genetic population structure for the species. Our results are key for the future genomic research in the American eel and the implementation of conservation measures throughout its geographic range. Additionally, our results can be applied to fisheries management and aquaculture of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Assessing the 'forgotten fundamental' in policy advisory systems research: Policy shops and the role(s) of core policy professionals.
- Author
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Migone, Andrea and Howlett, Michael
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy ,POLICY sciences ,PUBLIC administration ,CANADIAN provinces ,CIVIL service - Abstract
During the past 30 years, research on policy analytical capacity's multidimensional nature and the evolution of policy advisory systems (PASs) has both increased knowledge of these processes and structures and opened new avenues of inquiry. While it is clear that changes in PASs in many countries have occurred ‐ featuring processes such as the increased externalisation and politicisation of policy advice ‐ studies of changes among the roles played by core policy professionals in advice provision have lagged. One aspect of this question concerns the nature and extent of changes in this 'forgotten fundamental' of advice systems related to how these professionals are arrayed within 'policy shops'—that is organisational units identified in the 1960s and 1970s as the main organisational home of policy professionals in government. Whether or not such shops have changed from the central‐integrated model identified in early studies and, if so, how, remain outstanding and foundational questions. Recent research in Canada has mapped the distribution of policy professionals at the central and provincial level and found more types of analysts and venues than in earlier eras— which range from the 'classical' integrated policy shops of the 1960s and 1970s which remain in central agencies and single‐purpose line departments to the much more 'distributed' patterns found in many departments dealing with multiple or complex controversial issues. Using Canadian data, this study outlines the development of these organisational types and their distribution in government and discusses the implications of these changes for better understanding the work, and needs, of core professionals in policy advice systems.. Points for practitioners: 'Policy professionals' or public employees specifically tasked with policy analysis in government are key players in policy advisory systems despite the addition of more external and internal actors in policy advice systems in recent years.How these advisors and analysts are organised in government, whether they work in clusters or small groups, and how they interact with other civil servants and policy‐makers are a key determinant of their activities and influence in policy‐making.In the policy sciences, work in the 1960s and 1970s established 'the policy shop', that is relatively small centrally located organisational units employing mainly policy analysts, as the main home of policy professionals in government. These units often enjoyed a monopoly in analysis and played a key role in policy‐making. However, research on these organisations has not kept up with changes in advisory relations within and outside of governments and the impact such changes have had on the influence and activities of core professionals.Recent work by the authors looking at the large Canadian province of Ontario has identified more than a single type of arrangement of analysts in the current era. This paper expands this analysis to both small and large jurisdictions in Canada, including the federal government, and develops two detailed case studies of the current organisation of policy professionals in smaller central agencies like Ministries of Justice as well as in larger omnibus Ministries of the Environment.The study finds a 'distributed' model of policy shops—in which multiple policy units exist throughout the agency—to be dominant in both cases and in all the governments examined and suggests this is now the new normal, replacing the dominance of the older more integrated central shop model. The predominance of the distributed model contributes to the fragmentation of policy advice already underway in government due to the growth in the number of external advisors such as consultants and think tanks, and internal ones such as political staffers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
4. Policy‐making, policy‐taking, and policy‐shaping: Local government responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic.
- Author
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Stoney, Chris, Asquith, Andy, Kipper, Karyn, McNeill, Jeff, Martin, John, and Spano, Alessandro
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COVID-19 pandemic ,LOCAL government ,POLICY sciences ,CRISIS management ,FEDERAL government ,VACCINES ,LOCAL elections - Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic has challenged nations states across the world. They have implemented lockdown and social distancing and with the development of vaccines have gone to great lengths to build herd immunity for their populations. As place managers, local government has played a variety of roles supporting central government edicts related to social distancing and supporting local businesses impacted by lockdowns. The research reported here comparing the role local government has played in Australia, Canada, Italy, and New Zealand shows that they have at different times and for different issues been policy takers from central government, policy shapers, and policy makers adapting national strategies. Local government plays an important complementary role with central governments in both unitary and federal systems of government. The paper contributes to the literature on multi‐level governance, place‐based decision‐making, and disaster and emergency management by offering a framework for analysing municipal roles in crises management both in their relationship with higher layers of government and in their acting as locally placed organisations. Points for practitioners: Cross‐national study: Australia, Canada, Italy, and New Zealand.Examination of local government responses to COVID‐19 pandemic as policy makers, takers, or shapers.Comparison of federal and unitary states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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5. The politics of audit: the federal Office of the Auditor General in comparative perspective.
- Author
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Sutherland, Sharon L.
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AUDITORS ,MERGERS & acquisitions ,LEGISLATION ,ACTIONS & defenses (Administrative law) ,LEGAL judgments ,POLICY sciences ,REPRESENTATIVE government - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1986
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6. Think tanks or clubs? Assessing the influence and roles of Canadian policy institutes.
- Author
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Lindquist, Evert A.
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RESEARCH institutes ,POLICY sciences ,POLICY analysis ,GOVERNMENT policy ,PUBLIC administration ,POLITICAL science ,POLITICAL planning ,PUBLIC interest - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
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7. Foreign policy planning and coordination in Canada: the Policy Planning Staff at External Affairs.
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Balloch, Howard and Angell, David
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POLICY sciences ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,PLANNING ,PLANNERS ,GOVERNMENT policy ,POLICY analysis ,EMPLOYEES - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
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8. The role of unregulated care providers in Canada—A scoping review.
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Afzal, Arsalan, Stolee, Paul, Sanyal, Chiranjeev, Heckman, George A., and Boscart, Veronique M.
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ELDER care ,CINAHL database ,DECISION making ,INTEGRATED health care delivery ,LONG-term health care ,OCCUPATIONAL achievement ,MEDICAL quality control ,MEDLINE ,PATIENT psychology ,PATIENT safety ,POLICY sciences ,SOCIAL role ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,LITERATURE reviews ,THEMATIC analysis ,UNLICENSED medical personnel - Abstract
Aims and objectives: This scoping review explored: (i) the role of unregulated care providers in the healthcare system; (ii) their potential role on interprofessional teams; (iii) the impact of unregulated care provider’s role on quality of care and patient safety; and (iv) education and employment standards. Background: Unregulated care providers in Canada assist older adults with personal support and activities of daily living in a variety of care settings. As the care needs of an aging population become increasingly complex, the role of unregulated care providers in healthcare delivery has also evolved. Currently, many unregulated care providers are performing tasks previously performed by regulated health professionals, with potential implications for quality of care and patient safety. Information is fragmented on the role, education and employment standards of unregulated care providers. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the methods outlined by Arksey and O'Malley (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 2005, 19) and Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien (Implementation Science, 5, 2010, 69). An iterative search of published and grey literature was conducted from January 2000 to September 2016 using Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Google. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify relevant studies published in English. Results: The search yielded 63 papers for review. Results highlight the evolving role of unregulated care providers, a lack of recognition and a lack of authority for unregulated care provider decision‐making in patient care. Unregulated care providers do not have a defined scope of practice. However, their role has evolved to include activities previously performed by regulated professionals. Variations in education and employment standards have implications for quality of care and patient safety. Conclusions: Unregulated care providers are part of an important workforce in the long‐term care and community sectors in Canada. Their evolving role should be recognised and efforts made to leverage their experience on interprofessional teams and reduce variations in education and employment standards. Implications for practice: This study highlights the evolving role of unregulated care providers in Canada and presents a set of recommendations for implementation at micro, meso, and macro policy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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9. Systems thinking perspectives applied to healthcare transition for youth with disabilities: a paradigm shift for practice, policy and research.
- Author
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Hamdani, Y., Jetha, A., and Norman, C.
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FUNCTIONAL assessment ,HEALTH services accessibility ,MEDICAL care ,PARADIGMS (Social sciences) ,POLICY sciences ,VOCATIONAL rehabilitation ,SOCIAL services case management ,TRANSITIONAL programs (Education) - Abstract
Background Healthcare transition (HCT) for youth with disabilities is a complex phenomenon influenced by multiple interacting factors, including health, personal and environmental factors. Current research on the transition to adulthood for disabled youth has primarily focused on identifying these multilevel factors to guide the development of interventions to improve the HCT process. However, little is known about how this complex array of factors interacts and contributes to successful HCT. Systems thinking provides a theoretically informed perspective that accounts for complexity and can contribute to enhanced understanding of the interactions among HCT factors. The objective of this paper is to introduce general concepts of systems thinking as applied to HCT practice and research. Methods Several systems thinking concepts and principles are introduced and a discussion of HCT as a complex system is provided. Systems dynamics methodology is described as one systems method for conceptualizing HCT. A preliminary systems dynamics model is presented to facilitate discourse on the application of systems thinking principles to HCT practice, policy and research. Conclusions An understanding of the complex interactions and patterns of relationships in HCT can assist health policy makers and practitioners in determining key areas of intervention, the impact of these interventions on the system and the potential intended and unintended consequences of change. This paper provides initial examination of applying systems thinking to inform future research and practice on HCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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10. The interaction between policy and research in the implementation of server training.
- Author
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Single, Eric
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,POLICY sciences - Abstract
This paper describes the relationship between research and policy in the development of server training policy in Ontario. With the emergence of civil liability for the conduct of intoxicated patrons, there has been a growing movement toward the training of managers and servers in licensed establishment in the responsible service of alcohol. As part of a major government reform of alcohol regulations which has led to a new Liquor Licence Act, all persons who serve alcohol in licensed establishments in Ontario will be required to attend a server training course. The process leading to new alcohol regulations in Ontario is summarized with particular attention to the implementation of mandatory server training. The paper concludes with a discussion of the role of research in policy development. It is argued that the role of research in policy making is limited by an inherent conflict between the nature of scientific enquiry and the exigencies of policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
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11. Canada's Foreign Investment Review Agency and the direct investment process in Canada.
- Author
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Globerman, Steven
- Subjects
CANADA. Foreign Investment Review Agency ,FOREIGN investments ,CANADIAN economy ,POLITICAL planning ,ECONOMIC impact ,SOCIAL impact ,POLICY sciences ,PUBLIC administration - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
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12. A MICROCONSISTENT DATA SET FOR CANADA FOR USE IN REGIONAL GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM POLICY ANALYSIS.
- Author
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St-Hilaire, France and Whalley, John
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ECONOMIC equilibrium ,STATICS & dynamics (Social sciences) ,GOVERNMENT policy ,POLICY sciences ,SUPPLY & demand - Abstract
This paper describes the sources and methods used in assembling a microconsistent regional data set for Canada for 1981 for use in counterfactual general equilibrium policy analyses focussing on regional impacts of government policies. A microconsistent data set al the regional level requires assembling detailed consistent accounts of production and demand by region, of interregional and international trade flows, and of transactions involving multiple levels of government. For many or most countries, the data requirements associated with regional general equilibrium analysis preclude this form of work. But because of the substantial progress made in recent years in developing provincial data sources in Canada, such as the provincial input-output tables and the provincial economic accounts, the situation in Canada is different. Using these data, it is possible to construct an interregional microconsistent benchmark data set at a suitable level of commodity detail for subsequent model use. This data set has already been used in an initial evaluation of a number of Canadian regional issues (see Trela and Whalley (1985)). The methodology used follows that presented in an earlier paper of ours (St-Hilaire and Whalley (1983)) which described the construction of a 1972 national data set for Canada developed for tax policy analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
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13. From change to stability: Investigating Canada's Office of the Auditor General.
- Author
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Taft, Jordan
- Subjects
CANADA. Office of the Auditor General ,CANADIAN politics & government ,GOVERNMENT policy ,POLICY sciences ,POLITICAL stability ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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14. Trust but verify: Ministerial policy advisors and public servants in the Government of Canada.
- Author
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Wilson, R. Paul
- Subjects
POLITICAL consultants ,CANADIAN politics & government ,POLITICIANS ,POLICY sciences ,CANADIAN province personnel ,PUBLIC officers ,POLITICAL accountability - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Social Capital and the Care Networks of Frail Seniors.
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KEATING, NORAH and DOSMAN, DONNA
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ELDER care ,SOCIAL capital ,OLDER people ,SOCIAL networks ,QUALITY of life ,POLICY sciences ,POLITICAL planning ,PUBLIC administration - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Review of Sociology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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16. Women's perception of self-worth and access to health care
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Chamberlain, J., Watt, S., Mohide, P., Muggah, H., Trim, K., and Bantebya Kyomuhendo, G.
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MEDICAL care research ,WOMEN'S health services ,HEALTH services accessibility ,HEALTH policy ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DECISION making ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,POLICY sciences ,RESEARCH ,SELF-perception ,SURVEYS ,EVALUATION research ,PATIENTS' attitudes - Abstract
Objective: : Research has shown differences in health status and health care utilization related to culture, economic status, and health care development. This paper reports on a study comparing attitudes of women in three countries, at various stages of development, about their own health and self-worth and asks if these differences account for differences in health care utilization and inequities in health status.Method: : A questionnaire, administered to 100 women in each of Yemen, Uganda and Canada, explored women's perception of their own health and health care seeking behavior.Result: : Women's perception of themselves as worthy of care was positively related to utilization. The ability to make one's own health care decisions varied with her country's development level. Implementation strategies must consider women's decision-making capacity.Conclusion: : To achieve improved health status, policies and programs must commit to encouraging appropriate social and cultural changes, using a 'cross-sectoral approach', involving both gender and development issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2007
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17. Policy challenges to implementing extended producer responsibility for packaging.
- Author
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Quinn, Lisa and Sinclair, A. John
- Subjects
POLICY sciences ,FOOD packaging laws ,MANUFACTURED products ,PACKAGING laws ,FOOD laws - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Think tanks, public debt, and the politics of expertise in Canada.
- Author
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Tupper, Allan
- Subjects
RESEARCH institutes ,PUBLIC debts ,PUBLIC finance ,ECONOMIC policy ,POLICY sciences ,POLITICAL parties ,PUBLIC administration ,POLITICAL science - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Bureaucracy and innovation.
- Author
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Nixon, P. G.
- Subjects
BUREAUCRACY ,PUBLIC institutions ,PUBLIC sector ,GOVERNMENT policy ,INNOVATIONS in business ,ORGANIZATIONAL sociology ,POLICY analysis ,POLICY sciences - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. But it's legal, isn't it? Law and ethics in nursing practice related to medical assistance in dying.
- Author
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Schiller, Catharine J., Pesut, Barbara, Roussel, Josette, and Greig, Madeleine
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ASSISTED suicide laws ,EUTHANASIA laws ,ASSISTED suicide ,AUTONOMY (Psychology) ,ETHICS ,EUTHANASIA ,LOBBYING ,NURSES ,NURSING laws ,NURSING ethics ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,POLICY sciences ,RIGHT to die - Abstract
In June 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada struck down the Criminal Code's prohibition on assisted death. Just over a year later, the federal government crafted legislation to entrench medical assistance in dying (MAiD), the term used in Canada in place of physician‐assisted death. Notably, Canada became the first country to allow nurse practitioners to act as assessors and providers, a result of a strong lobby by the Canadian Nurses Association. However, a legislated approach to assisted death has proven challenging in a number of areas. Although it facilitates a degree of accountability, precision and accessibility, it has also resulted in particular challenges negotiating the diverse perspectives of such a morally contentious act. One of these challenges is the tendency to conflate what is legal and what is moral in a modern liberal constitutionalism that places supreme value on autonomy and choice. Such a conflation tends to render invisible the legal and moral/ethical considerations necessary for nurses and nurse practitioners to remain ethical actors. In this paper, we introduce this conflation and then discuss the process of lawmaking in Canada, including the legalization of MAiD and the contributions of nursing to that legalization. We then engage in a hypothetical dialogue about the legal and moral/ethical implications of MAiD for nursing in Canada. We conclude with an appeal for morally sustainable workspaces that, when implementing MAiD, appropriately balance patient choices and nurses' moral well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The hierarchy of evidence in advanced wound care: The social organization of limitations in knowledge.
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Waters, Nicola and Rankin, Janet M.
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CHRONIC wounds & injuries ,CLINICAL medicine ,DECISION making ,HEALTH facility administration ,HEALTH services administrators ,INTELLECT ,INTERVIEWING ,LABOR productivity ,EVALUATION of medical care ,NURSES ,PARTICIPANT observation ,POLICY sciences ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIAL case work ,WOUND healing ,TRAUMATOLOGY diagnosis ,WOUND care ,ETHNOLOGY research ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,SOCIAL services case management ,PATIENT-centered care ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
In this article, we discuss how we used institutional ethnography (Institutional ethnography as practice, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD and 2006) to map out powerful ruling relations that organize nurses' wound care work. In recent years, the growing number of people living with wounds that heal slowly or not at all has presented substantial challenges for those managing the demands on Canada's publicly insured health‐care system. In efforts to address this burden, Canadian health‐care administrators and policy‐makers rely on scientific evidence about how wounds heal and what treatments are most effective. Advanced wound care exemplifies the growing authorization of particular forms of evidence that change the ways in which nurses come to know about and conduct their work. The focus of this paper's nursing inquiry is a critique of registered nurses' wound work as it arises within the established uptake of scientific evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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22. Strictly regulated cannabis retail models with state control can provide lessons in how jurisdictions can regulate THC.
- Author
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Pardal, Mafalda and Wadsworth, Elle
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SALES personnel ,CANNABIS (Genus) ,RULES ,MARKETING ,STATISTICAL models ,POLICY sciences ,HALLUCINOGENIC drugs - Abstract
The authors comment on an article by W. Hall and colleagues on regulating delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content in cannabis products. Topics include policy options discussed by W. Hall and colleagues with a view to reduce cannabis-related harm, the introduction by Quebec and Uruguay of caps on THC levels for the products supplied through the legal market, and possible impact of accommodating different THC concentrations among different legal supply options.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. What is a meeting? Municipal councils and the Ontario ombudsman.
- Author
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Sancton, Andrew
- Subjects
ONTARIO politics & government ,OMBUDSPERSONS ,CITY councils ,MUNICIPAL government ,POLICY sciences ,PROVINCIAL governments ,CITY council members ,MUNICIPAL officials & employees ,CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Nurses' engagement in AIDS policy development.
- Author
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Richter, M.S., Mill, J., Muller, C.E., Kahwa, E., Etowa, J., Dawkins, P., and Hepburn, C.
- Subjects
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ACTION research , *AIDS , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *INTERVIEWING , *HEALTH policy , *NURSES , *NURSES' attitudes , *POLICY sciences , *RESEARCH funding , *SOUND recordings , *JUDGMENT sampling , *OCCUPATIONAL roles , *THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Richter M.S., Mill J., Muller C.E., Kahwa E., Etowa J., Dawkins P. & Hepburn C. (2013) Nurses' engagement in AIDS policy development. International Nursing Review 60, 52-58 Background: A multidisciplinary team of 20 researchers and research users from six countries - Canada, Jamaica, Barbados, Kenya, Uganda and South Africa - are collaborating on a 5-year (2007-12) program of research and capacity building project. This program of research situates nurses as leaders in building capacity and promotes collaborative action with other health professionals and decision-makers to improve health systems for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) nursing care . One of the projects within this program of research focused on the influence of workplace policies on nursing care for individuals and families living with HIV. Nurses are at the forefront of HIV prevention and AIDS care in these countries but have limited involvement in related policy decisions and development. In this paper, we present findings related to the barriers and facilitators for nurses' engagement in policymaking. Methods: A participatory action research design guided the program of research. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 51 nurses (unit managers, clinic and healthcare managers, and senior nurse officers) for interviews. Findings: Participants expressed the urgent need to develop policies related to AIDS care. The need to raise awareness and to 'protect' not only the workers but also the patients were critical reason to develop policies. Nurses in all of the participating countries commented on their lack of involvement in policy development. Lack of communication from the top down and lack of information sharing were mentioned as barriers to participation in policy development. Resources were often not available to implement the policy requirement. Strong support from the management team is necessary to facilitate nurses involvement in policy development. Conclusions: The findings of this study clearly express the need for nurses and all other stakeholders to mobilize nurses' involvement in policy development. Long-term and sustained actions are needed to address gaps on the education, research and practice level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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25. Making Agricultural Economics Research Relevant for Policy Advice.
- Author
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Brink, Lars
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL economics research ,POLICY sciences ,AGRICULTURAL economics ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Many agricultural economics researchers want their work to be relevant for policy advice. Governments make efforts to facilitate the use of research in the development of policy advice. This address reviews some of the literature on the policy relevance of research, with a focus on agricultural economics research. Based on the literature, the address identifies 20 elements that researchers may want to consider when seeking to make their research relevant for policy advice. The importance of each of the elements is highlighted by using them to examine the views expressed by 41 analysts and policy advisors in six symposium settings organized over five years on the topic of 'What makes agricultural economics research relevant for policy advice?' The key elements for researchers include understanding the policy-making process, communicating effectively with the right audiences, doing high-quality work, and paying attention to timeliness and windows of opportunity. The application of the elements is illustrated by several examples of policy-relevant research. The address suggests that the Canadian Agricultural Economics Society (CAES) seek to increase the valuation of policy relevance in research funding and academia and outlines steps the CAES could take to better enable individual members to increase the policy relevance of their research. De nombreux chercheurs et chercheuses en agroéconomie souhaitent que leurs travaux de recherche puissent influencer l'élaboration des politiques agroalimentaires. Les gouvernements s'efforcent de faciliter l'utilisation des résultats de recherche dans le processus menant à l'élaboration des politiques. Dans le présent discours, je passe en revue quelques travaux sur l'importance de la recherche, en particulier la recherche en agroéconomie, comme élément d'information pour appuyer la réflexion des décideurs. D'après la littérature sur le sujet, il existe vingt éléments que les chercheurs et chercheuses peuvent prendre en considération lorsqu'ils tentent d'augmenter l'influence de leurs travaux dans l'élaboration des politiques. Pour mettre en relief l'importance de chacun de ces éléments, ils ont été utilisés pour examiner les points de vue de 41 analystes et conseillers en politiques qui ont participéà six symposiums au cours des cinq dernières années sur la question « What makes agricultural economics research relevant for policy advice? (Qu'est-ce qui rend la recherche en agroéconomie pertinente pour l'élaboration des politiques?). Pour les chercheurs, les éléments clés sont les suivants: comprendre le processus d'élaboration de politiques, communiquer efficacement avec les bons auditoires, effectuer des travaux de recherche de qualité supérieure et accorder une attention particulière à la présentation en temps opportun et aux occasions favorables. L'application des éléments est illustrée à l'aide de plusieurs exemples de travaux de recherche pertinent pour l'élaboration des politiques. Le présent discours préconise que la Société canadienne d'agroéconomie (SCAE) tente d'accroître la valeur de la recherche en milieu universitaire et le financement de la recherche pertinente pour l'élaboration des politiques et présente des moyens que la SCAE pourrait mettre en œuvre afin de permettre à ses membres d'avoir un plus grand impact sur l'élaboration des politiques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Innis Lecture: Universal early childhood interventions: what is the evidence base?
- Author
-
Baker, Michael
- Subjects
SOCIAL policy ,CHILDREN ,EMPLOYEE benefits ,POLICY sciences ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Desperately seeking reductions in health inequalities in Canada: Polemics and anger mobilization as the way forward?
- Author
-
Raphael, Dennis, Bryant, Toba, Govender, Piara, Medvedyuk, Stella, and Mendly‐Zambo, Zsofia
- Subjects
HOMICIDE ,SOCIAL determinants of health ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,FOOD security ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,PRACTICAL politics ,VIOLENCE ,ECONOMICS ,GOVERNMENT policy ,HEALTH equity ,POLICY sciences ,ANGER ,SOCIAL skills ,SOCIAL attitudes ,PUBLIC opinion - Abstract
Progress in reducing health inequalities through public policy action is difficult in nations identified as liberal welfare states. In Canada, as elsewhere, researchers and advocates provide governing authorities with empirical findings on the sources of health inequalities and document the lived experiences of those encountering these adverse health outcomes with the hope of provoking public policy action. However, critical analysis of the societal structures and processes that make improving the sources of health inequalities difficult—the quality and distribution of living and working conditions, that is the social determinants of health—identifies limitations in these approaches. Within this latter critical tradition, we consider—using household food insecurity in Canada as an illustration—how polemics and anger mobilization, usually absent in health inequalities research and advocacy—could force Canadian governing authorities to reduce health inequalities through public policy action. We explore the potential of using high valence terms such as structural violence, social death and social murder, which make explicit the adverse outcomes of health‐threatening public policy to force government action. We conclude by outlining the potential benefits and threats posed by polemics and anger mobilization as means of promoting health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Participatory Reform in Canada: The Case of Social Assistance in Ontario.
- Author
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Moscovitch, Allan
- Subjects
INCOME maintenance programs ,PROVINCIAL governments ,FEDERAL government ,INTERIM financial statements ,SOCIAL policy ,POLICY sciences - Abstract
The article offers a brief review of the historical development and contemporary structure of minimum income programs in Canada and in Ontario. By interpretation of the British North America Act of 1867, income security for the mainstream non-aboriginal society is primarily the responsibility of provincial governments. A Royal Commission is appointed by federal or provincial government to undertake an investigation of the subject of standard social policy making and to prepare a report for consideration. Two phases of the policy making process include the preparation of an interim report by the Advisory Group using consensus decision making from 1990 to 1991, and the preparation of the final report by the same advisory group from 1991 to 1992.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The Canada Health Act and the cabinet decision-making system of Pierre Elliott Trudeau.
- Author
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Barker, Paul
- Subjects
MEDICAL care laws ,DECISION making ,GOVERNMENT policy ,CANADIAN politics & government ,POLICY sciences ,FEDERAL government ,POLITICAL planning - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A Research Note on Canada's LGBT Data Landscape: Where We Are and What the Future Holds.
- Author
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Waite, Sean and Denier, Nicole
- Subjects
LGBTQ+ people ,SEXUAL orientation ,GENDER identity ,POLICY sciences ,POPULATION - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Review of Sociology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Whom Do Bureaucrats Believe? A Randomized Controlled Experiment Testing Perceptions of Credibility of Policy Research.
- Author
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Doberstein, Carey
- Subjects
HIGHER education research ,TRUTHFULNESS & falsehood ,CIVIL service ,POLICY sciences ,SENSORY perception & society ,SCIENTIFIC experimentation ,EXPERTISE ,REFERENCE sources ,TWENTY-first century ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
More than ever before, analysts in government have access to policy-relevant research and advocacy, which they consume and apply in their role in the policy process. Academics have historically occupied a privileged position of authority and legitimacy, but some argue this is changing with the rapid growth of think tanks and research-based advocacy organizations. This article documents the findings from a randomized controlled survey experiment using policy analysts from the British Columbia provincial government in Canada to systematically test the source effects of policy research in two subject areas: minimum wage and income-splitting tax policy. Subjects were asked to read research summaries of these topics and then assess the credibility of each article, but for half of the survey respondents the affiliation/authorship of the content was randomly reassigned. The experimental findings lend evidence to the hypothesis that academic research is perceived to be substantially more credible than think tank or advocacy organization research, regardless of its content. That increasingly externalized policy advice systems are not a pluralistic arena of policy research and advice, but instead subject to powerful heuristics that bureaucrats use to sift through policy-relevant information and advice, demands added nuance to both location and content-based policy advisory system models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The dark side of public participation: Participative processes that legitimize elected officials' values.
- Author
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Bouchard, Nancy
- Subjects
POLITICAL participation ,POLICY sciences ,GOVERNMENT policy on sex work ,ATTITUDES of public officers ,SEX work ,POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. An inventory of concerns behind blood safety policies in five Western countries.
- Author
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Kramer, Koen, Verweij, Marcel F., and Zaaijer, Hans L.
- Subjects
BLOOD transfusion ,BLOOD donors ,MEDICAL decision making ,QUALITATIVE research ,GOVERNMENT policy ,WESTERN countries ,SAFETY ,DECISION making ,POLICY sciences - Abstract
Background: The availability of costly safety measures against transfusion-transmissible infections forces Western countries to confront difficult ethical questions. How to decide about implementing such measures? When are such decisions justified? As a preliminary to addressing these questions, we assessed which concerns shape actual donor blood safety policymaking in five Western countries.Study Design and Methods: Our qualitative study involved determining which issues had been discussed in advisory committee meetings and capturing these issues in general categories. Appropriate documents were identified in collaboration with local decision-making experts in Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The introduction of hepatitis B virus nucleic acid testing and selected measures against variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, West Nile virus, and Q-fever were chosen as cases representing decision-making on safety measures with high costs and low or uncertain added safety.Results: A broad inventory of concerns was established, including: 1) nine categories of advantages and disadvantages of candidate safety policies; 2) six kinds of difficulties in assessing risks and forecasting the effects of safety policies; 3) 13 decision-making principles; and 4) six kinds of practical barriers hampering the translation of candidate policies into decisions.Conclusion: Blood safety policymaking involves a wide variety of competing concerns, and approaches to reconcile these considerations are themselves contested. Developing a systematic decision-making approach requires ethical reflection on, among others, reasonable costs of safety and the value of transparency in public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Research use capacity in provincial governments.
- Author
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Sá, Creso and Hamlin, Daniel
- Subjects
POLICY sciences ,GOVERNMENT agencies ,DECISION making ,RESEARCH methodology ,POLICY discourse ,PROVINCIAL governments ,PUBLIC sector ,CIVIL service - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. What is the evidence base for public involvement in health-care policy?: results of a systematic scoping review.
- Author
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Conklin, Annalijn, Morris, Zoë, and Nolte, Ellen
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL quality control ,HEALTH policy ,MEDLINE ,ONLINE information services ,POLICY sciences ,RESEARCH funding ,PATIENT participation ,SYSTEMATIC reviews - Abstract
Background Public involvement in health-care policy has been advocated as a means to enhance health system responsiveness, yet evidence for its impact has been difficult to ascertain. Objectives To review the peer-reviewed empirical evidence on outcomes of public involvement in health-care policy. Methods We systematically searched Psych INFO and PubMed from November 2000 to April 2010 for empirical studies that reported on original research only; studies in languages other than English, German or French were excluded. Data were extracted using a standardized evidence table with a priori determined headings. Main results Nineteen studies were identified as eligible for inclusion in our review. We found that sound empirical evidence of the outcomes of public involvement activities in health care remains underdeveloped. The concept and the indicators used to examine and determine outcomes remain poorly specified and inconsistent, as does the reporting of the evidence. There was some evidence for the developmental role of public involvement, such as enhancing awareness, understanding and competencies among lay participants. Evidence for instrumental benefits of public involvement initiatives was less well documented. Conclusions Despite the growing body of work on public involvement in health-care policy, evidence of its impact remains scarce; thus, firm conclusions about involvement activities that are appropriate and effective for policy development are difficult to draw. However, focus on outcomes risks missing the normative argument that involving the public in the health-care policy process may be seen to be of intrinsic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Development of an outcome measurement system for service planning for children and youth with special needs.
- Author
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Kertoy, M. K., Russell, D. J., Rosenbaum, P., Jaffer, S., Law, M., McCauley, D., and Gorter, J. W.
- Subjects
HEALTH outcome assessment ,CHILD health services ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,FOCUS groups ,HEALTH planning ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL referrals ,NEEDS assessment ,PARENTS ,POLICY sciences ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,T-test (Statistics) ,CHILDREN with disabilities ,PARENT attitudes ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHILDREN - Abstract
This study described the process used in developing an outcome measurement framework for system planning to improve services for children and youth with special needs and their families in a Canadian province. The study reports the results of several parent-completed measures, which would be useful in service planning as well as the acceptability and utility of these measures for use by families and service centres. Methods/results Development of a theoretical framework, consultation with key stakeholders, testing the utility of selected outcome measures and initial dissemination of results were critical elements in the successful development of an outcome system. Consultation with stakeholders confirmed use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the child-within-family-within community model as theoretical frameworks while building valuable partnerships and identifying potential barriers to implementation. Pilot testing showed three outcome measures were feasible for families to complete and the measures provided information about services for children that was valuable to families as well as service providers. Gaps in service delivery were identified and the need for better communication between service providers and communities to facilitate integrated services was highlighted. Conclusion The findings from this study can be used to implement an outcome measurement system for children with special needs and may serve as a resource for international researchers who are working to develop valid tools as well as outcome systems that are useful for system planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Scientific Knowledge and Rural Policy: A Long-distant Relationship.
- Author
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Reimer, Bill and Brett, Matthew
- Subjects
RURAL geography ,POLICY sciences ,CANADIAN provinces ,PUBLIC meetings ,CITIES & towns ,SOCIAL networks ,SOCIAL groups ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
This article examines the extent to which social science evidence is considered by community leaders in small towns and rural areas. It uses secondary analysis of 18 transcriptions from interviews in rural regions within two Canadian provinces to examine what types of support (if any) are used by respondents to justify their claims and assess the extent to which they depend on systematically collected and analysed evidence. The results indicate that the respondents seldom provided justification for their claims and when they did, scientific evidence was infrequently used. Instead, the respondents most often used examples from their personal experience or public meetings as support. Comparative analysis of the two rural region showed that the pattern of support was different in each - with respondents from British Columbia ( BC) relying more on personal examples and those from Newfoundland and Labrador ( NL) relying more on public presentations or the internet. The results suggest that much work needs to be done to make social science evidence available and useful to those in small towns and rural places. According to those results, the most strategic way to begin is through existing networks, community groups, and local examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Scheduling of newly emerging drugs: a critical review of decisions over 40 years.
- Author
-
Coulson, Carolyn and Caulkins, Jonathan P.
- Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse risk factors ,CANNABIS (Genus) ,DECISION making ,DESIGNER drugs ,DRUGS ,DRUG laws ,CLINICAL drug trials ,KETAMINE ,ECSTASY (Drug) ,MEDLINE ,ONLINE information services ,POLICY sciences ,STATISTICAL hypothesis testing ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,GAMMA-hydroxybutyrate - Abstract
ABSTRACT Aims Decisions on whether and how to 'schedule' drugs (i.e. to determine their legal status and penalties to be applied for sale or possession) are often heavily criticized. We sought to assess more comprehensively the results of such decisions for newly emerging drugs. Methods Through analysis of legislation and secondary sources, we identified 63 substances that have emerged since 1971, including all that have been added to the most restrictive schedule by the United Nations, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and/or New Zealand. Measurements For each jurisdiction we recorded whether, when, and how the substance was scheduled and note what decisions engendered substantial criticism or controversy within the international treaties' framework of balancing medical benefits with risk of abuse. Findings (i) The rate of emergence of new drugs has been fairly steady. (ii) There is broad cross-national agreement on what should be scheduled. (iii) The United States often acts first. (iv) Temporary bans that delay final decisions by 12-18 months can sometimes allow final decisions to be grounded on a substantially expanded research base. (v) It appears that no more than seven of the decisions reached by the United States with respect to the 63 substances are candidates for being considered errors, and arguably the United States has committed at most one serious Type I and one serious Type II error. Results for other countries are broadly similar. Conclusions The process for determining the legal status of new psychoactive substances appears to function reasonably well, within the framework of international treaty obligations. Most criticisms relate to one or a few substances (e.g. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) and/or complaints that the decisions discount benefits that are not recognized by the treaties (e.g. recreational or religious use). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Information behaviour of Canadian pharmaceutical policy makers.
- Author
-
Greyson, Devon L., Cunningham, Colleen, and Morgan, Steve
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,DRUGS ,PHARMACEUTICAL services insurance ,INTERNET ,INTERVIEWING ,MATHEMATICAL models ,RESEARCH methodology ,POLICY sciences ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIAL networks ,TELEPHONES ,INFORMATION resources ,THEORY ,JUDGMENT sampling ,INFORMATION overload ,INFORMATION-seeking behavior ,INFORMATION needs ,DATA analysis software ,MEDICAL coding - Abstract
Objectives: Understanding the information behaviour of policy makers targeted by knowledge translation efforts is key to improving policy research impact. This study explores the reported information behaviour of pharmaceutical policy decision-makers in Canada, a country highly associated with evidence-based practice yet still facing substantial barriers to evidence-informed health policy. Methods: We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with a purposive sample of 15 Canadian pharmaceutical policy decision-makers. Results of the descriptive, qualitative analysis were compared with the General Model of Information Seeking of Professionals (GMISP) proposed by Leckie, Pettigrew and Sylvain in 1996. Results: Characteristics of information needs included topic, depth/breadth of questions and time sensitivity. Approaches to information seeking were variously scattershot, systematic and delegated, depending on the characteristics as well as respondent resources. Major source types were human experts, electronic sources and trusted organisations. Affective (emotion-related) outcomes were common, including frustration and desire for better information systems and sources. Conclusions: The GMISP model may be adapted to model information behaviour of Canadian pharmaceutical policy makers. In the absence of a dedicated, independent source for rapid-response policy research, these policy makers will likely continue to satisfice (make do) with available resources, and barriers to evidence-informed policy will persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Declining versus participating in employer-supported training in Canada.
- Author
-
Cooke, Gordon B., Chowhan, James, and Brown, Travor
- Subjects
OCCUPATIONAL training ,EMPLOYEE training ,LABOR market ,POLICY sciences - Abstract
Although employer-supported training may be beneficial to all stakeholders, some workers have difficulty accessing it, and a surprising number of workers decline some or all of it when it is offered. We present a conceptual model that uses four categories to define workers according to whether or not they are excluded from, participate in and/or decline training. Our aim is to examine the characteristics of workers in each category in order to better inform public policy. The study utilizes the Statistics Canada's 2005 Workplace and Employee Survey data set. We found that 44 percent of workers were 'excluded', in that they did not participate in nor decline employer-supported training. A further 47 percent took all the training offered to them (i.e. are 'takers'), whereas 3 percent were 'decliners' because they declined all of the offered training. Finally, the remaining 6 percent are 'choosers' because they both took and declined some employer-supported training. Thus, 9 percent of Canadian workers declined some employer-supported training in 2005. This was 16 percent of those who were offered training. Consistent with existing literature and dual labour market theory, our descriptive and multivariate regression results indicate that individuals exhibiting the characteristics of 'primary' workers are more likely to access and are also more likely to decline training than their 'secondary' counterparts. Considering the importance of training, these results have significant social and policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Rethinking policy capacity in Canada: The role of parties and election platforms in government policy-making.
- Author
-
Flynn, Greg
- Subjects
POLITICAL parties ,ELECTIONS ,POLICY sciences ,POLITICAL campaigns ,PUBLIC administration ,CANADIAN politics & government, 1980- - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The intellectual legacy of J.E. Hodgetts.
- Author
-
Gow, J.I., Paul Pross, A., Wilson, V. Seymour, Franks, C.E.S., and Dwivedi, O.P.
- Subjects
POLITICAL scientists ,PUBLIC administration ,POLICY sciences ,POLITICAL science ,TWENTIETH century - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Administration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Explaining local policy choices: A Multiple Streams analysis of municipal emergency management.
- Author
-
Henstra, Daniel
- Subjects
EMERGENCY management ,PUBLIC safety ,DECISION making ,PUBLIC administration ,POLICY sciences ,MUNICIPAL government ,CANADIAN politics & government - Abstract
Canadian municipal governments are expected to play a central role in emergency management, which involves developing policies and programs to cope with emergencies and their impacts. But although all communities face potential emergencies, the quality of municipal emergency planning varies considerably from one community to another. This suggests that some municipal decision-makers have recognized emergencies as a problem and have prioritized this issue relative to others competing for attention and resources. This article examines policy-making in municipal emergency management through the lens of the Multiple Streams framework, an analytical model that explains how problems are recognized, how and why they are added to the decision agenda, and how they are matched with policy solutions. Sommaire : Les gouvernements municipaux canadiens sont supposés jouer un rôle essentiel dans la gestion des urgences, ce qui implique l'élaboration de politiques et de programmes pour faire face aux urgences et à leurs répercussions. Mais alors que toutes les collectivités font face à des urgences éventuelles, la qualité de la planification des urgences à l'échelle municipale varie considérablement d'une collectivitéà une autre. Cela laisse entendre que certains décisionnaires municipaux ont reconnu les urgences comme étant un problème et ont accordé la prioritéà cette question par rapport à d'autres rivalisant pour obtenir de l'attention et des ressources. Le présent article examine l'élaboration de politiques dans le domaine de la gestion des urgences dans une municipalité par le biais du cadre Sources multiples, un modèle analytique qui explique comment les problèmes sont reconnus, comment et pourquoi ils sont ajoutés au programme de décisions, et quelles sont les solutions en matière de politiques pour les résoudre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Social Rights, Civil Rights, and Health Reform in Canada.
- Author
-
BHATIA, VANDNA
- Subjects
HEALTH programs ,SOCIAL & economic rights ,CIVIL rights ,HEALTH care reform ,HEALTH insurance ,PUBLIC health ,POLICY sciences - Abstract
This article challenges the conventional wisdom that health programs have been largely insulated from welfare state retrenchment. Health care entitlements have in fact been transformed and diminished, albeit in more subtle ways. Employing rhetorical discursive constructions about the nature of social rights, and capitalizing on passive policy drift, reformists have succeeded in altering the right to health care away from a set of collective obligations and toward the competing claims of individuals. As a result, public health insurance programs are abandoning universalistic principles in favor of a narrower conception of rights that is consistent with and supportive of increased privatization of health care financing. Discursive constructions aimed at persuading target audiences to change their ideas aid and abet systemic and institutional factors, making policy changes seem both necessary and inevitable. Using the case of Canada, I contend that such changes are a form of retrenchment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Transnationalizing Families: Canadian Immigration Policy and the Spatial Fragmentation of Care-giving among Latin American Newcomers.
- Author
-
Bernhard, Judith K., Landolt, Patricia, and Goldring, Luin
- Subjects
IMMIGRATION law ,POLICY sciences ,LATIN Americans ,SOCIAL reproduction ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
Complex factors associated with migration and immigration policies contribute to the dispersion of families across space. We draw on interviews with 40 Latin American women in Toronto who experienced separation from children as a result of migration and argue that Canadian immigration policy and elements of the women’s context of departure lead to the systemic production of transnational family arrangements. Once in Canada, the women dealt with unexpected lengths of separation, the spatial dispersal of social reproduction, and post-reunification problems. The absence of a normative framework that could help the mothers make sense of family dispersal meant that their experiences of migration, family separation, reunification and settlement were marked by tension, guilt, isolation and shame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Multicultural Meanings of Social Support among Immigrants and Refugees.
- Author
-
Stewart, Miriam, Anderson, Joan, Beiser, Morton, Mwakarimba, Edward, Neufeld, Anne, Simich, Laura, and Spitzer, Denise
- Subjects
MULTICULTURALISM ,SOCIAL support ,SERVICES for immigrants ,REFUGEE services ,POLICY sciences - Abstract
Copyright of International Migration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Making a Policy Problem of Water Export in Canada: 1960–2002.
- Author
-
Bakenova, Saule
- Subjects
WATER transfer ,SOCIAL policy ,POLICY sciences ,GOVERNMENT policy ,DECISION making ,CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,CANADIAN federal government - Abstract
The article explores how political tensions developed around the issue of Canadian water export, how policy solutions and alternatives to the problem were offered, and how finally it came to be recognized by the national government. The water export issue reached the formal agenda after a lengthy period of being denied serious consideration. However, it is arguable that agendas are set if an issue receives attention from policy decision makers. This is because an issue's ascension to agenda status is not an indication of how it is actually going to be decided upon. The case of water export demonstrates that the government adopted a policy solution consistent with assumptions prevalent at the time and acceptable among elected decision makers. Yet, the solution was contrary to the expectations of those who demanded a complete water export ban in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Evidence-based Engagement in the Voluntary Sector: Lessons from Canada.
- Author
-
Laforest, Rachel and Orsini, Michael
- Subjects
POLICY sciences ,POLICY analysis ,POLITICAL planning ,SOCIAL sciences ,PRACTICAL politics ,SOCIAL policy ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The shift towards governance and greater reliance on third parties in the design, implementation and evaluation of policy has created new pressures to ensure that policies are designed and delivered in a consistent and effective manner. In the interest of improving transparency, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency, governments in Canada and in the UK, as in many industrialized countries, have begun to emphasize the need for evidence-based policy-making. As a result, knowledge and research have become key assets in the production of policy. Yet, with their current capacity and knowledge base wanting, governments have increasingly relied on the knowledge and information of external actors and have afforded greater authority to them on this basis. This has created a situation in which evidence-based inputs are given greater weight. This shift has particular implications for voluntary sector organizations whose basis for intervention has lain historically with the interests that they represent. Already, in the Canadian case many national organizations have seen their focus shift to research activities under the impetus of new funding initiatives explicitly encouraging activities grounded in knowledge and policy analysis. Moreover, policy guidelines have been elaborated in order to enhance the sector's capacity to contribute to the development of policy in a depoliticized manner. Using a series of interviews conducted with representatives from national voluntary organizations in Canada, this article explores the implications of such a shift for the voluntary sector in Canada, and asks whether the Canadian case holds some lessons for voluntary sector–state relations in other jurisdictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The influence of federalism on fiscal policy making.
- Author
-
Braun, Dietmar, Bullinger, Anne-Béatrice, and Wälti, Sonja
- Subjects
FISCAL policy ,POLICY sciences ,FEDERAL government - Abstract
This article attempts to refine the statement that federal states face difficulties in fiscal policy making because of the territorial division of powers by comparing two federal countries, Canada and Germany. These two countries differ in terms of their type of federalism: Canada displaying a power-separation system and Germany corresponding to a power-sharing type. According to the authors, the territorial factor influences fiscal policy making through the distribution of taxing and spending powers as well as through patterns of intergovernmental relations. The use of fiscal policy instruments and the likely effects on conflict and cooperation in those two countries is discussed with empirical evidence. The authors come to the conclusion that federalism is indeed a constraint on fiscal policy making, but that the two types of power division face different obstacles and deal differently with fiscal problems. In the power-separation system of Canada, the federal government has encompassing competencies to use fiscal policy instruments unilaterally and without restraint, but faces a lack of concerted action with the provinces which reduces its scope of action in fiscal policy making. In the power-sharing system in Germany, concerted action facilitates macroeconomic stabilisation strategies but the compulsory negotiation system distorts the use of fiscal policy instruments by distributive bargaining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The notwithstanding mechanism and public discussion: Lessons from the ignored practice of section 33 of the Charter.
- Author
-
Kahana, Tsvi
- Subjects
LEGISLATION ,POLICY sciences - Abstract
Most Canadians believe that the notwithstanding clause, namely section 33 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, has been used only a few times in the past and that currently no legislations invoking section 33 is in force. This article reveals that the "notwithstanding mechanism" was actually used in seven different pieces of legislation (in addition to its omnibus use by Quebec) and that seven acts invoking the mechanism are still in force. The article then argues that two main reasons for the lack of public response to these invocations of section 33 were that these uses were both invisible and inaccessible. They were invisible because they dealt with matters that were not on the public agenda and they were inaccessible because they dealt with complicated policy questions. The article concludes by contending that the notwithstanding mechanism should only be used in response to a Supreme Court decision and not prior to it. It is likely that a Supreme Court decision would have made these ignored uses of section 33 both morn visible and more accessible and hence more noticeable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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