Search

Copyright of Applications in Plant Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The archetype of the self underlies the ego-complex at its root and source in the unconscious. None of these assigns to the self the role that I feel to be so essential in the syndrome. SP 50-52 sp In regard to the method of study of these processes of the archaic, unconscious psyche in psychosis, I find myself baffled as to how to set up anything like a scientific approach to the material. In this hypothesis the model is easy to visualize but difficult to understand in terms of experience; the self is seen in this case as the center of the total psychic organism, and the ego is subsumed within this totality as the center of the field of consciousness only, that is, of contents accessible to consciousness; between the two are the autonomous complexes, which are groupings of contents not accessible to ego-consciousness (Figure 1). Reconstitutive process in the psychopathology of the self1: The following paper by J.W. Perry is published with permission from the Annals of the New York Academy of the Sciences where it was first published in January 1962. The imagery I refer to is a whole class of symbolic representations of centrality and organization, of order and highest authority; I hope to demonstrate that in these we see representations of the self and processes that transform or reorganize the self in the unconscious psyche. [Extracted from the article]

Earthquake nowcasting has been proposed as a means of tracking the change in large earthquake potential in a seismically active area. The method was developed using observable seismic data, in which probabilities of future large earthquakes can be computed using Receiver Operating Characteristic methods. Furthermore, analysis of the Shannon information content of the earthquake catalogs has been used to show that there is information contained in the catalogs, and that it can vary in time. So an important question remains, where does the information originate? In this paper, we examine this question using stochastic simulations of earthquake catalogs. Our catalog simulations are computed using an Earthquake Rescaled Aftershock Seismicity ("ERAS") stochastic model. This model is similar in many ways to other stochastic seismicity simulations, but has the advantage that the model has only 2 free parameters to be set, one for the aftershock (Omori‐Utsu) time decay, and one for the aftershock spatial migration away from the epicenter. Generating a simulation catalog and fitting the two parameters to the observed catalog such as California takes only a few minutes of wall clock time. While clustering can arise from random, Poisson statistics, we show that significant information in the simulation catalogs arises from the "non‐Poisson" power‐law aftershock clustering, implying that the practice of de‐clustering observed catalogs may remove information that would otherwise be useful in forecasting and nowcasting. We also show that the nowcasting method provides similar results with the ERAS model as it does with observed seismicity. Plain Language Summary: Earthquake nowcasting was proposed as a means of tracking the change in the potential for large earthquakes in a seismically active area, using the record of small earthquakes. The method was developed using observed seismic data, in which probabilities of future large earthquakes can be computed using machine learning methods that were originally developed with the advent of radar in the 1940s. These methods are now being used in the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence models in a variety of applications. In recent times, methods to simulate earthquakes using the observed statistical laws of earthquake seismicity have been developed. One of the advantages of these stochastic models is that it can be used to analyze the various assumptions that are inherent in the analysis of seismic catalogs of earthquakes. In this paper, we analyze the importance of the space‐time clustering that is often observed in earthquake seismicity. We find that the clustering is the origin of information that makes the earthquake nowcasting methods possible. We also find that a common practice of "aftershock de‐clustering", often used in the analysis of these catalogs, removes information about future large earthquakes. Key Points: Earthquake nowcasting tracks the change in the potential for large earthquakes, using information contained in seismic catalogsWe analyze the information contained in the space‐time clustering that is observed in earthquake seismicityWe find that "aftershock de‐clustering" of catalogs removes information about future large earthquakes that the nowcasting method uses [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restoration ecology is a deepening and diversifying field with current research incorporating multiple disciplines and infusing long-standing ideas with fresh perspectives. We present a list of 10 recent pivotal papers exemplifying new directions in ecological restoration that were selected by students in a cross-disciplinary graduate seminar at the University of California, Berkeley. We highlight research that applies ecological theory to improve restoration practice in the context of global change (e.g. climate modeling, evaluation of novel ecosystems) and discuss remaining knowledge gaps. We also discuss papers that recognize the social context of restoration and the coupled nature of social and ecological systems, ranging from the incorporation of cultural values and Traditional Ecological Knowledge into restoration, to the consideration of the broader impacts of markets on restoration practices. In addition, we include perspectives that focus on improving communication between social and natural scientists as well as between scientists and practitioners, developing effective ecological monitoring, and applying more integrated, whole-landscape approaches to restoration. We conclude with insights on recurrent themes in the papers regarding planning restoration in human-modified landscapes, application of ecological theory, improvements to restoration practice, and the social contexts of restoration. We share lessons from our cross-disciplinary endeavor, and invite further discussion on the future directions of restoration ecology through contributions to our seminar blog site . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the highlights of the Conference on Intelligent Data Understanding held at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California on October 5-6, 2010. Topics included the implementation of the methods attained in data mining and machine learning on issues dealing with earth sciences, space sciences and systems health management. Problems dealing with changes in the climate and environment, astronomical data flux and safety in aviation were also tackled.

This paper presents an overview of the process of entanglement at the 25th International Philosophy of Nursing Conference (IPNC) at University of California at Irvine held on August 18, 2022. Representing collective work from the US, Canada, UK and Germany, our panel entitled 'What can critical posthuman philosophies do for nursing?' examined critical posthumanism and its operations and potential in nursing. Critical posthumanism offers an antifascist, feminist, material, affective, and ecologically entangled approach to nursing and healthcare. Rather than focusing on the arguments of each of the three distinct but interrelated panel presentation pieces, this paper instead focuses on process and performance (per/formance) and performativity as relational, connected and situated, with connections to nursing philosophy. Building upon critical feminist and new materialist philosophies, we describe intra‐activity and performativity as ways to dehierarchise knowledge making practices within traditional academic conference spaces. Creating critical cartographies of thinking and being are actions of possibility for building more just and equitable futures for nursing, nurses, and those they accompany—including all humans, nonhumans, and more than human matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A version of this paper was given as the Inaugural Steven Edwards Memorial Lecture at the 25th conference of the International Philosophy of Nursing Society 16th August 2022. Using the literary meaning of 'whither', that is 'to what place', this paper will explore the role of philosophy in nursing, past, present, and future. The paper will begin with some thoughts on the history of nursing philosophy, its development as a subject and the scholarly activities that have led to where it sits today. The establishment of the journal Nursing Philosophy, the Annual Nursing Philosophy Conference, the International Philosophy of Nursing Society (IPONS) and their influence on nursing both in the academy and in practice will be discussed. The concept of nursing philosophy as a discipline will be considered, and how this fits with nursing theory, and nursing knowledge. Philosophical questions central to understanding contemporary nursing in a globalised world will be explored and the use of analytical philosophy and philosophical method in addressing such questions. The paper will conclude by looking to the future; what the role of philosophy might be in shaping nursing as a discipline and in the preparation of future practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers for inspection the proposition that the adversarial evidence-based litigation process is unsuitable for resolving custody cases in general and relocation cases in particular. It analyzes the leading cases from New York, Massachusetts, California, England, Canada, and Australia. It reaches a conclusion that no jurisdiction has devised a legal standard or formula that enables a judge to predict the future best interest of a child if that child is allowed to relocate with one parent away from the other. For this reason, the court has a duty to offer as sophisticated and friendly a settlement process and atmosphere as possible. However, knowing that judges will still be required to resolve these difficult cases because they often seem impervious to settlement, the article offers thirty-six factors that a court should consider in all move-away cases. By relying on each of these factors that is relevant to the case, the parents will have an understanding of why the decision was made the way it was and it will also allow for effective appellate review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of papers presented to the seventh annual meeting of the Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep (APSS). The seventh annual meeting of the APSS was held at the Miramar Hotel, Santa Monica, California in April 1967. APSS was founded in 1961 for the purpose of promoting both formal and informal exchange of information among workers from various disciplines with a common interest in the psychophysiology of sleep.

The California Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis ) is under consideration for federal protection and has stimulated ecosystem-level management efforts in Sierra Nevada national forests. Because some populations are declining, we used a noninvasive fecal sampling method to estimate stress hormone (i.e., corticosterone) levels within a local population from April to August 2001. Fecal corticosterone levels were similar to those recorded in a previous study of Northern Spotted Owls (S.o. caurina ) ( &xmacr;= 80.1 ng/g dry feces, SE = 75.8). We then used an information-theoretic approach to identify factors that influence fecal corticosterone levels in Spotted Owls. Our best overall model indicated that nonbreeding owls had higher fecal corticosterone levels than breeding owls early in the breeding season and lower levels later in the breeding season. We collected few samples from breeding owls early in the breeding season, however, which may have influenced the results. Management-related factors reflecting habitat condition and proximity to roads were not correlated with fecal corticosterone. However, factors such as field storage method and sample mass were correlated with the amount of measured fecal corticosterone and should be considered in future studies. Sample vials initially stored on ice had higher levels than those stored immediately in liquid N2 (βstorage= 0.269 ln[ng/g], 95% CI = 0.026, 0.512). Hormone metabolites were extracted from extremely small samples (0.01 g) by slightly modifying the assay protocol, but the amount of corticosterone detected increased as the sample mass decreased (βmass=−6.248 ln[ng/g], 95% CI =−8.877, −3.620). Corticosterone levels were significantly higher in 10 cecal samples collected simultaneously with fecal samples (paired difference = 74.7 ng/g, SE = 45.0, p = 0.001 for a paired t test), so care must be taken to avoid contaminating fecal samples with cecal material. Most of the variation was unexplained by our best model ( R 2= 0.24), and additional factors influencing fecal corticosterone levels need to be identified. Therefore, we recommend that well-designed experiments be conducted under controlled conditions to better determine the effect of factors such as sample handling, partial sampling, and diet on fecal corticosterone levels in owls and other birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Insecticide application is essential to control navel orangeworm (Amyelois transitella) in California almonds (Prunus dulcis), but coverage is challenging. Laboratory and field trials were conducted from 2014 to 2017 to quantify insecticide deposition and duration of control. RESULTS: In the laboratory for filter paper, photolysis reduced the contact toxicity of bifenthrin, and its half‐life was 6.2 days. For chlorantraniliprole applied in the field, there was 87–94% less insecticide deposited in the almond suture, the most vulnerable part of the nut, than on the hull. For chlorantraniliprole, adjuvant choice (alcohol ethoxylate versus mineral oil) affected both initial insecticide deposition and half‐life. Chlorantraniliprole degradation was greater at 6.1 m than at 3 m for both adjuvants assessed, whereas contact mortality was similar at both heights for the alcohol ethoxylate adjuvant. CONCLUSION: The combination of photolysis and differential distribution of insecticide on the nut can account for the variable control observed in the field. This was particularly problematic in the upper canopy and adjuvant choice affected deposition and insecticide degradation. Less than 1% of the insecticide in the tank was deposited on the almond suture. These results demonstrating the fraction of the insecticide in the sprayer tank deposited on the nut target, combined with reduced coverage in the upper canopy are also applicable to the control of A. transitella in pistachio (Pistacia vera) and walnut (Juglans regia) orchards. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a personal dialogue of maneuvering the landscape of scholarship in the United States as a nurse faculty. The principal thesis of this paper is that a discursive shift from margins to mainstream literature has occurred within nursing discourse during the past 20 years as the result of a growing body of work by nurse philosophers. I utilize my own work in nursing philosophy as an exemplar and provide a narrative situated in a feminist‐critical paradigm. This paper: (1) presents a historical background through a critical‐feminist lens of the discursive shift using my own work and lived experiences as exemplars; (2) examines a contemporary mainstream 'authoritative' text as an exemplar of this discursive shift and (3) proposes both potential positive intersections and threats in the future development of nursing philosophy resulting from this discursive shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME) annual meeting to be held in San Diego, California on April 12-16, 2009.

The article offers information on the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) 2023 Annual Scientific Meeting, which will take place at the Long Beach Convention & Entertainment Center in Long Beach, California on May 3-6.

While systems engineering (SE) has been a well‐established discipline focusing on interdisciplinary systems and engineering management of complex systems over their life cycles, SE is still widely unknown in the U.S. infrastructure industry. The U.S. has recently passed a $1 trillion infrastructure bill (H.R. 3684), calling for investments in roads, bridges, rail, ports, airports, power, water, broadband, and other major projects. It is the intent of this paper to provide practical guidance to infrastructure owners and operators who are interested in reaping the benefits of applying SE to their transportation and infrastructure projects. This paper memorializes the lessons learned from over a of decade of real‐world, hands‐on experience of introducing and gradually increasing the application of systems engineering to building the civil infrastructure of the California High‐Speed Rail System (CHSRS), starting with the environmental impact review, preliminary engineering, final design, construction, inspection and testing, and finally the certification and planned handover of 119 miles of civil work and over 225 individual structures to the following track and systems contracts. As the first three CHSRS civil works construction packages (CP) are currently nearing completion, three new civil work and passenger station procurement contracts have recently been awarded, extending CHSRS to 171 miles and close to 300 structures, including four passenger stations, with additional track and systems, trainset, and train operator contracts planned in the near future. The extension of the CHSRS presented a timely opportunity to incorporate the SE lessons learned during the first three construction packages and update the systems engineering process requirements for the new CHSRS extension projects going forward. The SE requirements are presented in form of Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) requirements and have been prepared as tailored requirements for both civil infrastructure and track and systems contracts. This paper intends to share the lessons learned and present them as specific and actionable recommendations, providing practical guidance for the application of SE to transportation and/or infrastructure projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how banning the use of plastic carryout bags at grocery stores affects where and what people purchase to eat. Using quasi‐random variation in local bag ban adoption across California and two data sources (retail scanner data and consumer survey data), I show that banning plastic carryout bags shifted some food sales away from regulated grocery stores toward unregulated grocery stores and restaurants. Specifically, I find that bag bans cause a 1.8% decline in food‐at‐home sales and a 1.9 percentage point increase in consumers' food‐away‐from‐home expenditure share. The decline in food‐at‐home sales is larger in jurisdictions more likely to experience cross‐border shopping, whereas the increase in food‐away‐from‐home expenditures is larger farther from jurisdiction borders. Together these results suggest that a small share of consumers find a way to bypass the bag bans—either by cross‐border shopping if near a border or by shifting to restaurants if not near a border. Heterogeneity analyses reveal the policy effects are strongest for those with higher incomes, those under 65 years, and those with young children, suggesting both income effects and time constraints as mechanisms behind the behavioral change. By quantifying consumer avoidance behaviors, these results enable policymakers to more accurately measure the impacts of their regulations and to understand the potential trade‐offs between their environmental and public health objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

California has large and diverse biomass resources and provides a pertinent example of how biomass use is changing and needs to change, in the face of climate mitigation policies. As in other areas of the world, California needs to optimize its use of biomass and waste to meet environmental and socioeconomic objectives. We used a systematic review to assess biomass use pathways in California and the associated impacts on climate and air quality. Biomass uses included the production of renewable fuels, electricity, biochar, compost, and other marketable products. For those biomass use pathways recently developed, information is available on the effects—usually beneficial—on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and there is some, but less, published information on the effects on criteria pollutants. Our review identifies 34 biomass use pathways with beneficial impacts on either GHG or pollutant emissions, or both—the "good." These included combustion of forest biomass for power and conversion of livestock‐associated biomass to biogas by anaerobic digestion. The review identified 13 biomass use pathways with adverse impacts on GHG emissions, criteria pollutant emissions, or both—the "bad." Wildfires are an example of one out of eight pathways which were found to be bad for both climate and air quality, while only two biomass use pathways reduced GHG emissions relative to an identified counterfactual but had adverse air quality impacts. Issues of high interest for the "future" included land management to reduce fire risk, future policies for the dairy industries, and full life‐cycle analysis of biomass production and use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the abstracts of papers presented at the 40th annual meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological research slated in San Diego, California. Speakers; Symposia abstracts; Authors and topics.

This article presents abstracts of research papers presented at the thirty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Society of Dermatopathology in San Francisco, California. Some of the topics discussed in these research papers are de-differentiated metastatic melanoma masquerading as a high grade pos, folliculocystic eccrine hamartoma, histologic features of lichen sclerosus in a surgical scar, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, mixed merkel cell and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and melanoma in situ and tumor vascularity.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the seventh annual meeting of Society for Psychophysiological Research held at the Vacation Village Hotel in San Diego, California from October 19-22, 1967. One of the papers explored monocular visual evoked potentials as an index of maturity of human neonates. Another paper focused on habituation differences to tactile stimulation for waking and sleeping infants. In this paper the role of state in determining a psychological or physiological response is not disputed.

Soil bulk density (BD) is important for measuring changes in soil chemical, physical, and biological properties; however, the measurement is tedious to collect and requires specialized equipment. Database measurements for soil surface BD do not always correspond to present field conditions as field management can alter BD in time. Saturation percentage (SP) is a routine lab measurement. The objectives of this study are to (1) understand if a relationship between BD and SP can be developed and (2) build a model that predicts BD based on a routine low‐cost lab analysis. We collected 83 soil samples from different experimental sites around California's Central Valley. At each site, BD, SP, soil organic matter (OM), and soil total organic carbon were measured. A set of models were generated and compared based on their Akaike information criterion (AIC) and adjusted R2. The best two models are presented in this paper, and their accuracy and precision in estimating BD were further compared by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE) and the R2 of the predicted versus values measured in the field. We determined that a strong relationship between BD and SP exists (R2 = 0.70) and that a cubic model that includes SP and OM resulted in the best model to predict BD in California soils. Inclusion of additional data may further strengthen this model or make it applicable for other grower regions. Core Ideas: Database bulk density values may not correspond to field conditions as management can alter bulk density.Bulk density is hard to measure and requires specialized equipment, but is needed to quantify soil carbon changes.There is a significant correlation between soil bulk density, soil saturation paste, and soil organic matter.Three models to predict bulk density based on saturation paste and organic matter were developed and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: As climate change increases the frequency and severity of droughts in many regions, conservation during drought is becoming a major challenge for ecologists. Droughts are multidimensional climate events whose impacts may be moderated by changes in temperature, water availability or food availability, or some combination of these. Simultaneously, other stressors such as extensive anthropogenic landscape modification may synergize with drought. Useful observational models for guiding conservation decision‐making during drought require multidimensional, dynamic representations to disentangle possible drought impacts, and consequently, they will require large, highly resolved data sets. In this paper, we develop a two‐stage predictive framework for assessing how drought impacts vary with species, habitats and climate pathways. Location: Central Valley, California, USA. Methods: We used a two‐stage counterfactual analysis combining predictive linear mixed models and N‐mixture models to characterize the multidimensional impacts of drought on 66 bird species. We analysed counts from the eBird participatory science data set between 2010 and 2019 and produced species‐ and habitat‐specific estimates of the impact of drought on relative abundance. Results: We found that while fewer than a quarter (16/66) of species experienced abundance declines during drought, nearly half of all species (27/66) changed their habitat associations during drought. Among species that shifted their habitat associations, the use of natural habitats declined during drought while use of developed habitat and perennial agricultural habitat increased. Main Conclusions: Our findings suggest that birds take advantage of agricultural and developed land with artificial irrigation and heat‐buffering microhabitat structure, such as in orchards or parks, to buffer drought impacts. A working lands approach that promotes biodiversity and mitigates stressors across a human‐induced water gradient will be critical for conserving birds during drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents abstracts of papers that would be presented at the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological research in San Francisco, California in October 1988.

The article presents various abstracts of papers presented at the 30th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Dermatopathology, during December 2-4, 1992, held at Grand Hyaff, in San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Some of the abstracts are, "Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Strongly Express CD34," by D.A. Altman B.J. Nickoloff and D.P. Fivenson, "Plexiform and other Unusual Variants of Palisaded Encapsulated Neuroma," by Z.B. Argenyi, P.H. Cooper and D. Santa Cruz, "The Significance of Clinically Observed, Black Dots, Within Melanocyctic Nevi," by J. Bolognia and P.E. Shapiro, and others.

The article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 27th Annual Meeting of American Society of Dermatopathology, held in San Francisco, California. The meeting was held from November 29 to December 1, 1989. Some abstracts which were presented at the meeting are "Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma," by R. Cerio, D. McGibbon and E. Wilson Jones, "Pemphigus Vulgaris Affecting A Pilar Cyst," by W.R. Coleman and R.P. Kaplan and "The Cutaneous Signs of Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis," by K.G. Carison and L.E. Gibson.

This article announces the 2009 Annual Meeting for the "Journal of Finance," which will be held in San Francisco, California, from January 3, 2009 to January 5, 2009, the results of the 2008 election, which includes Jeremy Stein, Darrell Duffie, and John Cochrane, and that the AFA and the Department of Finance at Ohio State University have entered into a joint venture to maintain and enhance the finance faculty directory held on the OSU Web site.

Organizational correlates of the risk-adjusted pressure ulcer prevalence and subsequent deficiency citation in nursing homes are not known. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between these two outcomes and selected organizational variables, including total nurse staffing levels, specialization, centralization, nursing wages, and facility ownership. Secondary data analysis was conducted on a sample of 897 California nursing homes included in the 1996 On-line Survey Certification and Reporting system and the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development financial disclosure reports of individual California nursing homes. Organizational variables explained a small amount of the variation (adjusted R2 = .04, p < .01). A higher PU prevalence was associated with lower licensed nurse centralization and facilities participating exclusively in the Medicaid program. Receipt of a deficiency was less likely in facilities having a higher total nurse staffing level (OR = .49, p < .001). It was more likely in facilities having a higher risk-adjusted PU prevalence (OR = 1.05, p < .001), more licensed nurses (OR = 2.74, p < .05), a size of 160 beds or more (OR = 1.93, p < .01), and survey teams from specific counties (OR ranging from 2.3 to 6.8, p < .05). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 29: 345–358, 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adjoint waveform tomography (AWT) sits at the cutting edge of seismic tomography on local, regional, and global scales. However, the choice in starting model may have a significant impact on the final inversion results. In this paper, we present 3 AWT models of California that are based on different starting models. We chose three models that were inverted at different scales: SPiRaL, a global travel‐time tomography model (Simmons et al., 2021, 10.1093/gji/ggab277), CSEM_NA, a regional adjoint tomography model of North America and the North Atlantic (Krischer et al., 2018, 10.1029/2017JB015289), and WUS256, a regional adjoint tomography model of the western US (Rodgers et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024549). We then inverted three AWT models using the same source and receiver set. We ran each model over three period bands: 30–100 s, 25–100 s, and 20–80 s. Once the iterations were finalized, we used five methods of testing model similarity in both the model and data space. We conclude that the choice of starting model has a minimal impact on long wavelength models if an appropriate multi‐scale inversion approach is used. Plain Language Summary: Seismic tomography uses earthquake records to resolve three‐dimensional models of seismic wavespeeds below Earth's surface. Full waveform inversion seeks to model the physics of wave propagation to create models that can most accurately reproduce the waveform data that are observed from recorded events. In this paper, we sought to study the effect of the choice of starting model on final inversion results in California using AWT, a type of Full waveform inversion technique; to our knowledge, this type of experiment has not been carried out before with real data at this scale. We began with three starting models that were created on different scales with different datasets. We then used five methods to compare the final model results. We focused on comparisons of the visual similarity of the models, the tectonic structures the models resolve, and how well the synthetic waveforms match the observed data. We find that the choice of starting model does not have a large impact when the model domain has azimuthally distributed events and stations over long length‐scales. Key Points: We present three adjoint waveform tomography models of California that each begin with a different starting modelThe three final models are compared using five metrics that span both the model space and data spaceBased on a conservative multi‐scale inversion approach, we conclude that the choice of starting model has minimal effect on the final model [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the empirical relationship between the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO), and atmospheric river (AR) activity and precipitation in California on subseasonal time scales. We introduce an experimental forecast tool that uses observed anomaly patterns during a 38 yr period to predict the probability of above‐ and below‐normal AR activity and precipitation at lead times of 1–6 weeks based on the phase and amplitude of the MJO and QBO. The hindcast prediction skill of probabilistic AR activity and precipitation forecasts is evaluated for Northern, Central, and Southern California, as well as two sets of smaller geographical domains. These smaller domains are more relevant for water resource management and allow us to investigate the sensitivity of prediction skill to domain size. Consistent with previous studies, our results demonstrate that subseasonal AR activity and precipitation in California are strongly modulated by the MJO and QBO. The anomaly patterns of AR activity and precipitation vary considerably throughout the cool season, with a tendency toward below‐normal AR activity and precipitation during easterly QBO and above‐normal AR activity and precipitation during westerly QBO in JFM. The opposite patterns are generally observed in OND, but the anomaly signals are weaker and less coherent for AR activity. Certain combinations of MJO phase, QBO phase, lag time, and season yield notably higher skill scores, reinforcing the notion of "windows of opportunity" for skillful subseasonal‐to‐seasonal predictions. In California, these forecasts of opportunity are predominantly associated with easterly QBO in JFM and FMA. Plain Language Summary: This paper examines the relationship between the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO), and atmospheric river (AR) activity and precipitation in California. We introduce an experimental forecast tool that shows the likelihood of above‐normal and below‐normal AR activity and precipitation based on the phases of the MJO and QBO. Consistent with previous studies, our results demonstrate that AR activity and precipitation in California are strongly influenced by the MJO and the QBO. There is a tendency for below‐normal AR activity and precipitation during easterly QBO conditions in January–March. The opposite pattern (above‐normal AR activity and precipitation) generally occurs during westerly QBO conditions. The results also suggest that our forecast tool has some potential to improve the prediction of AR activity and precipitation. The reliability and usefulness of this forecast tool depend on multiple factors, including the MJO phase, the QBO phase, and the time of year. In California, this forecast tool is likely to provide the most beneficial value during easterly QBO conditions in mid‐winter through early spring. Key Points: The modulation of atmospheric river (AR) activity and precipitation in California by the Madden‐Julian oscillation and quasi‐biennial oscillation is quantifiedA hindcast skill assessment of probabilistic AR activity and precipitation forecasts is presentedAn experimental subseasonal AR activity and precipitation forecast tool is introduced [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The Ballona Creek Estuary (BCE) in Los Angeles, California, is in a highly urbanized watershed, is contaminated by a variety of chemicals, and has prevalent sediment toxicity. Sediment cleanup targets for BCE have been established for Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, chlordane, DDTs, PCBs, and PAHs, based on sediment quality guidelines. A sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was conducted to examine how these targets corresponded to toxicity observed with the estuarine amphipod Eohaustorius estuarius. Whole sediment and porewater TIEs were used to identify the cause of toxicity. Passive samplers were deployed to determine the bioavailable fraction of contaminants. Spiked sediment tests were conducted to determine the thresholds of toxicity for selected constituents. Toxicity was found to be widespread but temporally and spatially variable. Whole sediment and porewater TIEs both indicated pyrethroid pesticides were the most likely contaminant group contributing to the toxicity. Concentrations of the chemicals listed for cleanup were found to often exceed target values but were not observed at concentrations likely to cause toxicity. Bioavailable fractions of the target chemicals quantified using passive samplers did not exceed toxicity thresholds. Spiked sediment tests established 10 day LC50s for 4,4′ DDE, 4, 4′ DDT, α-chlordane, and cyfluthrin at >3050 μg/g, 266 μg/g, >2120 μg/g, and 0.33 μg/g organic carbon (OC), respectively. The cyfluthrin LC50 was within the range of concentrations observed in the estuary sediments, but LC50s for the other 3 chemicals were orders of magnitude greater than observed levels. The combination of TIE, sediment chemistry and the results from spiked sediment exposures indicate pyrethroid pesticides are more likely the cause of the observed toxicity than any of the contaminants targeted for cleanup. The results of this study indicate the importance of using a TIE approach to determine chemicals of concern and dose-response information to set cleanup targets, rather than using sediment quality guidelines. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:260-268. © 2013 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explain cognitive capture, economic sociologists often examine the structure of relationships between regulators and market participants. This paper argues that the nature of regulators' misperception should be subject to analysis as well. Different types of misperceptions develop over timelines of varying lengths. Depending on the misperception, different sets of relationships and parties may therefore be the cause of regulators' capture. The paper illustrates this point with a case study of regulators' failure to detect pervasive market power in California's electricity markets between 1998 and 2001. Existing explanations focus on sellers' short‐term attempts to distract regulators from widespread evidence of market power. Using data from three archives and in‐depth interviews, I show that the regulators did not fall prey to such "information problems." Instead, their misperception resulted from a more foundational "worldview problem." This error affects regulators' basic conception of the marketplace and can be traced to earlier and more gradual forms of influence exerted by utilities that, ironically, would become the victims of market power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Clomazone is a popular herbicide used on California rice fields and exhibits rapid anaerobic microbial degradation ( t1/2 = 7.9 days). To test the potential of direct and indirect photolytic degradation as a cofactor in the overall degradation rate, sacrificial time-series microcosms were amended with water, non-sterilized soil + water and sterilized soil + water. Clomazone was added to each microcosm, which was then exposed to natural and artificial sunlight over 35 days. Water and acetonitrile extracts were analyzed for clomazone and metabolites via LC/MS/MS. RESULTS: The calculated pseudo-first-order degradation rate constants ( k) were kwater = 0-0.005 ± 0.003 day−1, ksterile = 0-0.005 ± 0.003 day−1 and knon−sterile = 0.010 ± 0.002-0.044 ± 0.007 day−1, depending on light type. The formation of ring-open clomazone, a microbial metabolite, correlated with clomazone degradation. Trace amounts of 5-hydroxyclomazone ( m/ z = 256 → 125), aromatic hydroxyclomazone ( m/ z = 256 → 141) and an unknown product ( m/ z = 268 → 125) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The photolytic degradation rate depends on both light type and the quality of the chromophores that induce indirect photolysis. Microbial degradation was found to be sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Overall, microbes are shown to be more detrimental to the environmental fate of clomazone than photolysis. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents several abstracts which will be presented at the Twenty-Third Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, scheduled to be held at the Asilomar Conference Center, on the Monterey Peninsula, in Pacific Grove, California, September 25-28, 1983. Since these abstracts are being published and distributed to all members of the society prior to the annual meeting, they will not be otherwise reproduced and distributed to meeting registrants as in the past. However, additional copies of this issue of Psychophysiology will be available to meeting registrants for a minimal charge at the meeting at Asilomar.

Presents abstracts of articles related to primatology published in the May 1984 issue of "American Journal of Primatology." "Ovulation Control, Sperm Capacitation and Fertilization," by W. R. Dukelow, J. A. Kontio, R. D. Bates and D. L. Pierce; "Implantation and Placentation," by Allen C. Enders; "In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer," by T. J. Kuehl; "Embryo Culture and Transfer in the Baboon," by C. E. and V. Z. Pope and L. R. Beck.

BACKGROUND Integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as a new method of pesticide application into existing commercial crop protection systems requires extensive research and comparison to conventional, proven application technology. Pest control expressed as efficacy against target pests, and spray quality expressed as coverage and chemical residue are three key criteria. We investigated and compared these quantitative parameters between a multi‐rotor UAV and conventional piloted airplanes in two commercial alfalfa production systems. RESULTS: Effective and equivalent control of leaf‐feeding insect pests was achieved by both methods of aerial application when delivering chlorantraniliprole at the same labeled use rate in different spray volumes (46.8 and 93.5 L ha–1) on commercially grown alfalfa in California. Residue levels and spray coverage were also comparable and consistent between the UAV and airplane applications across three sampling techniques, specifically residue levels on alfalfa, insecticide recovery from filter paper, and spray coverage on water sensitive cards. Differences in droplet size and deposit characteristics were more variable for the UAV than airplanes based on analysis of deposition images. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide confidence supporting the use of small‐scale multi‐rotor UAVs for pesticide application on agricultural crops. According to the parameters tested, UAV application quality and crop protection performance were comparable to that of the conventional fixed wing airplane application. However, the droplet spectrum and the short‐term fate of droplets from unmanned aerial spray system require further optimization for effective and efficient crop protection with minimal risk to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calls for using marine protected areas (MPAs) to achieve goals for nature and people are increasing globally. While the conservation and fisheries impacts of MPAs have been comparatively well‐studied, impacts on other dimensions of human use have received less attention. Understanding how humans engage with MPAs and identifying traits of MPAs that promote engagement is critical to designing MPA networks that achieve multiple goals effectively, equitably and with minimal environmental impact.In this paper, we characterize human engagement in California's MPA network, the world's largest MPA network scientifically designed to function as a coherent network (124 MPAs spanning 16% of state waters and 1300 km of coastline) and identify traits associated with higher human engagement. We assemble and compare diverse indicators of human engagement that capture recreational, educational and scientific activities across California's MPAs.We find that human engagement is correlated with nearby population density and that site "charisma" can expand human engagement beyond what would be predicted based on population density alone. Charismatic MPAs tend to be located near tourist destinations, have long sandy beaches and be adjacent to state parks and associated amenities. In contrast, underutilized MPAs were often more remote and lacked both sandy beaches and parking lot access.Synthesis and applications: These results suggest that achieving MPA goals associated with human engagement can be promoted by developing land‐based amenities that increase access to coastal MPAs or by locating new MPAs near existing amenities during the design phase. Alternatively, human engagement can be limited by locating MPAs in areas far from population centres, coastal amenities or sandy beaches. Furthermore, managers may want to prioritize monitoring, enforcement, education and outreach programmes in MPAs with traits that predict high human engagement. Understanding the extent to which human engagement impacts the conservation performance of MPAs is a critical next step to designing MPAs that minimize tradeoffs among potentially competing objectives. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early 2020s diversity, equity, and inclusion movement has prompted debate about banning the use of suspect insurance pricing variables because they discriminate against protected classes, such as gender. This paper demonstrates how banning an insurance pricing variable currently used in insurance pricing models can result in regulatory adverse selection if the ban heterogeneously combines policyowners with different expected losses into the same risk class, contrary to risk‐based pricing. The paper begins by describing several recent regulatory and judicial decisions to ban insurance pricing variables. It next describes the process used by insurers to set insurance prices, followed by a discussion of applicable insurance discrimination laws. Using a simple risk aversion model, the paper next examines whether a ban on gender‐based auto insurance pricing in California in 2019 results in regulatory adverse selection. The paper concludes by describing possible alternative pricing variables available to auto insurers if gender‐based pricing is banned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracing the story of beaver restoration across California, this paper investigates the emerging discourse of 'working with nature' through the lens of animal work and labour, exploring possibilities for, multispecies collaboration. At the intersection of animal geographies, environmental anthropology, and geographies of conservation, this paper finds three concurrent modes of working with beaver: beaver as labourer, beaver as coworker, and beaver as community. Beaver as labourer emerges as a mode where beavers go from material resource to low‐wage labourer, their liveliness predicated on their ability to be working for humans. Beaver as coworker transitions beavers from labourers to workers, respected for their skills as ecosystem engineers to be working with. Beaver as community emerges as a mode in which beavers and humans live with each other as kin, amidst wider multispecies assemblages. This mode sets the foundation to theorise the concept of multispecies collaboration, a term often used in the literature without definition. This paper explores the concept through theories of animal work and labour, challenging the premise of work altogether, while situating multispecies collaboration as an in‐between, a both/and space of working and living with 'nature'. This paper serves as an reflection on the ways in which humans 'work with nature', in a time where various nonhumans are being made to be 'workers'. It presents and analyses these relations, ruminates on implications for governance of these multispecies spaces, and develops the concept of multispecies collaboration as a critical consideration for Nature‐based Solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water literature has mainly investigated the diversion and distribution of water from the source to the end users or the utilization of water at the farm level in crop production. This paper presents a supply chain perspective that links the innovation supply chain of water delivery and irrigation with the complete water supply chain to the crop and the crop supply chains. These supply chains are symbiotic. Changes in the demand for crops, agronomic technology, and knowledge about water will modify the water infrastructure, irrigation technology, land‐use and crop production patterns, and the pricing of water and related commodities. The parameters that guide investment in water innovation and the design of the water supply chain depend on political, economic, and technological considerations that have coevolved over time with water and crop systems. Evidence from California and elsewhere supports the findings of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowcasting is a term originating from economics, finance, and meteorology. It refers to the process of determining the uncertain state of the economy, markets or the weather at the current time by indirect means. In this paper, we describe a simple two‐parameter data analysis that reveals hidden order in otherwise seemingly chaotic earthquake seismicity. One of these parameters relates to a mechanism of seismic quiescence arising from the physics of strain‐hardening of the crust prior to major events. We observe an earthquake cycle associated with major earthquakes in California, similar to what has long been postulated. An estimate of the earthquake hazard revealed by this state variable time series can be optimized by the use of machine learning in the form of the Receiver Operating Characteristic skill score. The ROC skill is used here as a loss function in a supervised learning mode. Our analysis is conducted in the region of 5° × 5° in latitude‐longitude centered on Los Angeles, a region which we used in previous papers to build similar time series using more involved methods (Rundle & Donnellan, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001097; Rundle, Donnellan et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA001757; Rundle, Stein et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/abf893). Here we show that not only does the state variable time series have forecast skill, the associated spatial probability densities have skill as well. In addition, use of the standard ROC and Precision (PPV) metrics allow probabilities of current earthquake hazard to be defined in a simple, straightforward, and rigorous way. Plain Language Summary: Earthquake nowcasting refers to the determination of hazard for major earthquakes at the present time, the recent past, and the near future. Nowcasting is an idea borrowed from economics, markets, and meteorology, where it has been frequently used. In this paper, we show that there is order hidden within chaotic earthquake seismicity using a very simple transformation of the data. Small earthquakes appear to transition from unstable stick‐slip events that produce seismic waves, to stable sliding where no seismic waves are produced. Our hypothesis is that this transition is due to a material phenomenon called strain‐hardening, that is frequently observed in laboratory rock mechanics experiments. The result is a state variable time series, computed over the last 51 years in California, that strongly resembles the long‐anticipated cycle of stress accumulation and release. Using supervised machine learning techniques, we can optimize the two‐parameter model. From that optimized model, we can rigorously calculate the probability of current hazard from major earthquakes. Extending these methods, we can also compute spatial hazard as well. The result is a new method for assessing earthquake hazard that may be useful for a variety of applications. Key Points: "Chaotic" seismicity contains hidden structure in the form of state variable time seriesStandard data science methods can be used to convert the time series to probabilitiesBoth temporal and spatial probabilities can be computed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the meteorological drivers of North American Monsoon (NAM) extreme precipitation events (EPEs) are identified and analyzed. First, the NAM area and its subregions are distinguished using self‐organizing maps applied to the Climate Prediction Center global precipitation data set. This reveals distinct subregions, shaped by the inhomogeneous geographic features of the NAM area, with distinct extreme precipitation character and drivers. Next, defining EPEs as days when subregion‐mean precipitation exceeds the 95th percentile of rainy days, five synoptic features and one mesoscale feature are investigated as potential drivers of EPEs. Essentially all EPEs can be associated with at least one selected driver, with only one event remaining unclassified. This analysis shows the dominant role of Gulf of California moisture surges, mesoscale convective systems and frontal systems in generating NAM extreme precipitation. Finally, a frequency and probability analysis is conducted to contrast precipitation distributions conditioned on the associated meteorological drivers. The findings demonstrate that the co‐occurrence of multiple features does not necessarily enhance the EPE probability. Plain Language Summary: Extreme precipitation is of great importance for both geophysical and socioeconomic reasons. This study first identifies geographic subregions of the North American Monsoon within which extreme precipitation exhibits distinct characteristics. The extreme precipitation events in each subregion are then associated with at least one candidate atmospheric driver, revealing the dominant precipitation drivers among subregions. Depending on the subregions and driver, precipitation rates may increase or decrease when two candidate factors co‐occur. Several such double driver combinations are examined. Key Points: Seven subregions of the North American Monsoon with distinct precipitation characters are identifiedGulf of California moisture surges, mesoscale convective systems and frontal systems are primary drivers of extreme precipitationA probability analysis reveals the nonlinear and non‐additive characters of the interactions among extreme precipitation event drivers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligibility affects food expenditures. A 2019 policy change in California granted SNAP eligibility to previously ineligible Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients. Using the Consumer Expenditure Survey, we find that after the policy change, affected SSI recipients increased their "food at home" budget share between 2.5 and 4.3 percentage points ($120 to $206 per quarter). The SNAP effect on total food expenditures is dampened by a decrease in "food away from home" which SNAP benefits cannot be spent on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new approach capable of measuring local seismic anisotropy from 6C (three‐component translation and three‐component rotation) amplitude observations of ambient seismic noise data. Our recent theory demonstrates that the amplitude ratio of 6C cross‐correlation functions (CCFs) enables retrieving the local phase velocity. This differs from conventional velocity extraction methods based on the travel time. Its local sensitivity kernel beneath the 6C seismometer allows us to study anisotropy from azimuth‐dependent CCFs, avoiding path effects. Such point measurements have great potential in planetary exploration, ocean bottom observations, or volcanology. We apply this approach to a small seismic array at Pin˜ $\widetilde{n}$on Flat Observatory (PFO) in southern California, array‐deriving retrieves rotational ground motions from microseismic noise data. The stress‐induced anisotropy is well resolved and compatible with other tomography results, providing constraints on the origin of depth‐dependent seismic anisotropy. Plain Language Summary: In contrast to the well‐known translational displacement of seismic waves, rotation measures the angle of rotation of a point in a medium as it deforms. Traditionally, the travel time of cross‐correlation functions of translational displacement of ambient seismic noise and its corresponding propagation distance is used to calculate the velocity of the subsurface medium. However, our recent theory shows that the amplitude ratio of translational displacement and rotation allows us to reveal the local velocity of the medium beneath the receiver from ambient seismic noise data and to study anisotropy from earthquake events. This paper points out for the first time that the amplitude observations of 6C cross‐correlation functions of ambient seismic noise provide a new approach to measure the azimuth‐dependent velocity in anisotropic media. Key Points: We show a new approach enabling the extraction of local phase velocity from 6C cross‐correlation functions of ambient noise dataAzimuth‐dependent 6C cross‐correlation functions allow us to study local seismic anisotropy and its depth dependenceLocal anisotropy at Pin˜ $\widetilde{n}$on Flat Observatory is compatible with compression stress, providing constraints on stress‐induced anisotropy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This paper examines trends and correlates of alcohol‐involved motor vehicle crashes (AMVCs) in California between 2005 and 2016 among Hispanic and non‐Hispanic Whites (Whites hereafter). Together these two groups comprise 76% of the state population. The paper also examines whether alcohol outlet density, percentage of Hispanics in census tract populations, and distance to the U.S./Mexico border are related to greater risks for AMVCs. The border is of interest given the greater availability of alcohol in the area. Methods: Crash data come from Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System maintained by the California Highway Patrol. Sociodemographic and community characteristics data from the U.S. Census and alcohol outlet density were aggregated to census tracts. Total motor vehicle crashes and AMVCs were related to these characteristics using hierarchical Bayesian Poisson space–time models. Results: There were over two million injury and fatality crashes during the period of analysis, of which 11% were AMVCs. About 1.7% of these crashes had fatalities. The rate of AMVCs increased among both Whites and Hispanics until 2008. After 2008, the rate among Whites declined through 2016 while the rate among Hispanics declined for 2 years (2009 and 2010) and increased thereafter. Crash distance from the border (RR = 1.016, 95% CI = 1.010 to 1.022) and percent Hispanic population (RR = 1.006; 95% CI = 1.003 to 1.009) were well‐supported results with 95% credible intervals that did not include 1. The percentages of the following: bars/pubs, males, individuals aged 18 to 29 and 40 to 49 years, U.S. born population, individuals below the 150% poverty level, unemployed, housing vacant, and housing owner‐occupied were all positively associated with AMVCs and well supported. Conclusions: Between 2005 and 2016 the rate of AMVCs in California declined among Whites but not among Hispanics. Population‐level indicators of percent Hispanic population, distance to the U.S. Mexico border, gender, age distribution, and socioeconomic stability were positively associated with crash rates, indicating that important contextual characteristics help determine the level of AMVC rates in communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on the meeting of the editorial board of the "Journal of Environmental Quality" (JEQ) on November 2, 2010 in Long Beach, California is presented. It highlights the improvement in the times of handling manuscripts and the newly appointed associated editors (AEs) including Josh McGrath and Conrad Heaterwole. Moreover, it presents a summary of papers published for 2010 issue of JEQ

Reconstructions of Green's functions by ambient noise interferometry enable the imaging of the Earth's subsurface. Coda waves from reconstructed Green's functions can be utilized to perform time‐dependent imaging of processes that vary substantially at daily to monthly time scales in the crust. Time‐lapse Coda‐Wave Imaging (CWI) can detect tiny changes in seismic velocity with high temporal resolution. While previous studies on CWI have mainly focused on the descriptions of coda waves' propagation, little attention has been paid to choosing effective inversion algorithms that are suitable for CWI. Here we address this issue by developing a pragmatic inversion approach based on Voronoi tessellation with mesh cells adapted to coda‐wave sensitivity kernels. Using seismic stations in Central California, we present both synthetic and real data imaging to demonstrate that this approach stabilizes the inversion, is computationally efficient, and provides spatially adaptive resolution. We further propose a heuristic approach for a quantitative assessment of spatial resolution based on multi‐scale checkerboard tests. Plain Language Summary: Seismologists can extract information about the properties and structures beneath the Earth's surface by calculating the interferometry of background seismic vibrations. In recent years, this idea has been widely employed to monitor the time‐varying underground processes associated with tectonic, volcanic, hydrologic, and anthropogenic activities. Coda waves, the waves that are multiply scattered, are often used in monitoring applications because of their high sensitivity and time resolution, but their spatial paths are complicated. In this paper we introduce a new method for improving the inversion in Coda‐Wave Imaging based on Voronoi tessellation. By using mesh cells adapted to the geometry of seismic stations in Central California, we show that this method helps to stabilize the inversion and provide spatially adaptive resolution. Additionally, we propose a straightforward way to assess quantitatively the resolution of the images obtained through this method. Key Points: We present a pragmatic approach to improving coda‐wave imaging of seismic velocity changes based on Voronoi tessellationThis approach stabilizes the spatial inversion and provides adaptive resolution using seismic stations with irregular geometry in Central CaliforniaWe further propose a heuristic approach for a quantitative assessment of the spatial resolution based on multi‐scale checkerboard tests [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a Bayesian model selection framework to determine optimal, parsimonious models for given building structures under ground motion excitation using stochastic filtering. Structural system identification at a regional scale after an earthquake is nominally a monumental task due to its inherently high computational cost. This challenge is currently addressed in the literature by using simplified structural models that bear analytical solutions, such as Timoshenko or shear beams, and shear building models. However, a low computational effort usually leads to an increased prediction error and consequently, a higher model uncertainty. This poses the dilemma of prediction accuracy versus model complexity when selecting a model class to represent a building structure. The proposed framework selects the model class that strikes the best balance between the two. To this end, the notion of cumulative evidence is introduced here as the integral of local evidence over the ground motion duration, which is then formulated as the difference between the cumulative likelihood of the observed measurements and the cumulative penalty. The likelihood measure promotes models whose predictions better match the observations. This is counteracted by the penalty, which is devised as an "Ockham factor," and penalizes models with higher information gains due to their higher complexities, for example, a larger number of parameters. The proposed approach also yields the best tuning parameters of the stochastic filter for each model class and the best initial values of the identification parameters. The proposed framework is verified using a synthetic example, and validated using recorded data from the Millikan Library building in California and the ANX building in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from a keynote panel held at the hybrid 25th International Philosophy of Nursing Conference, this discussion paper examines the question of epistemic silence in nursing from five different perspectives. Contributors include US‐based scholar Claire Valderama‐Wallace, who meditated on ecosystems of settler colonial logics of nursing; American scholar Lucinda Canty discussed the epistemic silencing of nurses of colour; Canadian scholar Amelie Perron interrogated the use of disobedience and parrhesia in and for nursing; Canada‐based scholar Ismalia De Sousa considered what nursing protects in its silences; and Australian scholar Janice Gullick spoke to trans invisibility in nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of mutual aid, which Peter Kropotkin introduced in the 19th century, goes against the logic of competition as a natural condition, and instead shows how mutual aid is a more important factor to consider for the survival and flourishing of a group. The best cooperation strategies allow organisms to adapt to different types of changes in their environment—and we have witnessed a lot of these changes since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This propensity towards cooperation is not a foreign concept, despite how it seems to be overshadowed by individualism in Western societies. These reflections then lead us to believe it is possible to apply the anarchist philosophical principle of mutual aid to our social organizations, rather than giving priority, again and again, to competition and professional hierarchies, especially in healthcare systems, and particularly in hospitals were the majority of nurses work. For us, anarchist philosophical precepts, including but not limited to mutual aid, can be the key to a more adequate functioning of healthcare institutions. Anarchism can help to imagine the first steps needed to take to gradually move away from ideologies that encourage competition, professional hierarchies, and illegitimate authority. In this paper, we will first explore some anarchist philosophical precepts before turning to mutual aid as it is currently conceptualised, then highlight several concrete ways it is visible in nursing, as well as ways it can be applied in hospitals, and healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]