Search

This article offers for inspection the proposition that the adversarial evidence-based litigation process is unsuitable for resolving custody cases in general and relocation cases in particular. It analyzes the leading cases from New York, Massachusetts, California, England, Canada, and Australia. It reaches a conclusion that no jurisdiction has devised a legal standard or formula that enables a judge to predict the future best interest of a child if that child is allowed to relocate with one parent away from the other. For this reason, the court has a duty to offer as sophisticated and friendly a settlement process and atmosphere as possible. However, knowing that judges will still be required to resolve these difficult cases because they often seem impervious to settlement, the article offers thirty-six factors that a court should consider in all move-away cases. By relying on each of these factors that is relevant to the case, the parents will have an understanding of why the decision was made the way it was and it will also allow for effective appellate review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the colonial monetary standard in Massachusetts in the 1600s. It discusses the establishment of a commodity standard in 1640 and the official prices of commodities in Massachusetts during the 1600s. The article details the development of the paper-money standard in 1690. It comments on the topics covered by most recent studies of the monetary system of the American colonies. The establishment of a mint in Boston in 1652 is reported. By 1737 the price of silver had risen. In 1750, the Massachusetts Assembly restored specie payments. The article also considers the objections to the continuation of paper-money issues.

This article presents abstracts of papers to be presented at the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists, scheduled from August 18-22, 1993 in Sturbridge, Massachusetts. A paper studies the proximate mechanisms regulating reproductive success in female Marmosets. Another paper focuses on the causes , risks and consequences of dispersal in male Savannah Baboons in Amboseli National Park. Heterochrony and sexual dimorphism in the skull of the Liberian Chimpanzee are explored in yet another paper.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the twelfth annual meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research, which was held at the Hotel Sheraton-Plaza in Boston, Massachusetts on November 9-12, 1972. The paper presented by J.C. Jackson and F.K. Graham of the University of Wisconsin cites threshold intensity effects on two orienting response components. Sokolovian theory suggests that the orienting response should be large near psychophysical threshold, fall to a minimum around 10-20 decibels and then rise again until it is depressed by competition with the defense reflex.

Background: Engagement is recognized as an important factor in aphasia treatment response and outcomes, yet gaps remain in our understanding of engagement and practices that promote engagement from the client perspective. Aims: The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore how clients with aphasia experience engagement during their inpatient aphasia rehabilitation. Methods & Procedures: An interpretative phenomenological analysis approach guided the study design and analysis. Data were collected through in‐depth interviews with nine clients with aphasia, recruited through purposive sampling, during their inpatient rehabilitation admission. Analysis was completed using a variety of analytic techniques including coding, memoing, triangulation between coders and team discussion. Outcomes & Results: The analysis revealed that for clients with aphasia in the acute phrase of recovery, the rehabilitation process resembles travelling on a journey through a foreign land. Successful engagement in the journey was accomplished when one had a therapist who served as a trusted guide and was able to be a friend, invested, adaptable, a co‐creator, encouraging and dependable. Conclusions & Implications: Engagement is a dynamic, multifaceted and person‐centred process involving the client, provider and rehabilitation context. Findings from this work have implications for measuring engagement, training student clinicians to be skilled facilitators in engaging their clients and implementing person‐centred practices that promote engagement within clinical settings. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject: Engagement is recognized as an important factor in rehabilitation treatment response and outcomes. Prior literature suggests that the therapist plays a critical role in facilitating engagement within the client–provider relationship. Communication impairments associated with aphasia may negatively impact a client's ability to develop interpersonal connections and participate in the rehabilitation process. There is a dearth of research directly exploring the topic of engagement in aphasia rehabilitation, particularly from the perspective of clients with aphasia. Capturing the client perspective can provide novel insights regarding practices to foster and maintain engagement in aphasia rehabilitation. What this paper adds to existing knowledge: This interpretative phenomenological study revealed that for individuals with aphasia in the acute phase of recovery, the rehabilitation process resembles travelling on a sudden and foreign journey. Successful engagement in the journey was accomplished when one had a therapist who served as a 'trusted guide' and was able to be a friend, invested, adaptable, a co‐creator, encouraging and dependable. Through the client experience, engagement is seen as a dynamic, multifaceted and person‐centred process involving the client, provider and rehabilitation context. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: The current study highlights the complexity and nuance of engagement within the rehabilitation context, which has implications for measuring engagement, training student clinicians to be skilled in engaging their clients and implementing person‐centred practices that promote engagement within clinical settings. It is necessary to recognize that client and provider interactions (and thus engagement) are embedded in and influenced by the broader healthcare system. With this in mind, a patient‐centred approach to engagement in aphasia care delivery cannot be achieved through individual efforts only and may require prioritization and action at the systems level. Future work is needed to explore barriers and facilitators to enacting engagement practices, in order to develop and test strategies to support practice change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maintenance of wind farms is one of the major factors affecting their profitability. During preventive maintenance, the shutdown of wind turbines causes downtime energy losses. The selection of when and which turbines to maintain can significantly impact the overall downtime energy loss. This paper leverages a wind farm power generation model to calculate downtime energy losses during preventive maintenance for an offshore wind farm. Wake effects are considered to accurately evaluate power output under specific wind conditions. In addition to wind speed and direction, the influence of wake effects is an important factor in selecting time windows for maintenance. To minimize the overall downtime energy loss of an offshore wind farm caused by preventive maintenance, a mixed‐integer nonlinear optimization problem is formulated and solved by the genetic algorithm, which can select the optimal maintenance time windows of each turbine. Weather conditions are imposed as constraints to ensure the safety of maintenance personnel and transportation. Using the climatic data of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, the schedule of preventive maintenance is optimized for a simulated utility‐scale offshore wind farm. The optimized schedule not only reduces the annual downtime energy loss by selecting the maintenance dates when wind speed is low but also decreases the overall influence of wake effects within the farm. The portion of downtime energy loss reduced due to consideration of wake effects each year is up to approximately 0.2% of the annual wind farm energy generation across the case studies—with other stated opportunities for further profitability improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Use of the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) has been essential to the success of the Massachusetts Hemovigilance Program and has allowed for the timely identification of signals and trends over a defined population that correlate with national and international hemovigilance (HV) data. Here, we outline how the NHSN system is used for monitoring HV data in Massachusetts and encourage adoption of NHSN for nationwide HV surveillance. Study Design and Methods: A collaboration that grew over time between local HV stakeholders and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) resulted in the change from a paper‐based method of reporting adverse reactions and monthly transfusion activity for compliance with state requirements to replacement with statewide adoption of reporting via NHSN. Results: Over 1.5 million blood products were transfused in Massachusetts between 2017 and 2021, with 3000 adverse reactions among 10 defined types reported. Using NHSN, MDPH has been able to produce numerous reports, publications, and presentations that have made previously non‐obtainable HV and blood utilization data available. Discussion: Although limitations to these self‐reported data exist, such as lack of external validation, successful statewide implementation of NHSN for hospital blood bank reporting is possible and has benefits beyond those for regulatory oversight. It results in standardized, actionable data at both the hospital and state level, enabling inter‐facility comparisons, benchmarking, and opportunities for practice improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Dental fear and anxiety are known determinants of delaying or avoiding dental care and vary considerably based on factors such as age and gender. However, little is known about dental fear and anxiety in racial/ethnic minority populations, which bear a disproportionate burden of poor oral health outcomes. Structural and social pathways responsible for producing these disparities are also understudied. Experiences of racism over the lifecourse may contribute to poor oral health outcomes through a pathway of dental fear and anxiety. This paper aimed to evaluate perceived experiences with racism, dental fear and anxiety, and the utilization of dental services, in the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a United States‐based prospective cohort. Methods: Analysis of prospective data obtained from a geographic subset of participants in the BWHS was conducted. In 2014, BWHS participants residing in Massachusetts responded to a mailed oral health questionnaire that included the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF‐4C+) instrument (N = 484; 69% response rate). Previously collected demographic and health information, along with reported experiences of everyday and lifetime racism, obtained from national BWHS questionnaires between 1995 and 2009, were merged with the Massachusetts‐based sub‐sample. Associations between high dental anxiety (HDA) (mean IDAF‐4C+ score ≥2.5 on the dental fear and anxiety module) and oral health outcomes and perceived racism and HDA were explored via prevalence ratios (PR) calculated using log‐binomial regression models, including adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Reported exposures to everyday racism occurred weekly on average for the top 25% of the sample, while 13% of participants reported exposure to multiple (n = 3) experiences of unfair treatment due to their race over their lifetime. HDA was prevalent among 17.8% of the sample and was significantly associated with indicators of poor oral health status. High exposures to everyday and lifetime experiences of racism were positively associated with HDA (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.58 and PR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.88, respectively). Conclusions: Significant associations between racism and HDA, and between HDA and poor oral health and reduced utilization of dental care were observed. Dental anxiety may be a pathway through which perceived experiences with racism may impact oral health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clark psychology in the post&shyHallian era has attracted little attention from scholars. The only general account, Carl Murchison's ‘Recollections of a Magic Decade at Clark’ (1959), is both partisan and limited in scope. This paper examines the ‘second cycle’ of the Clark department in a period of unusual productivity in research, publication and graduate training from the mid-twenties to the mid-thirties, as well as the internal tensions and constraints that led the department to self-destruct in 1936 and lose its scholarly leadership and professional visibility until the post-World War II era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Bullying is a significant problem in schools and measuring this concept remains problematic. The purposes of this study were to (1) identify the published self-report measures developed to assess youth bullying; (2) evaluate their psychometric properties and instrument characteristics; and (3) evaluate the quality of identified psychometric papers evaluating youth bullying measures. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted using 4 electronic databases. Data extraction and appraisal of identified instruments were completed using a standardized method and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses ( PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS Thirty-one articles describing 27 self-report instruments were evaluated in our analysis. Quality assessments ranged from 18% to 91%, with 6 papers reaching or exceeding a quality score of 75%. Limited evidence supporting the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of existing youth bullying measures was identified. CONCLUSIONS Evidence supporting the psychometric soundness of the instruments identified was limited. Many measures were in early development and additional evaluation is necessary to validate their psychometric properties. A pool of instruments possesses acceptable initial psychometric dependability for selected assessment purposes. These findings have significant implications for assessing youth bullying and designing and evaluating school-based interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Collabo RATE is a brief patient survey focused on shared decision making. This paper aims to (i) provide insight on facilitators and challenges to implementing a real-time patient survey and (ii) evaluate Collabo RATE scores and response rates across multiple clinical settings with varied patient populations. Method All adult patients at three United States primary care practices were eligible to complete Collabo RATE post-visit. To inform key learnings, we aggregated all mentions of unanticipated decisions, problems and administration errors from field notes and email communications. Mixed-effects logistic regression evaluated the impact of site, clinician, patient age and patient gender on the Collabo RATE score. Results While Collabo RATE score increased only slightly with increasing patient age ( OR 1.018, 95% CI 1.014-1.021), female patient gender was associated with significantly higher Collabo RATE scores ( OR 1.224, 95% CI 1.073-1.397). Clinician also predicts Collabo RATE score (random effect variance 0.146). Site-specific factors such as clinical workflow and checkout procedures play a key role in successful in-clinic implementation and are significantly related to Collabo RATE scores, with Site 3 scoring significantly higher than Site 1 ( OR 1.759, 95% CI 1.216 to 2.545) or Site 2 (z=−2.71, 95% CI −1.114 to −0.178). Discussion This study demonstrates that Collabo RATE can be used in diverse primary care settings. A clinic's workflow plays a crucial role in implementation. Patient experience measurement risks becoming a burden to both patients and administrators. Episodic use of short measurement tools could reduce this burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten years ago, Bowen and Ostroff () criticized the one-sided focus on the content-based approach, where researchers take into account the inherent virtues (or vices) associated with the content of HR practices to explain performance. They explicitly highlight the role of the psychological processes through which employees attach meaning to HRM. In this first article of the special section entitled 'Is the HRM Process Important?' we present an overview of past, current, and future challenges. For past challenges, we attempt to categorize the various research streams that originated from the seminal piece. To outline current challenges, we present the results of a content analysis of the original 15 articles put forward for the special section. In addition, we provide the overview of a caucus focused on this theme that was held at the Academy of Management annual meeting in Boston in 2012. In conclusion, we discuss future challenges relating to the HRM process approach and review the contributions that have been selected-against a competitive field-for this special issue. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Pneumococcal vaccination is important for patients taking immunosuppressive medications, but prior studies suggest that most patients do not undergo vaccination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a point-of-care paper reminder form as a quality improvement (QI) strategy to increase the numbers of immunosuppressed patients being kept up-to-date with pneumococcal vaccination in a rheumatology practice. Methods Selected rheumatologists at 5 ambulatory practice sites received a point-of-care paper reminder form to be applied to patients who were not up-to-date with pneumococcal vaccination. Interrupted time-series analyses were used to measure the effect of the intervention on the pneumococcal vaccination rates among patients, comparing the rates in the intervention group with those in a control group of rheumatologists who did not receive the intervention. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were examined to identify independent predictors of being up-to-date with pneumococcal vaccination. Results We evaluated a total of 3,717 patients (66.0% with rheumatoid arthritis) who were taking immunosuppressive medications (74.1% women, mean age 53.7 years). Rheumatologists who received the intervention had a significant increase in the rate of patients who were up-to-date with pneumococcal vaccination, from 67.6% to 80.0% ( P = 0.006), in the time period following the intervention, compared to a rate that remained stable, from 52.3% to 52.0% ( P = 0.90), among patients in the nonintervention control group during this same time period. In regression models, positive predictors of being up-to-date with pneumococcal vaccination at the patient level included the following: having received the intervention (hazard ratio [HR] 3.58, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.46-5.20), having a primary care physician affiliated with Brigham and Women's Hospital (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.44-1.97), having a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.02-2.41), and being age 56-65 years at baseline, compared to age ≤45 years (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.51). Conclusion A QI strategy involving a simple point-of-care paper reminder form significantly increased the rate of being up-to-date with pneumococcal vaccination among patients receiving immunosuppressive medications in our rheumatology practices over a 6-month period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kampmann C. E. (1996) Feedback loop gains and system behavior Proceedings of the 1996 International System Dynamics Conference. System Dynamics Society, Boston, MA, USA In the past two decades, there has been a steady growth of analytical tools that can help the system dynamicist understand and test the behavior of large models. Without such tools, we must resort to simulation experiments and intuition developed from simple, low-order, systems. While this traditional approach has served us well, there is always the danger that we overlook important mechanisms in larger systems or falsely attribute behavior patterns to particular structures. Among these new analytical tools, eigenvalue elasticity analysis (EEA) has received the most attention, perhaps because it rests on a consistent and comprehensive theoretical foundation. The approach involves decomposing system outcomes into characteristic behavior modes, each characterized by an eigenvalue of the linearized system matrix, and then examining how each eigenvalue or behavior mode is affected by small changes in the parameters of the system. The eigenvalue elasticity of a parameter change is a dimensionless number, defined as the fractional change in the eigenvalue resulting from a fractional infinitesimal change in that parameter. Parameters or structural links or loops in the model that have large elasticities are then interpreted as playing a dominant role in that behavior mode. EEA was first used by Nathan Forrester in his doctoral dissertation from 1982. However, it did not receive much attention in the field until the 1996 International System Dynamics Conference, where Christian Kampmann presented a rigorous analysis of the topology of feedback loop structures and how eigenvalue elasticities are related to the strength of individual feedback loops. Since then, an entire strand of research has been devoted to the development and application of EEA, where Kampmann's conference paper remains a seminal reference. Yet until now, the paper has never been published, and researchers have had to rely on private circulation of various drafts of the paper. With this archival publication, we wish to remedy this deficiency in the hope that the work will inspire others to continue developing EEA and further the high standards of analytical rigor that Kampmann's paper represents. Abstract Linking feedback loops and system behavior is part of the foundation of system dynamics, yet the lack of formal tools has so far prevented a systematic application of the concept, except for very simple systems. Having such tools at their disposal would be a great help to analysts in understanding large, complicated simulation models. The paper applies tools from graph theory formally linking individual feedback loop strengths to the system eigenvalues. The significance of a link or a loop gain and an eigenvalue can be expressed in the eigenvalue elasticity, i.e., the relative change of an eigenvalue resulting from a relative change in the gain. The elasticities of individual links and loops may be found through simple matrix operations on the linearized system. Even though the number of feedback loops can grow rapidly with system size, reaching astronomical proportions even for modest systems, a central result of the paper is that one may restrict attention to an independent subset which typically grows only linearly and at most as the square of system size. An algorithm for finding an independent loop set is presented, along with suggestions for how to augment it to select loops with large elasticities. For illustration, the method is applied to a well-known system: the simple long-wave model. Because this model exhibits highly nonlinear behavior, it sheds light on the usefulness of linear methods to nonlinear system. The analysis leads to a more thorough and deeper understanding of the system and sheds new light on conventional wisdom regarding the role of many of the system's feedback loops. Copyright © 2012 System Dynamics Society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind turbine blade certification requires static and fatigue testing at a large‐scale facility similar to the Wind Technology Testing Center (WTTC) located in Charlestown, Massachusetts. Usually, these tests are conducted by using wire‐based sensors such as strain gages, accelerometers, and string potentiometers. These systems are expensive, require a time‐consuming installation (e.g., up to 3 weeks and $35 k–$50 k for a strain gage system on a 55‐m‐long blade), are difficult to deploy on large‐sized structures, require additional instrumentations (e.g., power amplifiers and data acquisition systems), and produce results only at a handful of a discrete number of measurement points. In this study, a multicamera measurement system is implemented and experimentally evaluated to obtain full‐field displacement and strain over a ~12‐m‐long portion of a ~60‐m utility‐scale wind turbine blade. The proposed system has the potential to streamline the certification process by reducing the blade's preparation and sensor installation cost and time to a few hundreds of dollars (for painting equipment) and a few days for preparing the surface of the blade for the test. Furthermore, operational modal analysis was used in conjunction with the multicamera system to estimate the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the wind turbine blade. The obtained results have shown that the proposed approach can detect in‐plane displacement as low as 0.2 mm, mechanical strain with an error below 3% when compared with measurement performed using strain gages, and the first five natural frequencies with an error below 2% when compared with data recorded using traditional wire‐based accelerometers. This paper presents these results and provides a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed optical measurement approach in the context of streamlining the blade certification/testing process and performing vision‐based structural dynamic measurements on large‐scale structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autistic youth are often understood as emotionally suspect in schools, workplaces and households, and autistic behaviour is strongly regulated. In contrast, neurodiversity advocates suggest that all sociality exists on a spectrum, and that autistic people represent the diversity of that spectrum. Situated within this debate, this paper examines the narratives of specialists who navigate pedagogies of emotional suspicion in their work with autistic youth. I draw on interviews with autism professionals in Massachusetts, USA to elucidate how they negotiate the tensions between regulating emotional behaviour and recognising emotional diversity as they mediate the construction of autistic youth as emotional suspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Home care (HC) aide is among the fastest‐growing jobs. Aides often work in long‐term care relationships with elders or people with disabilities in clients' homes, assisting with daily activities. The purpose of this mixed‐methods paper is to elucidate aides' experiences around the boundary‐challenging behaviors of clients asking for services beyond aides' job duties and to identify possible interventions. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey of HC aides in Massachusetts (n = 1249) provided quantitative data. Post‐survey qualitative data were collected from nine HC aide focus groups (n = 70) and seven in‐depth interviews with HC industry and labor representatives. Results: Quantitatively, aides who reported often being asked to do tasks outside their job duties were more likely to report abuse (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.47‐2.52 for verbal, PR = 1.81; 95%CI: 1.13‐2.91 for physical/sexual) and pain/injury with lost work time or medical care (PR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.11‐2.25). They were also less likely to want to remain in their job (PR = 0.94; 95%CI: 0.89‐1.00) or recommend it to others (PR = 0.94; 95%CI: 0.90‐0.98). Qualitative data showed that clients' requests for tasks beyond job duties were frequent and can lead to injuries, abuse, and psychosocial stress. Yet, requests often reflected genuine need. Helping clients stay at home, compassion, and feeling appreciated contributed to job satisfaction; therefore, aides can feel conflicted about refusing requests. Conclusion: Client task requests outside HC services are a complex problem. Employer support, training, care plans, and feeling part of a care team can help aides navigate professional boundaries while delivering high quality care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim The United States (US) and other affluent countries consume vast quantities of global natural resources, but contribute proportionately less to the extraction of many raw materials. This imbalance is due, in part, to domestic policies intended to protect the environment. Ironically, developed nations are often better equipped to extract resources in an environmentally prudent manner than the major suppliers. Thus, although citizens of affluent countries may imagine that preservationist domestic policies are conserving resources and protecting nature, heavy consumption rates necessitate resource extraction elsewhere and oftentimes under weak environmental oversight. A major consequence of this ‘illusion of natural resource preservation’ is greater global environmental degradation than would arise if consumption were reduced and a large portion of production was shared by affluent countries. This paper considers some implications of the consumption, management and conservation of forests and wood at a local and global scale. Location We focus on Massachusetts, the eighth most forested state in the USA (by area), the third most densely populated, and an affluent region with consumption rates that are among the highest in the country. Methods Estimates of wood production and consumption are generated, and comparisons are made with other commonly used materials (e.g. steel, concrete, aluminium). Results A comparison of the feasibility and environmental impact of various strategies for dealing with rising wood demand suggests that the US should strive to: (1) reduce per capita consumption of wood and its substitutes, (2) recycle forest products more effectively, (3) protect extensive areas of intensively managed and unmanaged forests and (4) promote sound forest management where the environmental consequences are mild. Forestry and the sustainable generation of wood in Massachusetts would allow preservation of primary forests elsewhere in... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the annual conference titled "Creating the Future from Within" of the System Dynamics Society that is to be held in Massachusetts from July 21-25, 2013. He also highlights that conference will feature poster sessions, workshops and advanced analysis techniques for study of systematic dynamics. He also invites researchers for submission of research papers and topics that should be discussed in conferences and meetings of the society.

Presents an abstract of the study `Declining ovarian function during the latter half of the reproductive lifespan,' by M.T. O'Rourke and P.T. Ellison. Patterns of ovarian endocrine decline among women in Boston, Massachusetts; Follicular and luteal phase estradiol in different age groups; Declining oocyte quality with age.

For most auto insurance coverages, insureds are cross-classified by at least two variables: driver class and territory. Traditional classification ratemaking has employed a multiplicative technique equivalent to the assumption of a completely interactive model. In this paper, the traditional method and the closely associated log-linear model are found, for recent Massachusetts experience, to lead to biased pricing for drivers in high-rate class-territory combinations. An additive model eliminates this bias and has slightly superior overall accuracy. Constraints are selected so that model parameters describe natural actuarial quantities. The different effects of dependency in exposure distributions and interaction between variables are brought into focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the program of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists, scheduled for August 18-22, 1993 in Sturbridge, Massachusetts. The Society is pleased to support the display of a privately owned antique collection or nonhuman primate prints at the meeting of the society. The Barbados Primate Research Center and Wildlife Reserve is proud to display a collection of original engravings of monkeys and apes. It represents early efforts to show nonhuman primates in a scientific (albeit anthropomorphic) style, drawn from a wide range of zoological publications.

BACKGROUND The withholding of recess for disciplinary purposes has been acknowledged but studied on a limited basis. The perspectives of children have not been heard at all on this subject. METHODS: Our paper draws upon semistructured child interviews, which were one activity within a multifaceted study. A subset of students was interviewed about recess and about the experience of having teachers who withheld recess. RESULTS: Interviewees favored recess and other parts of school that allowed physical activity and social interaction over more sedentary, isolating parts of school. Many understood teachers' rationale for withholding recess; some thought it was helpful, up to a point. Others did not think it was solving the problems it was designed to address. They were skeptical it was having a beneficial effect on the small number of peers who lost recess regularly. CONCLUSION: Most respondents showed deference to their teachers and were inclined to regard them as wise and fair. The data from these interviews indicated that many children experienced anxiety, regret, and sometimes resentment with regard to the practice of withholding recess. Many wished teachers could identify other means of discipline to address issues that led to losing recess. This study provides a valuable perspective that has been missing from the policy discussions about recess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops several propositions that link compensation strategy and the effectiveness of the compensation system. The underlying argument is that effectiveness at realizing intended pay strategies depends significantly on the existence of a match between compensation strategies, organization and environment. These propositions are tested in a sample of 33 high tech and 72 non-high tech firms or business units in the Boston Route 128 area. Respondents are managers responsible for compensation policies in these firms or business units. The relationships among compensation strategies, organization characteristics and environment are explored. The findings may help researchers conceptualize, and practitioners manage, the relationship between reward processes and strategy in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Redox processes, aqueous and solid‐phase chemistry, and pH dynamics are key drivers of subsurface biogeochemical cycling and methanogenesis in terrestrial and wetland ecosystems but are typically not included in terrestrial carbon cycle models. These omissions may introduce errors when simulating systems where redox interactions and pH fluctuations are important, such as wetlands where saturation of soils can produce anoxic conditions and coastal systems where sulfate inputs from seawater can influence biogeochemistry. Integrating cycling of redox‐sensitive elements could therefore allow models to better represent key elements of carbon cycling and greenhouse gas production. We describe a model framework that couples the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Land Model (ELM) with PFLOTRAN biogeochemistry, allowing geochemical processes and redox interactions to be integrated with land surface model simulations. We implemented a reaction network including aerobic decomposition, fermentation, sulfate reduction, sulfide oxidation, methanogenesis, and methanotrophy as well as pH dynamics along with iron oxide and iron sulfide mineral precipitation and dissolution. We simulated biogeochemical cycling in tidal wetlands subject to either saltwater or freshwater inputs driven by tidal hydrological dynamics. In simulations with saltwater tidal inputs, sulfate reduction led to accumulation of sulfide, higher dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations, lower dissolved organic carbon concentrations, and lower methane emissions than simulations with freshwater tidal inputs. Model simulations compared well with measured porewater concentrations and surface gas emissions from coastal wetlands in the Northeastern United States. These results demonstrate how simulating geochemical reaction networks can improve land surface model simulations of subsurface biogeochemistry and carbon cycling. Plain Language Summary: Coastal wetlands can store carbon rapidly but are difficult to represent in current models for accurate accounting of how much carbon can be trapped. This difficulty is due to the complex interactions between tides, chemical reactions, and water salinity, which strongly affect the decay of organic matter and the production of greenhouse gases. We enhanced an existing model by linking it to a powerful chemical reaction simulator such that organic matter decomposition was tightly connected to chemical reactions involving key components such as sulfur, iron, oxygen, and methane. We used this model to compute the effect of salinity on organic matter decomposition and greenhouse gas production in saline and freshwater wetlands. The model predicted much lower methane emissions from saltwater‐affected wetlands, which compared well to field measurements from coastal wetland sites in Massachusetts, USA. This model improves the accounting of carbon in wetland ecosystems and opens a broad range of possibilities for representing complex chemistry in land models. Key Points: Coastal wetlands store large amounts of carbon and are sensitive to chemical interactions driven by salinity and tidal fluctuationsWe coupled a land surface model to a reactive transport model to simulate biogeochemical cycling in saline and fresh tidal wetlandsSulfate availability in saline wetlands lowered simulated methane emissions, which compared well with site measurements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents one of the first quantitative assessments of the effect living wage laws have had on firms covered by their mandate. Applying difference-in-difference estimation methods to survey data from Boston, Massachusetts, I find little evidence of reduced employment or hours worked, following living wage implementation. Instead, there is strong evidence that firms actually shifted from part-time towards full-time staffing as a result of Boston's living wage law. Estimates also reveal a substantial degree of wage compression within firms who raised wages. Finding no evidence of reduced employment or hours, this paper uses qualitative survey data to examine other ways in which firms may have adjusted to higher wages. I find some evidence that covered firms have taken lower profits as a way to adjust to the Boston law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Profiles professor John D. C. Little of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Educational attainment; Current affiliations; Contributions made for the development of the journal "International Transactions in operational Research."

Policies and regulations designed to address nutrient pollution in coastal waters are often complicated by delays in environmental and social systems. Social and political inertia may delay the implementation of cleanup projects, and even after the best nutrient pollution management practices are developed and implemented, long groundwater travel times may delay the impact of inland or upstream interventions. These delays and the varying costs of nutrient removal alternatives used to meet water quality goals combine to create a complex dynamic decision problem with tradeoffs about when, where, and how to intervene. We use multi‐objective optimization to quantify the tradeoffs between costs and minimizing the time to meet in‐bay nutrient reduction goals represented as a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). We calculate the impact of using in‐bay (in situ) nutrient removal through shellfish aquaculture relative to waiting for traditional source control to be implemented. We apply these methods to the Three Bays Watershed in Cape Cod, Massachusetts. In gross benefit terms, not accounting for any social costs, this equates to an average value of 37¢ (2035 TMDL target date) and 11¢ (2060 TMDL target date) per animal harvested over the plan implementation period. Our results encourage the consideration of alternative and in situ approaches to tackle coastal pollution while traditional source control is implemented and its effects realized over time. Research Impact Statement: Shellfish are worth between 11‐37¢ per animal harvested when compared to traditional approaches to dealing with nutrient pollution on Cape Cod, MA, USA. The timing of the pollution cleanup matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies the institutional character of pre-1920 psychology at Clark University with founding President G. Stanley Hall's active ‘patronage’ of ‘outsiders,’ argues that the origins of this institutional character can be found in Hall's own personal character and temperament, and traces the influence of this institutional character through much of the psychology done at Clark before 1920. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of road networks is a critical activity in contemporary transportation networks. Deep neural networks have recently demonstrated excellent performance in the field of road segmentation. However, most of the convolutional neural network (CNN) based architectures could not verify their effectiveness in remote sensing images due to a smaller ratio of the targeted pixels, simple design, and fewer layers. In this study, a practical approach is assessed for road segmentation. The investigation was begun with basic encoder–decoder based segmentation models. Different state‐of‐the‐art segmentation models like U‐Net, V‐Net, ResUNet and SegNet were used for road network detection experiments in this research. A robust model named DeepRoadNet, a more complicated alternative, is proposed by utilizing a pre‐trained EfficientNetB7 architecture in the encoder and residual blocks as the decoder which mostly resembles the U‐Net segmentation process. The proposed model has been trained, validated as well as tested using the high‐resolution aerial image datasets and yielded good segmentation results with a mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 76%, a mean dice coefficient (mDC) of 73.18%, and an accuracy of 97.64% using Massachusetts road dataset. The proposed DeepRoadNet architecture overcomes the issues of lower mIoU, lower mDC, limited flexibility and interpretability already faced by existing models in the road segmentation field. The code is available at https://github.com/Imteaz1998/DeepRoadNet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents proceedings of the Annual meeting of the Phycological Society of America at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, held between June 17-22, 1973. All sessions of the program at which contributed papers were presented are joint sessions of the Phycological Society of America and the Phycological Section of the Botanical Society of America. Various topics were covered in different sessions. Session one was on Taxonomy and Morphology while sessions two was on Physiology and Biochemistry.

Recent interest in online assessment of scientific inquiry has led to several new online systems that attempt to assess these skills, but producing models that detect when students are successfully practising these skills can be challenging. In this paper, we study models that assess student inquiry in an immersive virtual environment, where a student navigates an avatar around a world, speaking to in-game characters, collecting samples and conducting scientific tests with those samples in the virtual laboratory. To this goal, we leverage log file data from nearly 2000 middle school students using virtual performance assessment (VPA), a software system where students practice inquiry skills in different virtual scenarios. We develop models of student interaction within VPA that predict whether a student will successfully conduct scientific inquiry. Specifically, we identify behaviours that lead to distinguishing causal from non-causal factors to identify a correct final conclusion and to design a causal explanation about these conclusions. We then demonstrate that these models can be adapted with minimal effort between VPA scenarios. We conclude with discussions of how these models serve as a tool for better understanding scientific inquiry in virtual environments and as a platform for the future design of evidence-based interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the Massachusetts Health Reform Survey, self-reported health measures in predicting individuals with high future health care needs, and the American Community Survey and the Survey of Income Program Participation.

ABSTRACT This paper outlines a model of designing a service delivery system for a targeted population of high-risk Medicaid families. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has created a new focus on a population that has high behavioral health and medical needs. Medicaid families are segmented into categories based on the criteria outlined in the ACA and a service delivery system is suggested. The model calls for the creation of specialty services in the community that reach out to high-risk families and provide ongoing integrated care that strives for improved health outcomes. The psychoanalytic principles used in attachment theory and power dynamics are offered as a method of creating new responses to complicated health and behavioral health problems in Medicaid families. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper describes a therapeutic mentoring program involving 150 children over a period of three years. The program is operated from an outpatient clinic, in this case using psychodynamic supportive therapy delivered in the home as a clinical hub for high-risk families referred by child welfare, juvenile justice, or courts. This program is part of Massachusetts Children's Behavioral Health Initiative (CBHI, 2013). This model of therapeutic mentoring requires all youth be involved with individual or family therapy and that the technique is designed to stabilize aggressive behavior in the community and begin to develop lasting social skills that can be sustainable in the community as a protective factor against poverty, social deviance and violence. The process of mentoring is viewed as an adjunct to therapy and a concrete way to practice mentalizing while learning to engage in a positive community activity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This study examined the influence of parental marital status, parent-child sexual communication, parent-child closeness on the HIV-related knowledge, safer-sex intentions, and behaviors of late adolescent urban African American males. Design The study employed a cross-sectional design with retrospective recall of salient parental influences and behaviors. Methods Data were collected via paper-and-pencil questionnaire from 134 late adolescent African American males, 18 to 22 years of age, recruited from urban communities in and around Boston, Massachusetts. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlations, paired t tests, and regression modeling. Findings Young men reported greater amounts of sexual communication with mothers than fathers ( p < .001). Parent-child closeness was positively correlated with amount of parent-child sexual communication with both mothers and fathers ( p < .001 for both). Parent-child closeness was, in turn, associated with greater condom use self-efficacy ( p < .01), less permissive sexual attitudes ( p < .001), fewer sexual partners ( p < .01), and less unprotected sex ( p < .01). Greater amounts of parent-child sexual communication were associated with fewer sexual risk behaviors, more consistent condom use, and greater intentions to use condoms in the future. There was evidence that parental influences on sexual risk behaviors and condom use intentions were mediated through young men's condom use self-efficacy, attitudes, and beliefs. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of the parent-child relationship and the role of parent-child communication between parents and sons. Further studies are needed to better understand the nature of father-son communication and develop strategies to help parents communicate effectively with sons. Clinical Relevance Evidence has shown that African American adolescent males are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. Understanding the sexual risk communication between African American adolescent males and their parents is important to developing strategies in reducing sexual risk behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fishing communities are highly dependent on fishing and maritime economies. Regulations and techniques attempt to control quotas, types of fish caught, and the gear utilized in the industry. Furthermore, societal preferences and markets dictate the value of the fish transacted. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship and recent changes between fishing and community development in two fishing communities in Massachusetts: Gloucester and New Bedford. Moreover, I also discuss the role that fish food plays in cities and their foodways. The research asks how these communities have adapted to changes in fishing stocks, techniques, socioeconomic trends and regulations during the last two decades. A resilience public affairs approach centered on seven governance dimensions of fisheries is utilized to analyze the case studies. It is argued that specializing in niche markets, developing adequate industry facilities, and nurturing the cultural aspects endemic to each fishing community has positively influenced the communities' capacity to withstand major societal transformations. The harbor plans for Gloucester and New Bedford provide some plausible directions toward future improvements in the fishing sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research sought to better understand how clinical and translational research is defined and perceived by community service providers. In addition, the research sought to elicit how the perspectives of service providers may hinder or facilitate collaborative research efforts. The study employed a qualitative methodology, focus groups. A nonprobability sampling strategy was used to recruit participants from three neighborhoods in the Tufts University's catchment area. Focus group findings add to the nascent body of literature on how community partners view clinical and translational research and researchers. Findings indicate that cultural disconnects, between researchers and community partners exist, as does mistrust, all of which serve as potential barriers to community research partnerships. This paper suggests rethinking the business of community engagement in researcher, particularly as it relates to building research capacity to approach, engage, and partner with communities. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 329-332 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Services to families have traditionally been delivered in a medical model. This presents challenges including workforce shortages, lack of cultural diversity, lack of training in strength-based work, and difficulty in successfully engaging and retaining families in the therapy process. The system of care (SOC) effort has worked to establish formal roles for caregivers in SOC to improve services. This paper provides an example of one community's efforts to change the SOC by expanding the roles available to caregivers in creating systems change. It describes the model developed by Communities of Care (CoC), a SOC in Central Massachusetts, and its evolution over a 10 year period. First person accounts by system partners, caregivers hired into professional roles as well as a family receiving services, demonstrate how hiring caregivers at all levels can change systems and change lives, not only for those being served but for the caregiver/professionals doing the work. It also demonstrates, however, that change at the system level is incremental, takes time, and can be fleeting unless an ongoing effort is made to support and sustain those changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the life and works of Roland Clark Davis, former chairman of the organizing board of the Society for Psychophysiological Research (SPR). He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts by educators William Chalmers Davis and Effie Estelle Clark. He studied at Columbia University and his doctoral dissertation tackled the factors that affect the galvanic reflex. He founded a psychophysiology laboratory in Bloomington, Indiana and helped to form the basis of psychophysiology.

The article reflects on medical researches prepared on patients participation in health care services. It investigates a patient-centered approach to assess health care expenditures. It highlights how quality information from financial incentives and multiple sources affect consumer choice of physician in Massachusetts. It examines the psychometric properties of Hibbard's Patient Activation Measure (PAM).

Although we know a great deal about the percentage of youth who drink alcohol, we know very little about the specific brands they choose to drink. This information gap needs to be addressed if public health officials are to develop more effective interventions. Unfortunately, there are no national youth surveys that collect data on alcohol brand consumption. In this paper, we describe the development and pilot testing of what we believe to be the first comprehensive, Internet-based youth survey of brand-specific alcohol use. We used online advertising in 3 U.S. cities to recruit a convenience sample of 241 respondents, ages 16 to 18 years. We used Craigslist, a network of online communities that features local classified advertisements, to recruit the sample. We used SurveyGizmo, an online software program for designing Internet surveys, collecting data, and performing basic analysis, to survey these respondents about their brand-specific alcohol consumption patterns. The survey instrument assessed each respondent's 30-day drinking history, including the frequency of consumption for each alcohol brand. Using Internet survey technology, we were able to collect information on 366 brands and still have respondents complete the instrument quickly and easily. The total number of brands consumed in the past 30 days ranged from 1 to 18, with a median of 4 brands. The top 5 brands consumed were beer brands, as were eleven of the top 15 brands. The remaining 4 brands in the top 15 included 3 brands of flavored alcoholic beverages and 1 brand of mixed drink. Among the top 15 alcohol brands consumed during heavy drinking episodes were 8 brands of beer, 4 brands of flavored alcoholic beverages, 2 brands of wine, and 1 brand of mixed drink. This pilot study helps establish the feasibility of including brand-specific questions on federal or other national youth alcohol surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massachusetts entered the current recession carrying a structural deficit counterbalanced by a healthy, $2.1 billion stabilization fund, equal to 10 percent of total tax revenue. Like most states, Massachusetts only dimly realized the depth of the current recession in October 2008 when revenue collections began to slip and welfare caseloads began to increase. By May of 2009, a total FY2009 budget gap of $4 billion had been identified, the combined effect of plummeting revenues and increased costs for welfare and medical assistance. The Commonwealth closed the FY2009 budget gap through a combination of budget cuts, stabilization fund transfers, and federal stimulus funds. The Commonwealth faced an even larger $4.8 billion budget gap in FY2010. With the stabilization fund severely depleted, the FY2010 budget gap was closed primarily by budget cuts, federal stimulus money, and a sales and use tax increase. Because of the Commonwealth's reliance on one-time money to close current budget gaps, a significant budget gap of at least $2.8 billion for FY2011 was identified soon after passage of the budget. In this paper we discuss the political and historic context in which the budget gaps occurred, outline the causes of the budget gaps, and evaluate the strategies employed to close them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of Project Labor Agreements (PLAs) on school construction cost in Massachusetts. Although simple models exhibit a large positive effect of PLAs on construction costs, such effects are absent from more completely specified models. Further investigation finds sufficient dissimilarity in schools built with and without PLAs that it is difficult to distinguish the cost effects of PLAs from the cost effects of factors that underlie the use of PLAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Community Labor United (CLU), a nonprofit in Boston, Massachusetts that builds a bridge between labor unions and community organizations. Using interviews with key participants, CLU's formation, structure and strategies are revealed. In 2004 the Greater Boston Labor Council, with the help of the national AFL-CIO, launched CLU. The essay demonstrates how the new non-profit organization provides an anchor for ongoing work to build the kinds of alliances between labor and community groups that establish real power for working people in the greater Boston region. To build this power CLU engages in strategic research, leadership development and community organizing. This paper examines how labor and community leaders in Boston have set out on the road for building regional power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the management of stabilization funds by local governments in Massachusetts. It assesses the implementation and funding of stabilization funds and explores how they were utilized to respond to a midyear reduction in state aid. We find that stabilization funds correlate weakly with unreserved general fund balances. We also construct multiple regression models to predict stabilization and general fund balances. We surmise that communities have either implicit or explicit financial management strategies in which slack resources play more than countercyclical roles. Further research is needed to determine the role of stabilization funds in local government financial management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]