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Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) or OCT angiography (OCTA) has been investigated in few research studies of psychiatric disorders. No research has been done using OCT or OCTA in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Methods: OCTA measured foveal avascular zone (FAZ), macular vessel density (MVD), and peripapillary vessel density (PVD). OCT measured the peripapillary retinal fiber layer (RNFL) and central retinal thickness (CRT). The study utilized the Ottawa Self‐Injury Inventory, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) to assess the symptom characteristics of individuals with BPD. Results: Fifty‐nine eyes of BPD patients and 58 eyes of normal subjects were analyzed, MVD of the superficial retinal capillary plexus declined noticeably in most subfields (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in the whole inner ring and outer ring index between BPD and HC groups (p < 0.05). The patients with BPD exhibited lower RNFL and CRT, the difference was significant (p < 0.05). CRT indicated a significant negative correlation with the Ottawa Self‐Injury Inventory (p < 0.05). In addition, we observed that there was a negative correlation identified between the MVD of the inner ring and HAMA (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the MVD of the outer ring was positively correlated with GAF (p < 0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) for distinguishing BPD and HC eyes in OCTA were the highest for fovea MVD (0.679), followed by outer ring MVD (0.669), inner ring MVD (0.641), FAZ (0.579). In OCT, CRT was highest for BPD (0.711), followed by RNFL (0.625). Conclusion: The OCT and OCTA can non‐invasively detect microvascular and morphology changes of the retina in BPD patients compared to healthy control subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are constructed by linking organic building blocks via dynamic covalent bonds, are newly emerged and burgeoning crystalline porous copolymers with features including programmable topological architecture, pre‐designable periodic skeleton, well‐defined micro‐/meso‐pore, large specific surface area, and customizable electroactive functionality. Those benefits make COFs as promising candidates for advanced electrochemical energy storage. Especially, for now, structure engineering of COFs from multi‐scale aspects has been conducted to enable optimal overall electrochemical performance in terms of structure durability, electrical conductivity, redox activity, and charge storage. In this review, we give a fundamental and insightful study on the correlations between multi‐scale structure engineering and eventual electrochemical properties of COFs, started with introducing their basic chemistries and charge storage principles. The careful discussion on the significant achievements in structure engineering of COFs from linkages, redox sites, polygon skeleton, crystal nanostructures, and composite microstructures, and further their effects on the electrochemical behavior of COFs are presented. Finally, the timely cutting‐edge perspectives and in‐depth insights into COF‐based electrode materials to rationally screen their electrochemical behaviors for addressing future challenges and implementing electrochemical energy storage applications are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Alterations in neuronal activity and cerebral hemodynamics have been reported in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) patients, possibly resulting in neurovascular decoupling; however, no neuroimaging evidence confirmed this disruption. This study aimed to investigate the possible presence of neurovascular decoupling and its clinical implications in childhood IGE using resting‐state fMRI and arterial spin labeling imaging. Methods: IGE patients and healthy participants underwent resting‐state fMRI and arterial spin labeling imaging to calculate degree centrality (DC) and cerebral blood flow (CBF), respectively. Across‐voxel CBF‐DC correlations were analyzed to evaluate the neurovascular coupling within the whole gray matter, and the regional coupling of brain region was assessed with the CBF/DC ratio. Results: The study included 26 children with IGE and 35 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (HCs). Compared with the HCs, the IGE group presented lower across‐voxel CBF‐DC correlations, higher CBF/DC ratio in the right posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, middle frontal gyrus, and medial frontal gyrus (MFG), and lower ratio in the left inferior frontal gyrus. The increased CBF/DC ratio in the right MFG was correlated with lower performance intelligence quotient scores in the IGE group. Conclusion: Children with IGE present altered neurovascular coupling, associated with lower performance intelligence quotient scores. The study shed a new insight into the pathophysiology of epilepsy and provided potential imaging biomarkers of cognitive performances in children with IGE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe and evaluate the application of a new 3‐D printing‐assisted personalized macular buckle for patients with myopic foveoschisis (MFS). Methods: Twelve eyes of 12 patients with MFS were included in this study. Preoperative MRI images were subsequently measured after marker implantation and imported into the MIMICS software for the 3‐D reconstruction of a virtual model of an eyeball and a marker. The virtual eyeball model was designed according to the degree of retinoschisis, which was measured using optical coherence tomography preoperatively. A macular buckle was designed using a titanium stent, assisted by 3‐D printing; furthermore, it was surgically placed in combination with pars plana vitrectomy. Visual acuity, axial length and anatomic outcomes were analysed pre‐ and postoperatively. Results: Macular schisis in all patients was completely resolved after the surgery without any postoperative complications. The mean postoperative best corrected visual acuity (LogMAR) improved significantly from 1.21 to 0.92 during the 6‐month follow‐up period (p < 0.001) and reached 0.9 (p < 0.001) after 2 years. The axial length was significantly shortened during the 2 years postoperatively follow‐up period (p < 0.01). The average axial lengths in all patients decreased from 30.62 mm preoperatively to 29.81 mm 1 month postoperatively and remained around 30.16 mm from 1 year after the surgery. Conclusion: The 3‐D printing technique is useful to predict the indentation height and position of the macular buckle. The 3D‐printing‐assisted macular buckle, in combination with vitrectomy, is an effective, safe and accurate treatment modality for MFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both ligands QUI and TPA show high efficiency in the title reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]