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Review: 212 refs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein acetylation and crotonylation are important posttranslational modifications of lysine. In animal cells, the correlation of acetylation and crotonylation has been well characterized and the lysines of some proteins are acetylated or crotonylated depending on the relative concentrations of acetyl‐CoA and crotonyl‐CoA. However, in plants, the correlation of acetylation and crotonylation and the effects of the relative intracellular concentrations of crotonyl‐CoA and acetyl‐CoA on protein crotonylation and acetylation are not well known. In our previous study, PaACL silencing changed the content of acetyl‐CoA in petunia (Petunia hybrida) corollas, and the effect of PaACL silencing on the global acetylation proteome in petunia was analyzed. In the present study, we found that PaACL silencing did not significantly alter the content of crotonyl‐CoA. We performed a global crotonylation proteome analysis of the corollas of PaACL‐silenced and control petunia plants; we found that protein crotonylation was closely related to protein acetylation and that proteins with more crotonylation sites often had more acetylation sites. Crotonylated proteins and acetylated proteins were enriched in many common Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. However, PaACL silencing resulted in different KEGG pathway enrichments of proteins with different levels of crotonylation sites and acetylation sites. PaACLB1‐B2 silencing did not led to changes in the opposite direction in crotonylation and acetylation levels at the same lysine site in cytoplasmic proteins, which indicated that cytoplasmic lysine acetylation and crotonylation might not depend on the relative concentrations of acetyl‐CoA and crotonyl‐CoA. Moreover, the global crotonylome and acetylome were weakly positively correlated in the corollas of PaACL‐silenced and control plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, polyaniline rafted to the surface of AlOOH (PANI/AlOOH) composites were successfully synthesized and applied for chromium (Cr(VI)) adsorption from aqueous solutions. Cr(VI) adsorption isotherms were described by Langmuir model well and the maximum adsorption capacity was 66.77 mg/g at pH=5 and T=298 K. Cr(VI) adsorption was attributed to chemisorption and outer‐sphere surface complexation. The interaction mechanism was further investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques, and the results suggested the partially reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Cr(VI) removal was mainly related with the electrostatic attraction and chelation of different Cr(VI)/Cr(III) species with protonated nitrogen‐containing functional groups (‐NH+, ‐NH‐) on PANI/AlOOH. PANI/AlOOH composites were synthesized and applied as adsorbent for Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions. Surface adsorbed Cr(VI) could be reduced to Cr(III). Cr(VI) removal was mainly related with the electrostatic attraction and chelation of different Cr(VI)/Cr(III) with protonated nitrogen‐containing functional groups (‐NH+, ‐NH‐) on PANI/AlOOH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]