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Indigenous peoples in Canada, regardless of their nation, have long asserted their place on their ancestral territories now known as Canada. Indigenous peoples thrived on their ancestral territories during the pre-contact period. However, with the arrival of outsiders from Europe, Indigenous peoples experienced major shifts and overwhelmingly detrimental changes to their distinct ways of life, social structures, economies, governance systems and everyday processes. This article provides an overview of both the historicity and contemporary understanding of Canada's imposition of policies and laws on Indigenous peoples, often by violent means. These actions derived as part of the continuum of building and expanding of the Canadian settler nation-state. Both past and current policies have worked to undermine Indigenous self-determination and governance. These policies were paradoxically codified using terms such as inclusionary, equality and dignity. This article specifically examines the federal government's 1969 Statement of the Government on Indian Policy (the 'White Paper, which proposed eliminating any recognition of the rights of Indigenous people in Canada'), and it references the more recent Indigenous Rights Framework which the federal government introduced in 2018. It argues that both of these documents were designed to suppress, erase and assimilate Indigenous peoples. This article also provides an overview of the ways in which Indigenous peoples have mobilized in response to these attacks on their right to selfdetermination and their historical treaty rights with Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With Canadian data ranging from 1991 to 2011, this paper investigates the effects of the number of years since migration on the earnings of immigrants from the United States and the United Kingdom in Canada. The aim is to test whether the 'negative assimilation' hypothesis proposed by Chiswick and Miller (Ind Labor Relat Rev 64(3):502-525, 2011) for immigrants to the United States is a universal finding for immigrants from countries with similar economic standing and skill transferability to those of the destination country. We also expand on Chiswick and Miller's work by doing regressions for both males and females and by comparing to Chinese immigrants, a representative group from a less developed country. We find that the negative assimilation hypothesis does not hold for the Canadian labor market. Specifically, the assimilation rate is close to zero for U.K. immigrants and strictly positive for U.S. immigrants (although lower than that of a comparison group of Chinese immigrants). The assimilation rates are also higher for females than for males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper two gaps in North American immigrant homeownership research are addressed. The first concerns the lack of studies (especially in Canada) that identify changes in homeownership rates by skin color over time, and the second relates to the shortage of comparative research between Canada and the United States on this topic. In this paper the homeownership levels and attainment rates of Black, Chinese, Filipino, White, and South Asian immigrants are compared in Canada and the United States for 1970/1971–2000/2001. For the most part, greater similarities than differences are found between the two countries. Both Canadian and U.S. Chinese and White immigrants have the highest adjusted homeownership rates of all groups, at times even exceeding comparably positioned native-born households. Black immigrants, on the other hand, tend to have the lowest ownership rates of all groups, particularly in the United States, with Filipinos and South Asians situated between these extremes. Most of these differences stem from disparities that exist at arrival, however, and not from differential advancement into homeownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While a fairly large body of empirical research and policy documents exists on immigrant integration in Canada, studies on refugee integration are scarce. This paper attempts to fill this gap. It summarizes what is known about refugees' economic and socio-cultural integration patterns in Canada and what integration services are available to them in order to identify empirical knowledge gaps and service gaps. Whenever salient and possible, the distinction among the Government-Assisted Refugees, Privately Sponsored Refugees, Landed-in-Canada Refugees and refugee claimants is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores Canada's response, through our Refugee and Humanitarian Resettlement Program, to developments in international refugee policy and will ask how Canada's resettlement program could be used more strategically in the future so as to meaningfully contribute to resolving protracted refugee situations globally while ensuring the successful integration of refugees from these situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Native Studies is the property of Brandon University, CJNS, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article studies the influence of cultural norms on economic outcomes. We combine detailed information on second-generation female immigrants with historical data from their ancestral source countries to see how the cultural endowment affects current decisions on work and fertility. We show that results using the standard approach are somewhat sensitive to context and specification. We then extend to reveal an education gradient for cultural assimilation: lower-educated women exhibit a strong influence of cultural variables while higher-educated women show no influence at all. We gather and present evidence on several potential mechanisms for the education gradient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Findings from a 1991 sample survey of recent Chinese immigrants in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, are presented in this paper. Politics and children's education topped the list of various factors that had pushed the Chinese away from their home countries or regions. They were also the most important goals expected to he achieved through emigration. Canada's perceived multiculturalism, lower levels of racial discrimination, and good educational opportunities were reasons for more than 75% of the respondents who chose to migrate to Canada. The study also revealed the constraints and uncertainties that had been perceived by the immigrants in the process of deciding to emigrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data on the flow of immigrants and their stock at a given point in time, it has been estimated that 15 to 25 per cent of immigrants have departed after 10 years. Departures are somewhat higher for immigrants from countries culturally similar to Canada, and for persons who are over 50 years of age on arrival. About 60 per cent of emigration from Canada in the period 1961-86 consists of the departure of previous immigrants. Partly because of this component of emigration, the extent of emigration relative to immigration has been high in Canadian history, and remains in the range of 30 to 45 emigrants per 100 immigrants. The paper ends with a discussion of the dynamics of return migration and its importance to Canadian immigration policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work on the determinants of alimony awards a sparse and often speculative. The present study tests the human capital and needs models of alimony with data from Alabama. The results of Tobit regression analyses provide mixed support for both theories. For example, the human capital model was supported for duration of marriage but not husband's education. The economic need model was supported for age of wife, but not her education or presence of children. While some indicators of both models are written into Alabama's Legal Code on divorce, most indicators of both models are not predictive of alimony awards in practice. Models of alimony should perhaps also look to consensual, normative factors rather than being constrained by those that find expression in legal codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Onomastica is the property of Instytut Jezyka Polskiego PAN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Consumption differences were examined between French-speaking, bilingual, and English-speaking Canadian families from the greater Ottawa/Hull metropolitan area. Significant differences wore found for a wide variety of consumption behaviors, media usage, and durable goods ownership. These differences existed even after social class and income were removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using eleven crass-sectional surveys spanning 1981-92, the authors compare the earnings of immigrant and native-born men in Canada. Apparently, recent immigrant cohorts have suffered no decline in earnings. Job tenure is found to be a strongly significant determinant of earnings; previous estimates of immigrant earnings differentials, which have not incorporated job tenure information, may partly reflect differences in tenure between immigrants and the native-born. When the sample is restricted to pairs of surveys that are close to the Census survey years, the estimates of cohort effects are sensitive to the choice of survey years. One possible explanation for that sensitivity is suggested by the finding that macroeconomic conditions are a statistically significant determinant of the rate of assimilation of recent immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RAP: Revista Brasileira de Administração Pública is the property of RAP: Revista Brasileira de Administracao Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent decades, group autonomy approaches to multiculturalism have gained legitimacy within both academic and policy circles. This article examines the centrality of group autonomy in the multiculturalism debate, particularly in the highly influential approach of Will Kymlicka. I argue that his response to the dilemmas of liberal-democratic multiculturalism relies on an underdeveloped conceptualization of group autonomy. Despite presumably good intentions, his narrow notion of cultural group autonomy obscures the requirements of minority group members' democratic capabilities and thereby works against the kind of transformative change that 'accommodated' groups are seeking from the state. Although some critics (Young 1990; Benhabib 2002) have gone so far as to reject autonomy-based approaches to accommodation altogether (Young 1990, 251), I suggest that this position goes too far. In response, I offer an intermediary position between those that defend and those that reject an autonomy-based approach. Instead of fully rejecting autonomy as a guiding principle for multiculturalism, I develop an ethics of care approach to group autonomy based on relationality, which addresses the inadequacies of the dominant approach to multiculturalism. Such an account of group autonomy is a vital step toward reconciling multiculturalism with the necessary components of liberal-democratic citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the enforcement of transnational white solidarity with focuses on Asian migration and the formation of the U.S.-Canadian borders. It states the peculiarity of the U.S. immigration law that banned the return of migrant Japanese laborers, who have migrated from the state of Washington to work in Canada for a short period of time. It tells that the Japanese migrant workers were caught in the midst of change in the North American regimes for broader spatial and social transformations, which were far from the traditional system, in an effort to regulate and discipline Asian mobility and to enforce a new racialized geographical boundary.

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)