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1. Endophytic and rhizobacteria functionalities in alleviating drought stress in maize plants.

Author

AGUNBIADE, VICTOR FUNSO and BABALOLA, OLUBUKOLA OLURANTI

Subjects
PLANTING, DROUGHTS, WATER shortages, RHIZOBACTERIA, ENDOPHYTIC bacteria, CORN
Abstract

Drought stress is among the significant forms of abiotic stresses that unfavourably affects maize survival as well as the development from germination to maturity. This paper, therefore, reviewed drought stress effects in maize plants and expatiated on the plausible adoptable mitigation measures to employ in curbing these effects as well. Water shortage prompts drought stress that alters the morphological, physiological and biochemical activities in maize plants. The major drought stress implications on the plant's survival are mostly in the area of altered metabolic functions, including nutrient metabolism, cell membrane integrity, water relationships, plant yield, photosynthetic processes, osmotic adjustment, and the pigment content. Mitigating strategies, such as the breeding of drought-tolerant varieties, genomic applications for drought tolerance enhancement in maize plants, as well as the use of rhizobacteria and endophytic bacteria, can be employed in alleviating drought stress and ensuring optimal maize productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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2. Evaluative Lessons for Agriculture and Agribusiness

Author

Evaluation Cooperation Group

Subjects
CROP VARIETIES, MEAT PRODUCTION, BEVERAGES, NARS, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, FOOD SHORTAGES, AGRICULTURAL LAND, CROP HARVEST, PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, NATIONAL ECONOMIES, PRODUCTION INPUTS, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, BREEDING, INCOME, AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM, COMPETITIVENESS, SOYBEANS, DEMAND FOR FOOD, NATIONAL RESEARCH SYSTEM, FERTILIZERS, DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES, COTTON PRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT BANKS, EXTENSION, FARMERS, PLANT PROTECTION, ANIMAL DISEASES, CROPPING SYSTEMS, AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES, INCOMES, SUGAR, IRRIGATION SYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, GLOBAL WARMING, PROPERTY RIGHTS, AFDB, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS, INDUSTRIALIZATION, POVERTY REDUCTION, ANIMAL HEALTH, FOOD PRODUCTION, FAO, LAND REFORM, FARMERS RIGHTS, NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEM, CASSAVA, WORKING CAPITAL, AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION, CROP PRODUCTION, BIODIVERSITY, HUNGER, FOOD DEMAND, SUGAR BEET, FOOD PROCESSING, PUBLIC GOOD, RURAL POPULATION, CLIMATE CHANGE, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, CONSUMERS, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, ARABLE LAND, GDP, CGIAR, PESTICIDES, AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS, BIOTECHNOLOGY, COMMODITY CROPS, PEST CONTROL, TAXATION, OVERVALUED EXCHANGE RATES, EXPORTS, AGRICULTURAL R&D, AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT, WATER USE EFFICIENCY, FINANCIAL CRISES, SORGHUM, DECENTRALIZATION, CROPPING, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, AGRICULTURAL CREDIT, NUTRITION, FARMING, SOIL EROSION, FARM PRODUCTS, CEREAL YIELDS, AGRICULTURAL AREAS, WHEAT, NATIONAL RESEARCH, MICROFINANCE, RICE, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, CROPS, AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, CEREALS, DISEASE CONTROL, DONOR AGENCIES, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, FARMER PARTICIPATION, AGRICULTURAL BANKS, TUBERS, BENCHMARKING, MAIZE, AGRICULTURE PROJECTS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, GLOBAL FOOD SUPPLY, DRAINAGE, INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, SOIL HEALTH, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, MILK, ROOT CROPS, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, FINANCIAL SECTOR, BEEF, POPULATION GROWTH, ROOTS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, PRODUCTIVE ASSETS, THE CONSULTATIVE GROUP, FINANCIAL CRISIS, AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS, FOOD PRICES, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION, DISEASES, RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS, ANIMAL FEED, ASSETS, AGRICULTURAL MARKETS, COTTON, SEEDS, INTEGRATION, GREENHOUSE GAS, INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS, ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, WORLD BANK LENDING, FARMS, FISH, PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES, RICE RESEARCH, RURAL POVERTY, FOOD SAFETY, CROP, SOIL CONSERVATION, GDP PER CAPITA, MILLET, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, PLANT HEALTH, INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, TRADE REFORMS, MARKETING, GREEN REVOLUTION, CORN, AGRICULTURE, INNOVATION, UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION, AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENTS, IRRIGATION, BUSINESS PLANS, FOOD NEEDS, MEAT, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS, FOOD SECURITY, BENCHMARK, DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS, FARMLAND, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, MEATS, APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY, HUMAN CAPITAL, PRIVATE SECTOR, UNITED NATIONS, NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS, AGRIBUSINESS, FOOD COMMODITIES, RURAL ROADS, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, EXTENSION SERVICES, ACCESS TO CREDIT, GRAIN, NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH, GROWTH RATE, PROJECT LOANS, SOIL NUTRIENTS, INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS, FARMING SYSTEMS, FORESTRY, AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, PESTS, FOOD PRODUCTS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS, LIVESTOCK, AFRICAN FARMERS, NATURAL RESOURCES, SOILS, ADB, ADVERSE EFFECTS, CROP YIELDS, IFPRI, CAPACITY BUILDING, WATER RESOURCES, DEFORESTATION, IDB, IFAD
Abstract

Agricultural investments made by developing countries and multilateral development banks (MDBs) have declined in recent decades. This decline is associated with a slowdown in the growth of agriculture productivity. Most development institutions have recognized the damage caused by this past neglect, in part evident in rising food prices, and renewed attention to agriculture and agribusiness is emerging. But this renewed interest will need to deliver results, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the MDBs have had the least success but where the needs and opportunities are enormous. This paper synthesizes recent work by the independent evaluation agency members of the Evaluation Cooperation Group (ECG) and incorporates lessons from related research by MDBs and from the academic literature on agriculture and agribusiness. The objectives of the paper, in addition to distilling evaluative lessons for agriculture and agribusiness, are to examine the key constraints on the sector and to provide evaluators, operational staff, and policy makers with an evaluative perspective on interventions in countries at different stages of development.

Published
2011

3. Agriculture in Nicaragua : Performance, Challenges, and Options

Author

Piccioni, Norman Bentley

Subjects
INDICATORS, INVESTMENT, INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, MEAT PRODUCTION, INFRASTRUCTURE, DAIRY PRODUCERS, HARVEST, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SOLAR ENERGY, COMMODITIES, MILK, BLACK SIGATOKA, CIAT, CGIAR RESEARCH, CROP RESIDUES, TROPICAL AGRICULTURE, EXTERNALITIES, AGRICULTURAL LAND, BEEF, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, POPULATION GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, AGROCHEMICALS, POPULATION, PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, BREEDING, PLANNING, GROUND BEEF, SCIENCE, AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION, PROGRAM REVIEWS, POVERTY RATES, DAIRY PRODUCTS, MALNUTRITION, NATIVE VEGETATION, FOOD PRICES, OVERGRAZING, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, AGRICULTURAL LANDS, SOYBEANS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, LEGUMES, AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION, LOSS OF CROPS, PEANUTS, MANURE MANAGEMENT, NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS, COFFEE, DISEASES, FERTILIZERS, SEEDS, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS, VIOLENCE, FARMERS, GREENHOUSE GAS, BEEF EXPORTS, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SUGAR, BORDER PRICES, PEANUT, AGRICULTURAL PRICE, MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, FARMS, RURAL POVERTY, WATERSHED, GLOBAL WARMING, AGRICULTURAL WASTE, YIELD LOSSES, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGRICULTURAL POLICIES, LANDS, ANIMALS, SOIL CONSERVATION, CROP, POVERTY REDUCTION, NEMATODES, FAO, OILSEED CROP, RESISTANT FORAGE, RICE CROPS, PLANT HEALTH, CROP PRODUCTION, POULTRY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, BIODIVERSITY, FOOD DEMAND, CORN, GENETIC VARIABILITY, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEM, AGRICULTURE, INNOVATION, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL POPULATION, SOIL QUALITY, CLIMATE CHANGE, RURAL EMPLOYMENT, CATTLE, BEAN, RESEARCH, PASTURES, PALM OIL, TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION, ARABLE LAND, AGRICULTURAL CROPS, MEXICO, CGIAR, METHANE, FORESTS, RICE CULTIVATION, FEED, ACCESS TO—FOOD, RAW MATERIALS, MEAT, LIVESTOCK PRODUCER, AGRICULTURAL BENEFIT, FOOD SECURITY, TARIFFS, INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, FARMLAND, SORGHUM, LIVE CATTLE, MEAT SUPPLY, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, CROPPING, AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES, AGRICULTURAL AREA, LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS, AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION, TREES, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, FARMING, CROP MANAGEMENT, AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION, UNITED NATIONS, GREENHOUSE GASES, SOIL DEGRADATION, ACCESS TO FOOD, TRAINING, ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, WHEAT, AGRIBUSINESS, BEANS, RURAL ROADS, FF, CERTIFIED SEED, CREDIT, ACCESS TO CREDIT, SUGARCANE, GRAIN, BOVINE POPULATION, USAID, SEASONS, TECHNOLOGY, RICE, OILSEED CROPS, FARMING SYSTEMS, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, FORESTRY, CROPS, CEREALS, AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, MANURE, PESTS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, FOOD LEGUMES, INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR TROPICAL AGRICULTURE, WATER EROSION, LIVESTOCK, SEED VARIETIES, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, FUNGI, AGRICULTURE PROGRAMS, AGRICULTURAL CENSUS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, LIVE ANIMALS, NATURAL RESOURCES, AGRICULTURAL CYCLES, AGROFORESTRY, SOILS, CROP YIELDS, WATER RESOURCES, DEFORESTATION, IFAD, MAIZE, OILSEED
Abstract

This work summarizes background papers prepared for the World Bank Group with significant input from government counterparts and other development partners. It takes stock of major recent developments and argues that a lot has been achieved in the last decade in terms of production of commodities for export and food consumption, with favorable impact on rural poverty reduction. It also argues that the two factors driving the recent agricultural performance, namely favorable international prices and expansion of the agricultural frontier, have reached their limits. So while trade policies are broadly on target, much can be done by focusing on the productivity of small family agriculture and improving competitiveness by reducing transaction costs (logistics) affecting small, medium, and large commercial farms. In the short to medium term, the household income of the rural poor will continue to depend largely on agriculture. Thus interventions will need to take into account the heterogeneity of smallholder agriculture while simultaneously increasing its resilience to climate risks through climate-smart agriculture.

Published
2015