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In order to study the vibration isolation characteristics in water, based on the Flügge theory, a double-walled cylindrical shell model with spring connection is established using the wave propagation method. The fluid inside the inner shell is considered in the model. The reliability of the theoretical method is verified by comparing the calculation results of the mean square velocity with those of the finite element method. The effects of spring stiffness, spring number, fluid load, and inter-shell fluid thickness on vibration transmission of inner and outer shells are studied. The results show that the fluid loading effect of the water medium inside the inner shell can act on the inner shell and the outer shell simultaneously, while the fluid loading effect of the outboard fluid only acts on the outer shell. Under the condition of keeping the total spring stiffness unchanged, increasing the number of springs can reduce the vibration transmission from the inner shell to the outer shell, especially the vibration transmission from the inner shell to the outer shell at low frequencies. The "vibration short circuit" effect easily occurs in the inter-shell water, which is independent of the thickness of inter-shell water. When the elastic connection stiffness is small, the inter-shell water plays a leading role in vibration transmission in the whole frequency range. When the stiffness of elastic connection is large, the inter-shell water plays a leading role in vibration transmission at low frequencies, while the elastic connection plays a leading role in vibration transmission at high frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]