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Accurately predicting peptide secondary structures remains a challenging task due to the lack of discriminative information in short peptides. In this study, PHAT is proposed, a deep hypergraph learning framework for the prediction of peptide secondary structures and the exploration of downstream tasks. The framework includes a novel interpretable deep hypergraph multi‐head attention network that uses residue‐based reasoning for structure prediction. The algorithm can incorporate sequential semantic information from large‐scale biological corpus and structural semantic information from multi‐scale structural segmentation, leading to better accuracy and interpretability even with extremely short peptides. The interpretable models are able to highlight the reasoning of structural feature representations and the classification of secondary substructures. The importance of secondary structures in peptide tertiary structure reconstruction and downstream functional analysis is further demonstrated, highlighting the versatility of our models. To facilitate the use of the model, an online server is established which is accessible via http://inner.wei‐group.net/PHAT/. The work is expected to assist in the design of functional peptides and contribute to the advancement of structural biology research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel method (GcForest-PPI) to predict protein–protein interactions. • The PseAAC, AD, MMI, CTD, AAC-PSSM and DPC-PSSM are fused to extract feature information. • The elastic net is employed to eliminate redundant and irrelevant features. • We firstly use deep forest as classifier to predict PPIs via layer-by-layer processing of raw features. • GcForest-PPI model has good generalization ability on cross-species datasets and PPIs network. Prediction of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) helps to grasp molecular roots of disease. However, web-lab experiments to predict PPIs are limited and costly. Using machine-learning-based frameworks can not only automatically identify PPIs, but also provide new ideas for drug research and development from a promising alternative. We present a novel deep-forest-based method for PPIs prediction. Firstly, pseudo amino acid composition (PAAC), autocorrelation descriptor (Auto), multivariate mutual information (MMI), composition-transition-distribution (CTD), amino acid composition position-specific scoring matrix (AAC-PSSM), and dipeptide composition PSSM (DPC-PSSM) are adopted to extract and construct the pattern of PPIs. Secondly, elastic net is utilized to optimize the initial feature vectors and boost the predictive performance. Finally, we ensemble XGBoost, random forest, and extremely randomized trees to construct deep forest model via cascade architecture for PPIs prediction (GcForest-PPI). Benchmark experiments reveal that the proposed approach outperforms other state-of-the-art predictors on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Helicobacter pylori. We also apply GcForest-PPI on independent test sets, CD9-core network, crossover network, and cancer-specific network. The evaluation shows that GcForest-PPI can boost the prediction accuracy, complement experiments and improve drug discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]