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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exogenous oxytocin and PGF2a on seminal quality and libido sexualis in bucks. To investigate the role of these hormones on male fertility, semen samples from 20 Norduz bucks (3-4 years of age) were collected with an artificial vagina twice a week with five replications in breeding season. Bucks were randomly assigned to five groups, control group was administered with 2 mL of sodium chloride, 0.9% (w/v)) i.m., whilst the experimental groups were administered with oxytocin 10 IU, i.v. (Group 1, n = 5), oxytocin 20 IU, i.v. (Group 2, n = 5), PGF2a 5 mg, i.m. (Group 3, n = 5) or PGF2a 10 mg, i.m. (Group 4, n = 5) 20 min before each collection. There was no statistical difference between the treatment groups in terms of motility (P>0.05). However, semen volume, concentration, abnormal spermatozoa rate, intact membrane rate and libido results were statistically significant among the different groups (P<0.05). As a result, administration of 20 IU oxytocin twenty minutes prior to semen collection in bucks did not improve overall semen quality, however, libido, semen volume, and sperm concentrations were increased. In contrast to oxytocin, PGF2a administration has led to a slight decrease in libido and has shown moderate effects on semen quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and oxytocin have been used to improve reproductive performance in many mammalian species, including humans. The aim of the present study was to determine their effects on sperm quality when extended stallion semen was enriched with PGF2α or oxytocin. In this study, 16 healthy adult stallions, each 15-22 years old, were used. Five ejaculates from each stallion were collected with an artificial vagina during breeding season. Thereafter, gel-free semen was divided into 7 aliquots and diluted with an INRA96 semen extender. The following different treatments were evaluated: 3 with only PGF2α (10, 20, and 40 µg/mL) and 3 with only oxytocin (2, 3, and 4 IU/mL). Sperm quality was evaluated before and after applying the different treatments. In vitro addition of oxytocin to semen did not show improvement in any of the sperm quality parameters measured. However, sperm supplementation with 40 µg of PGF2α caused a significant increase (P < 0.05) in diluted semen motility. We concluded that the addition of PGF2α to elder stallions' semen may help maintain sperm motility. Future research might assess the effects of PGF2α on fertility. Our results were based on in vitro evaluations, and thus further fertility trials are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose (FDG) uptake patterns in primary tumors and metastatic lesions, and also to assess the diagnostic contribution of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the initial staging of gastric cancer (GC)., Methods: The total number of 341 patients with GC were included in this study. All 18 F-FDG PET/CT imagings were performed for initial staging. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max ) of primary tumor, obtained from 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging was compared between subtypes of GC., Results: Mean SUV max of 339 patients’ primary tumor was 12.9±8.6. The highest mean SUV max was detected in patients with medullary subtype GC (17.8±9.9) while the lowest mean SUV max (9.7±7.6) was seen in signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). The primary mean SUV max was found statistically higher in tubular adenocarcinoma (TAC) group than SRCC group (p<0.001). Higher SUV max values were found statistically significantly correlated with advanced age (aged ≥60) and increased tumor size (>3 cm) in patients with TAC (p=0.03). Primary tumor SUV max was found statistically higher in regional lymph node (RLN) positive patients than in RLN negative patients in TAC and SRCC groups (p<0.001 and p=0.012, respectivelly). Also, in patients with SRCC, SUV max was significantly higher in the distant metastatic group than in the group without metastasis (p=0.025)., Conclusion: Increased primary tumor SUV max was associated with some of clinical parameters such as age and RLN metastasis in patients with TAC. However, there was no relationship between distant metastatic state and primary tumor 18 F-FDG uptake in TAC. However, high SUV max of primary tumor in SRCC was associated with regional and distant metastasis, and primary tumor 18 F-FDG uptake may be a prognostic value for this subgroup.