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27. Treatment of Complex Central Talar Fractures with Lateral Plate Combination with Medial Screw Fixation.

Author

He, Jinquan, Li, Nan, Cao, Hongbin, Wang, Guixin, and Zhao, Junwei

Subjects
SUBTALAR joint, HEMIARTHROPLASTY, SURGICAL site, ARTIFICIAL implants, TISSUE fixation (Histology), FRACTURE healing, COMPOUND fractures
Abstract

Objective: The treatment of talar neck and/or body fractures is known to be difficult and challenging, with significant impact on the long‐term functional outcome for the patient. The optimal management, including the choice of surgical approaches and implants, are still under constant discussion. The purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical effects of lateral mini‐plate combined with medial lag screws for the treatment of complicated central talar fractures. Methods: The data of eight patients with complex central talus fractures treated between June 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were six males and two females, ranging in age from 15 to 66 years, with an average age of 37.4 years. There were three cases on the left and five cases on the right. All fractures were comminuted, including talar neck with talar body fracture in seven cases and talar body comminuted with subluxation of subtalar joint in one case. All patients were treated with the anteromedial combined anterolateral approach, lateral talar mini‐plate fixation and medial lag screw fixation. Fracture reduction quality, union time, and complications were recorded, and functional outcomes were evaluated using the American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring system. Results: The time from injury to surgery was 1–6 days, with an average of 3.38 days. The follow‐up period was 34–53 months (mean 44.88 months). All fractures healed with a mean healing time of 16.75 weeks (13–23 weeks). Anatomical reduction was observed in six cases and near in two cases. After operation, there was no loosening or breakage of implant, loss of fracture reduction, and irritation of skin and soft tissue by internal fixation. The average AOFAS score was 87.38 (48–100), with excellent five cases, good two cases and poor one case, and the excellent and good rate was 87.5%. Superficial skin necrosis in one surgical incision healed after dressing exchange. No deep infection occurred. One case (1/8, 12.5%) developed avascular necrosis of the talus without collapse. Posttraumatic arthritis was found in four cases (4/8, 50%). Conclusion: The utilization of lateral mini‐plates in combination with medial screws for treating complex central talar fractures results in satisfactory reduction and stable fixation, mitigating complications associated with poor reduction. However, due to the absence of an anatomical mini‐plate, pre‐contouring is necessary when applying the lateral plate. This demands a surgeon's thorough familiarity with the anatomical morphology of the talus and proficiency in surgical techniques. Posttraumatic arthritis is the most common complication of complex central talar fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Effect of Common Ions in Agricultural Additives on the Retention of Cd, Cu, and Cr in Farmland Soils.

Author

Zhou, Xu and Cao, Hongbin

Abstract

The anions and cations in agricultural additives have crucial impacts on the retention of toxic heavy metals (HMs) in soil. However, the influence of these ions on the adsorption and desorption of Cd, Cr, and Cu in soil has not been clarified in previous studies. This study investigated the adsorption behavior of HMs, common anions, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in alkaline soil from farmland under different experimental conditions. Nitrates, sulfates, and chlorides were used as HM sources to investigate the effects of different experimental anion environments on batch adsorption experiments and fluorescence quenching titration experiments. Batch sorption experiments showed that the sorption of Cd2+ was inhibited by the concomitant presence of Cr3+ and Cu2+, and the presence of Cl− and SO42− inhibited the binding of HMs to the soil matrix compared to NO3−. The fluorescence quenching titration with HMs suggested that SO42− significantly enhances the binding ability of Cr3+ to DOM in solution, which may be the reason SO42− inhibited Cr3+ retention in soil. These results provide detailed insights into the interactions of HMs with DOM and anions, which is of great significance for the targeted application of pesticides and HMs' transport and removal in farmland soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Galectin-1-driven T cell exclusion in the tumor endothelium promotes immunotherapy resistance

Author

Nambiar, Dhanya K., Aguilera, Todd, Cao, Hongbin, Kwok, Shirley, Kong, Christina, Bloomstein, Joshua, Wang, Zemin, Rangan, Vangipuram S., Jiang, Dadi, von Eyben, Rie, Liang, Rachel, Agarwal, Sonya, Colevas, A. Dimitrios, Korman, Alan, Allen, Clint T., Uppaluri, Ravindra, Koong, Albert C., Giaccia, Amato, and Le, Quynh Thu

Subjects
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., R and D Systems, Cancer -- Drug therapy -- Analysis, Endothelium -- Analysis, Immunotherapy -- Analysis, Software industry -- Analysis, Scientific equipment industry -- Analysis, T cells -- Analysis, Death, Radiotherapy, Head and neck cancer, Tumors, Health care industry, Stanford University. School of Medicine
Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), although promising, have variable benefit in head and neck cancer (HNC). We noted that tumor galectin-1 (Gal1) levels were inversely correlated with treatment response and survival in patients with HNC who were treated with ICIs. Using multiple HNC mouse models, we show that tumor-secreted Gal1 mediates immune evasion by preventing T cell migration into the tumor. Mechanistically, Gal1 reprograms the tumor endothelium to upregulate cell-surface programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and galectin-9. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we show that Gal1 blockade increases intratumoral T cell infiltration, leading to a better response to anti-PD1 therapy with or without radiotherapy. Our study reveals the function of Gal1 in transforming the tumor endothelium into an immune-suppressive barrier and that its inhibition synergizes with ICIs., Introduction Immunosuppression is an accepted hallmark of tumor progression, and targeting immune-suppressive pathways has led to enhanced patient survival in multiple cancers, including head and neck cancer (HNC) (1, 2). [...]

Published
2019
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