46 results on '"Huang, Yen-Hsiang"'
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2. Taiwanese junior high school 'new second generation' students : a qualitative investigation of their schooling experiences
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Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Gewirtz, Sharon Josie, and de St Croix, Tania
- Abstract
This thesis explores the experiences of junior high school 'new second generation' (NSG) students in Taiwan through the lens of social justice theories, and makes recommendations regarding how to support and enhance their education. In doing so, the thesis responds to the lack of literature on, and offers a comprehensive understanding of, the challenges and injustices these students encounter in schools in ways that consider the voices of NSG students, their peers of 'local Taiwanese' parents, and their teachers. By engaging with these voices, this study contributes a fresh perspective that identifies the tensions and dilemmas that surround the supportive measures that are designed to help NSG students but may place them in a difficult position. This study foregrounds the voices of NSG students, which is rarely done in the field of Taiwanese education research. Taking a qualitative approach, I conducted semi-structured interviews with 31 junior high school students and 17 teachers. Participants were selected from various schools and reflected different perspectives and views. The theoretical frame for this work derives from social justice theory, which is also applied in my data analysis. Drawing on the three key dimensions of social justice identified by Fraser (1997), namely the distributive, cultural and representational dimensions of social justice, I consider whether NSG students are treated justly in terms of distribution, recognition and representation. This study also draws on three aspects of Young's (1990) five faces of oppression, namely marginalisation, cultural imperialism, and violence, as these are most relevant to conceptualising these students' experiences. The findings suggest that NSG students are subject to labelling and microaggressions and positioned as 'deficient'. They point to different kinds of dilemmas and tensions that may occur when considering what is being and can be done to facilitate the education of NSG students. In particular, the thesis foregrounds the redistribution-recognition dilemma, arising from the tension between recognising and minimising group differences, and the dilemma of how far to engage with the full complexity of learners' identities versus how far to categorise them. These dilemmas and tensions all fit within the overarching dilemma of whether to treat 'new second generation' students as being the same as other students or as being different. The final set of findings relates to the supportive measurements that have been or could be deployed to support NSG students. As teachers play a critical role in schools, it is important to prepare and support teachers to understand and consider what NSG students need to improve their education. Teachers also need to be more sensitive and reflexive regarding the inequalities and injustices that NSG students and their 'new immigrant' mothers have experienced. The study concludes by discussing some of the limitations of the research, considering its implications for policy and practice and suggesting some ways that the educational progression of new second generation children in Taiwan can be enhanced.
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- 2022
3. Development of Rapid and Portable Detection Methods for Antibiotics, Viruses, and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Wastewater
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Huang, Yen Hsiang
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Environmental engineering ,Antibiotic ,Antibiotic-resistant bacteria ,Centrifugal microfluidics ,SERS ,Virus - Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a critical global health threat in the 21st century, leading to untreatable infectious diseases and significantly increasing human morbidity and mortality. Rapid, portable, and user-friendly detection of antibiotics, microbial pathogens, and antibiotic-resistant organisms in aquatic environment plays a key role in controlling the spread of diseases and combating the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Unfortunately, current environmental monitoring practices are tedious, expensive and slow. These limitations impede timely detection and response to emerging threats, allowing the spread of diseases and antibiotic-resistant pathogens to human populations. This dissertation research aims to develop environmental monitoring strategies that streamline the current monitoring timeline and make it accessible to a wider range of users. This effort will contribute to more frequent and efficient monitoring of antibiotics, microbial pathogens, and antibiotic-resistant organisms in water matrices. Through this research, I first investigated the application of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) for label-free monitoring of antibiotics in wastewater. By utilizing carefully designed SERS substrates and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, I successfully quantified the target antibiotics even in the presence of other organic and inorganic molecules in wastewater. Next, I developed a portable and semi-automatic virus detection centrifugal microfluidic disc (CD) that integrates sample concentration, purification, amplification, and quantification steps for environmental water monitoring. The on-CD assay is completed in less than 1.5 hours, and its performance is comparable to that of the benchtop in-tube assay. Lastly, building upon the foundation of the virus detection CD system, I further designed a microfluidic CD that integrates the phenotypic bacterial culture with genotypic pathogen identification for monitoring of antibiotic resistant bacteria. This CD system successfully detected indigenous antibiotic-resistant bacteria in raw wastewater in under 3 hours. This dissertation serves as an important foundation for developing more advanced, field-applicable techniques and methodologies in environmental monitoring.
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- 2024
4. PD-L1 strong expressions affect the clinical outcomes of osimertinib in treatment naïve advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients
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Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Yang, Tsung-Ying, Chen, Kun-Chieh, Su, Kang-Yi, Yu, Sung-Liang, Chen, Jeremy J. W., Huang, Yen-Hsiang, and Chang, Gee-Chen
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- 2022
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5. The impact of different first-line EGFR-TKIs on the clinical outcome of sequential osimertinib treatment in advanced NSCLC with secondary T790M
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Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Chen, Kun-Chieh, Su, Kang-Yi, Yu, Sung-Liang, Chen, Jeremy J. W., Yang, Tsung-Ying, and Chang, Gee-Chen
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- 2021
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6. Publisher Correction: The impact of different first-line EGFR-TKIs on the clinical outcome of sequential osimertinib treatment in advanced NSCLC with secondary T790M
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Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Chen, Kun-Chieh, Su, Kang-Yi, Yu, Sung-Liang, Chen, Jeremy J. W., Yang, Tsung-Ying, and Chang, Gee-Chen
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- 2021
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7. Higher CD4/CD8 ratio of pleural effusion predicts better survival for lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
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Lee, Po-Hsin, Yang, Tsung-Ying, Chen, Kun-Chieh, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Wu, Yu-Chen, Liu, Ko-Jiunn, and Chang, Gee-Chen
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- 2021
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8. Solution processed ZnInxOy sensing membranes on flexible PEN for extended-gate field-effect transistor pH sensors
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Pan, Tung-Ming, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Her, Jim-Long, Lou, Bih-Show, and Pang, See-Tong
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- 2020
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9. Attenuation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR Pathway to Reduce Cancer Stemness on Chemoresistant Lung Cancer Cells by Shikonin and Synergy with BEZ235 Inhibitor.
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Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Chiu, Ling-Yen, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Chen, Chang-Han, Sheu, Gwo-Tarng, and Yang, Tsung-Ying
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CANCER stem cells , *SHIKONIN , *LUNG cancer , *DRUG resistance in cancer cells , *CANCER cells , *NON-small-cell lung carcinoma - Abstract
Lung cancer is considered the number one cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although current treatments initially reduce the lung cancer burden, relapse occurs in most cases; the major causes of mortality are drug resistance and cancer stemness. Recent investigations have provided evidence that shikonin generates various bioactivities related to the treatment of cancer. We used shikonin to treat multi-resistant non-small lung cancer cells (DOC-resistant A549/D16, VCR-resistant A549/V16 cells) and defined the anti-cancer efficacy of shikonin. Our results showed shikonin induces apoptosis in these ABCB1-dependent and independent chemoresistance cancer sublines. Furthermore, we found that low doses of shikonin inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer stem-like cells by inhibiting spheroid formation. Concomitantly, the mRNA level and protein of stemness genes (Nanog and Oct4) were repressed significantly on both sublines. Shikonin reduces the phosphorylated Akt and p70s6k levels, indicating that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is downregulated by shikonin. We further applied several signaling pathway inhibitors that have been used in anti-cancer clinical trials to test whether shikonin is suitable as a sensitizer for various signaling pathway inhibitors. In these experiments, we found that low doses shikonin and dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitor (BEZ235) have a synergistic effect that inhibits the spheroid formation from chemoresistant lung cancer sublines. Inhibiting the proliferation of lung cancer stem cells is believed to reduce the recurrence of lung cancer; therefore, shikonin's anti-drug resistance and anti-cancer stem cell activities make it a highly interesting molecule for future combined lung cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Primary tumor consolidative therapy improves the outcomes of patients with advanced EGFR -mutant lung adenocarcinoma treated with first-line osimertinib.
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Wu, Jia-Jun, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Zheng, Zhe-Rong, Chu, Cheng-Hsiang, Chen, Kun-Chieh, Lin, Mong-Wei, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Yang, Tsung-Ying, Yu, Sung-Liang, Chen, Jin-Shing, Ho, Chao-Chi, and Chang, Gee-Chen
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Background: Patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) inevitably experience drug resistance following treatment with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Objectives: We aimed to analyze the effect of primary tumor consolidative therapy (PTCT) on patients treated with first-line osimertinib. Design and methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients with advanced stage III or stage IV LAD with EGFR-sensitizing mutations (exon 19 deletion or L858R mutation) with disease control after first-line osimertinib. A curative dose of primary tumor radiotherapy or primary tumor resection was classified as PTCT. We compared the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with and without PTCT. Results: This study included 106 patients with a median age of 61.0 years, and of those, 42% were male and 73.6% were never-smokers. Exon 19 deletion was observed in 67.9%, 30.2% had a programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score <1%, 33.0% had brain metastasis, and 40.6% had oligometastasis. In all, 53 (50%) patients underwent PTCT. Patients who underwent PTCT demonstrated significantly better PFS [30.3 (95% confidence interval (CI), 24.1–36.4) versus 18.2 (95% CI, 16.1–20.2) months; p = 0.005] and OS [not reached versus 36.7 (95% CI, 32.5–40.9) months; p = 0.005] than patients who did not. A multivariate analysis showed that PTCT was an independent factor associated with better PFS [hazard ratio (HR), 0.22; 95% CI, 0.10–0.49; p < 0.001] and OS [HR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01–0.82; p = 0.032]. The PFS benefits of PTCT were consistent across subgroups, and the HR tended to be lower in patients aged <65 years, males, smokers, stage IVB disease, L858R, PD-L1 expression ⩾1%, non-oligometastasis, and brain metastasis. Conclusion: Of the patients with advanced EGFR -mutant LAD, those who underwent PTCT had a significantly better survival outcome than those who did not. The survival benefits were consistent across different subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. ALK variants, PD-L1 expression, and their association with outcomes in ALK-positive NSCLC patients
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Chang, Gee-Chen, Yang, Tsung-Ying, Chen, Kun-Chieh, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Su, Kang-Yi, Yu, Sung-Liang, and Tseng, Jeng-Sen
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- 2020
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12. Outcome of Thromboembolic Events and Its Influence on Survival Time of Advanced NSCLC Patients Treated with Antiangiogenic Therapy.
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Ou, Wei-Fan, Liao, Pei-Ya, Hsu, Yu-Wei, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Chang, Gee-Chen, and Yang, Tsung-Ying
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VENOUS thrombosis ,PATIENT experience ,THROMBOEMBOLISM ,CEREBRAL embolism & thrombosis - Abstract
Objective image studies. We disclosed the presentation and risk factors of TE and evaluated its influence on outcome.Results: A total of 427 patients were included. TE occurred in 43 patients (10.1%). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was the most common TE (n = 20). Up to 46.2% of DVT did not occur in the typical lower extremities. Two patients died of TE. Among patients with continuous use or reuse of antiangiogenetic therapy, 18.2% had recurrent TE events. At the occurrence of TE, 28 patients experienced progressive disease (TE with PD), while tumor status remained stable in another 15 patients (TE without PD). The post-TE survival of patients without and with PD were 8.9 months (95% CI 3.9– 13.9) vs 2.2 months (95% CI 0.1– 4.3), P = 0.012. As compared with patients without TE (31.4 months [95% CI 27.1– 35.7]), TE with PD patients experienced a significantly shorter overall survival (20.1 months [95% CI 15.5– 24.6]), but TE without PD patients had comparable survival time (32.7 months [95% CI 7.4– 28.1]) (P = 0006). The use of hormone analogue and proteinuria predicted the events among TE with PD group (aOR 2.79 [95% CI 1.13=6.92]; P = 0.027) and TE without PD group (aOR 4.30 [95% CI 1.13– 16.42]; P = 0.033), respectively.Conclusion: Owing to the different risk factors and influences on the survival time, TE with and without PD may be two different disease entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. The Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Advanced EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patients Treated with First-Line Osimertinib.
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Chen, Kuan-Chih, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Chang, Gee-Chen, and Yang, Tsung-Ying
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NEUTROPHIL lymphocyte ratio , *OSIMERTINIB , *BONE metastasis , *EPIDERMAL growth factor receptors , *NON-small-cell lung carcinoma - Abstract
Objective response rate was 83.7%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 20.5 months (95% CI 14.5– 26.5) and 47.3 months (95% CI 36.7– 58.2), respectively. A high NLR predicted an inferior PFS (HR 1.90 [95% CI 1.02– 3.51], P = 0.042) and OS (HR 3.85 [95% CI 1.39– 10.66], P = 0.009). Patients with stage IVB disease were more likely to have a high baseline NLR than those with stage IIIB-IVA (33.9% vs 15.1%, P = 0.029). Other patients' characteristics did not correlate with the baseline NLR significantly. Patients with a high NLR had significantly more metastatic organs than those with a low NLR (2.5 ± 1.3 vs 1.8 ± 0.9, P = 0.012), particularly brain, liver, and bone metastasis. There was no significant association between NLR and intrathoracic metastasis. Conclusion: Baseline serum NLR could act as an important prognostic marker for EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients receiving first-line osimertinib. A high NLR was associated with higher metastatic burden, more extrathoracic metastases, and therefore, a worse outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment.
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Lee, Po-Hsin, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Hsu, Yu-Wei, Chen, Kun-Chieh, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Lin, Ho, Lee, Teng-Yu, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Chang, Gee-Chen, and Yang, Tsung-Ying
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HEPATITIS B virus , *PROTEIN-tyrosine kinase inhibitors , *DISEASE risk factors , *CANCER patients , *LUNG cancer - Abstract
(1) Background: We aimed to evaluate the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in lung cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), particularly in those with resolved HBV infection. (2) Methods: In this retrospective hospital-based cohort study, we screened all lung cancer patients with positive hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) receiving systemic antineoplastic treatment during the period from January 2011 to December 2020. Cumulative incidences of HBV reactivation, and their hazard ratios (HRs), were evaluated after adjusting patient mortality as a competing risk. (3) Results: Among 1960 anti-HBc-positive patients receiving systemic therapy, 366 were HBsAg-positive and 1594 were HBsAg-negative. In HBsAg-positive patients without prophylactic NUC, 3-year cumulative incidences of HBV reactivation were similar between patients receiving chemotherapy and patients receiving TKI (15.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0–31.2% vs. 21.2%, 95% CI: 10.8–31.7%; p = 0.680). Likewise, 3-year cumulative incidences of HBV-related hepatitis were similar between the two groups (chemotherapy vs. TKI: 15.0%, 95% CI: 0–31.2% vs. 9.3%, 95% CI: 2.8–15.7%; p = 0.441). In 521 HBsAg-negative TKI users, the 3-year cumulative incidence of HBV reactivation was only 0.6% (95% CI: 0.0–1.9%). From multivariable regression analysis, we found that the only independent risk factor for HBV reactivation in TKI users was HBsAg positivity (HR 53.8, 95% CI: 7.0–412.9; p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: Due to high risks of HBV reactivation in HBsAg-positive TKI users, NUC prophylaxis can be considered. However, in patients with resolved HBV infection, such risks are lower, and therefore regular monitoring is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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15. Multi-Function High-Power Converters for Smart-Grid Applications
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Wu Tsai-Fu, Huang Yen-Hsiang, and Lin Ting-Hung
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
High penetration of green energy has driven conventional utility grids into smart grids to accommodate dc appliances and various types of dc equipment, increasing effectiveness, efficiency, and resilience. In a smart grid, ac is harmonized with dc, and therefore, a multi-function converter is required to transfer power between ac and dc grids. This paper presents system configuration, operational principle and control of multi-function high-power converters for smart-grid applications. Simulated and experimental results from a 350 kVA converter are used to verify the feasibility of the proposed system configuration and control.
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- 2018
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16. Various impacts of driver mutations on the PD-L1 expression of NSCLC.
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Chu, Cheng-Hsiang, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Lee, Po-Hsin, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Chen, Kun-Chieh, Su, Kang-Yi, Yu, Sung-Liang, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Yang, Tsung-Ying, and Chang, Gee-Chen
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PROGRAMMED cell death 1 receptors , *PROGRAMMED death-ligand 1 , *NON-small-cell lung carcinoma - Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether different driver mutations have varying impacts on the programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and whether the prognostic roles of PD-L1 amongst our patients were divergent. This was a single-institute study that included patients with NSCLC. Six driver mutations, PD-L1 status, and the outcomes of treatment were assessed. A total of 1,001 NSCLC patients were included for analysis. Overall, the PD-L1 positive (TPS ≥ 1%) and strong positive (TPS ≥ 50%) rates were 52.2% and 17.3%, respectively. As compared with wild type lung adenocarcinoma, EGFR-mutant and HER2-mutant patients had similarly low PD-L1 and strong PD-L1 positive rates. BRAF-mutant patients had numerically higher PD-L1 and strong PD-L1 positive rates. Patients with fusion mutation (ALK and ROS1) (aOR 2.32 [95% CI 1.10–4.88], P = 0.027 and 2.33 [95% CI 1.11–4.89], P = 0.026), KRAS mutation (aOR 2.58 [95% CI 1.16–5.75], P = 0.020 and 2.44 [95% CI 1.11–5.35], P = 0.026), and non-adenocarcinoma histology (aOR 2.73 [95% CI 1.72–4.34], P < 0.001 and 1.93 [95% CI 1.13–3.30], P = 0.016) all had significantly higher PD-L1 and strong PD-L1 positive rates. A trend towards longer survival was noted in ROS-1 rearranged and KRAS-mutant patients with strong PD-L1 expression who had received crizotinib and chemotherapy, respectively. In conclusion, individual driver mutations had various impacts on the PD-L1 expression of NSCLC patients. The prognostic role of PD-L1 may also be divergent amongst patients harboring different driver mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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17. Curcumin Induces Apoptosis of Chemoresistant Lung Cancer Cells via ROS-Regulated p38 MAPK Phosphorylation.
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Wu, Ming-Fang, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Chiu, Ling-Yen, Cherng, Shur-Hueih, Sheu, Gwo-Tarng, and Yang, Tsung-Ying
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MITOGEN-activated protein kinases , *LUNG cancer , *APOPTOSIS , *CURCUMIN , *PHOSPHORYLATION , *CANCER cells , *REACTIVE oxygen species - Abstract
This study aimed to challenge chemoresistance by curcumin (CUR) with drug-selected human lung cancer A549 sublines that continuously proliferate in the present of docetaxel (DOC) and vincristine (VCR). Their sensitivities to CUR were measured by MTT assay and the particular intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V assay of the flow cytometry. Inhibitors and RNA interference were used to examine the signaling pathway regulated by the kinases. The obtained data demonstrated that CUR induces chemoresistant cell apoptosis by generating ROS and application of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) blocks ROS production, resulting in apoptosis suppression. Phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK, and eIF-2α were increased but c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) did not increase when chemoresistant cells were treated with CUR. Downregulation of ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation by their inhibitors had no effect on CUR-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, the knockdown of p38 MAPK with shRNA significantly reduced CUR-induced apoptosis on the chemoresistant sublines. Phosphorylation of the eIF-2α protein was inhibited when p38 MAPK was knocked down in DOC-resistant A549 cells, but a high level of phosphorylated eIF-2α protein remained on the VCR-resistant A549 cells when p38 MAPK was knocked down. These data confirmed that CUR-augmented ROS potently induced apoptosis via upregulated p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Therefore, activated p38 MAPK is considered a pro-apoptotic signal for CUR-induced apoptosis of chemoresistant human lung cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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18. Histological Transformation after Acquired Resistance to the Third-Generation EGFR-TKI in Patients with Advanced EGFR -Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma.
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Lee, Po-Hsin, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Lin, Ho, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Chen, Kun-Chieh, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Chang, Gee-Chen, and Yang, Tsung-Ying
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EPIDERMAL growth factor receptors ,KINASE inhibitors ,MERKEL cell carcinoma ,SMALL cell carcinoma - Abstract
Background and Objectives: Third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is one of the standard-of-care therapies in patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma; however, acquired resistance inevitably developed. Despite the proposition of histological transformation being one of the resistance mechanisms, its incidence and influence on outcome remain unclear. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at Taichung Veterans General Hospital on patients with advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma receiving the third-generation EGFR-TKI. Only patients receiving rebiopsy were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 55 patients were studied. Eight patients (14.5%) showed histological transformation, including three small cell carcinoma, three squamous cell carcinoma, one large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and one with a mixture of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma components. The median treatment duration of the third-generation EGFR-TKI before rebiopsy was numerically longer in patients with histological transformation than those without (16.0 vs. 10.9 months). Both the overall survival time from the start of third-generation EGFR-TKI initiation (30.8 vs. 41.2 months) and from rebiopsy (6.6 vs. 12.9 months) to mortality were numerically shorter amongst the transformed population. All patients in the transformed group did not respond to the next line of systemic treatment. One patient with histological transformation receiving local treatment for the metastatic site had a longer overall survival. Conclusions: Repeating biopsy to identify histological transformation should be considered in patients with progression to the third-generation EGFR-TKI. Histological transformations could contribute to the acquired resistance with the implication of a worse prognosis. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal therapy for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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19. Influence of the Timing of Leptomeningeal Metastasis on the Outcome of EGFR -Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients and Predictors of Detectable EGFR Mutations in Cerebrospinal Fluid.
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Liao, Pei-Ya, Ou, Wei-Fan, Su, Kang-Yi, Sun, Ming-Hsi, Huang, Chih-Mei, Chen, Kun-Chieh, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Yu, Sung-Liang, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Yang, Tsung-Ying, and Chang, Gee-Chen
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ADENOCARCINOMA ,LUNG cancer ,MENINGEAL cancer ,GENETIC mutation ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,EPIDERMAL growth factor receptors ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,METASTASIS ,CANCER patients ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CEREBROSPINAL fluid ,TUMOR markers ,MEDICAL needs assessment - Abstract
Simple Summary: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a devastating complication of lung cancer, with a generally poor outcome. We conduct the present study to evaluate the association between clinical presentations, brain images, tumor cell counts of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation detection rate in CSF among EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients with LM and accessed the influence of the timing of LM occurrence on patient outcomes. Tumor cell numbers were semi-quantified according to tumor cells per high power field of CSF cytological slides. Radiological burden was assessed using a four-point scoring system, which evaluated LM-involved areas on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Our results suggest the association between the radiological severity score of LM, CSF tumor cell counts, and EGFR mutation detection rate in CSF. Furthermore, LM prior to first-line EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment was associated with an independently worse outcome. Background: We aim to evaluate the influence of the timing of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) occurrence on the outcome of EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma and to explore the predictors of detectable EGFR mutation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods: EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients with cytologically confirmed LM were included for analysis. EGFR mutation in CSF was detected by MALDI-TOF MS plus PNA. Results: A total of 43 patients was analyzed. Of them, 8 (18.6%) were diagnosed with LM prior to first-line EGFR-TKI treatment (early onset), while 35 patients (81.4%) developed LM after first-line EGFR-TKI treatment (late onset). Multivariate analysis suggested that both late-onset LM (aHR 0.31 (95% CI 0.10–0.94), p = 0.038) and a history of third-generation EGFR-TKI treatment (aHR 0.24 (95% CI 0.09–0.67), p = 0.006) independently predicted a favorable outcome. EGFR mutation detection sensitivity in CSF was 81.4%. The radiological burden of LM significantly correlated with CSF tumor cell counts (p = 0.013) with higher CSF tumor cell counts predicting a higher detection sensitivity of EGFR mutation (p = 0.042). Conclusions: Early onset LM was an independently poor prognostic factor. A higher radiological severity score of LM could predict higher tumor cell counts in CSF, which in turn were associated with a higher detection rate of EGFR mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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20. 3Φ4W Grid-Connected Hybrid-Frequency Parallel Inverter System With Ripple Compensation to Achieve Fast Response and Low Current Distortion.
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Wu, Tsai-Fu, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, and Liu, Yun-Tsung
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DIGITAL control systems , *INSULATED gate bipolar transistors , *ELECTRIC power filters , *AIR filters , *ELECTRIC inverters - Abstract
Based on the comparisons of several inverter configurations in the aspects of efficiency, response, volume, current distortion, and price, in this article, we present a feasible three-phase four-wire (3Φ4W) grid-connected hybrid-frequency parallel inverter system (HbFPIS) with ripple compensation to achieve low current distortion and fast response. An HbFPIS consists of a low-frequency-high-power inverter (LFHPI) and a high-frequency-low-power inverter (HFLPI) connected in parallel. An LFHPI design results in higher power output with lower frequency (LF) switching devices, such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) being more cost-effective. An HFLPI design can reduce switching loss by lowering the power requirement of high-frequency (HF) switching devices while increasing dynamic response. With the direct digital control and ripple compensation, LF current ripples are attenuated by the HFLPI to a smaller level, remaining mainly HF current ripples and, thus, resulting in smaller filter size and weight. The design of an HbFPIS ensures that the system has high power output with cost-effective devices, fast response, and smaller output filters. Ripple attenuation, current tracking capability, and inverter stability are analyzed in the article. Low current distortion and fast current tracking performance are validated by the 300-kW simulated and the 10-kW experimental results of a 3Φ4W HbFPIS in grid-connected and active power filter modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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21. The relative importance of predictive factors for single first-generation EGFR-TKI use for more than 5 years in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Taiwan multicenter TIPS-5 study.
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Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Hung, Jen-Yu, Ko, How-Wen, Su, Po-Lan, Lai, Chun-Liang, Chang, Huang-Chih, Hsia, Te-Chun, Lin, Sheng-Hao, Wu, Kuan-Li, Yang, Cheng-Ta, Su, Wu-Chou, Chu, Yi-Chun, Wang, Chin-Chou, Liao, Wei-Yu, Lin, Yen-Ting, Lin, Ching-Hsiung, Lin, Meng-Chih, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, and Yang, Tsung-Ying
- Abstract
Background: The relative importance of predictive factors for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment remains unclear. Materials and methods: We retrospectively enrolled advanced NSCLC patients with single first-generation EGFR-TKI treatment for ⩾5 years (Y) in Taiwan. Clinical data was collected and compared with those of another cohort with single first-line EGFR-TKI treatment for <5 Y. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples were collected from patient subsets, pre- and post-TKI, in the >5 Y group. Results: Overall, 128 and 278 patients were enrolled in the ⩾5 Y and <5 Y groups, respectively. Significant factors in the multivariate analysis of patients' characteristics including Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0–1, postoperative recurrence, without brain metastasis, oligometastasis (each score of 2), female sex, erlotinib use, and without bone metastasis (each score of 1), were incorporated into a risk scoring system. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78–0.86]. Of the plasma cfDNA samples from 33 patients in the ⩾5 Y group, only 1 had a T790M in 25 patients without progressive disease. In 27 patients with single agent use for ⩾96 months, 22 (81.5%) received local treatment (surgery or radiotherapy) for the primary lung tumor before and during TKI treatment. Conclusion: For NSCLC patients with single first-generation EGFR-TKI use for ⩾5 Y, factors with different relative importance exist and the risk-scoring model is feasible with modest accuracy. The role of local treatment for primary tumors in patients with long-term TKI use requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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22. Primary Tumor Radiotherapy During EGFR-TKI Disease Control Improves Survival of Treatment Naïve Advanced EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients.
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Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Huang, Jing-Wen, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Chen, Kuan-Wen, Weng, Yih-Chyang, Yu, Sung-Liang, Yang, Tsung-Ying, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Chen, Jeremy JW, Chen, Kun-Chieh, and Chang, Gee-Chen
- Subjects
KINASE inhibitors ,EPIDERMAL growth factor receptors ,PREVENTIVE medicine ,RADIATION pneumonitis ,RADIOTHERAPY - Abstract
Background: Whether radiotherapy only for primary lung tumor (RTPLT) after epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy improves survival of treatment naïve advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) patients with/without polymetastasis. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center, observational study. Patients with stage IIIB-IV EGFR-mutant LAD with disease control by EGFR-TKI therapy were divided into curative RTPLT, and control, without radiotherapy (WRTPLT) groups. Results: A total of 138 patients were enrolled; 46 in the RTPLT group and 92 in the WRTPLT group. Amongst them, 37% had oligometastasis, and 26.1% brain metastasis. The RTPLT group had both significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) (27.5 months [95% CI 18.1– 36.9] vs 10.9 months [95% CI 6.3– 15.5], P< 0.001) and overall survivor (OS) (NR [95% CI NR-NR] vs 38.0 months [95% CI 31.2– 44.8], P< 0.001), respectively, when compared to the WRTPLT group. In multivariate analysis, the adjusted HR of radiotherapy on PFS was 0.30 (0.19– 0.47) and on OS, 0.11 (0.04– 0.30). Patients with oligometastasis had significantly longer PFS than those with polymetastasis with an HR of 0.35 (0.14– 0.85), P=0.02. Patients with either oligometastasis or polymetastasis had significant longer PFS when undergoing radiotherapy than those without (both P< 0.05). An EGFR-TKI to radiotherapy interval < 24 weeks seemed more beneficial (P=0.097). Radiation pneumonitis comprised 32 (69.6%), 12 (26.1%), and two (4.3%) cases of common terminology criteria grade I, II, and III, respectively. Conclusion: Curative RTPLT can prolong survival in patients with LAD following EGFR-TKI disease control, both involving oligometastasis and polymetastasis. RTPLT within 24 weeks after EGFR-TKI initiation appeared to be more beneficial with tolerable radiation pneumonitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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23. Impact of tumor disappearance ratio on the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma ≤2 cm in size: A retrospective cohort study.
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Wu, Jia-Jun, Wu, Chih-Ying, Wu, Ching-Yang, Wang, Chih-Liang, Yang, Tsung-Ying, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Hsu, Chung-Ping, Chuang, Cheng-Yen, Lin, Chih-Hung, Tseng, Chien-Hua, Chen, Kun-Chieh, and Chang, Gee-Chen
- Subjects
COMPUTED tomography ,ADENOCARCINOMA ,PROGNOSIS ,DIAGNOSIS ,LUNGS ,PAIN measurement ,LUNG tumors ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,PSYCHOLOGICAL tests - Abstract
Background/purpose: Lung cancer patients can have advanced-stages at diagnosis, even the tumor size is ≤2 cm. We aimed to study the relationship between image characteristics, clinical, and patholoigcal results.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with lung adenocarcinoma at Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 2007 to 2015, who were diagnosed with treatment naïve primary tumor lesions at sizes less than 2 cm, as measured by computed tomography (CT) scans. The patient was analyzed for lymph node (LN) and distant metastasis evaluation, with clinicopathological characteristics, including tumor-disappearance ratio (TDR) (tumor diameter at the mediastinal/lung window) over chest CT scans, pathological diagnosis, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS).Results: Totally 280 patients were surveyed initially and showed significantly increase of clinical LN involvement and distant metastasis when TDR ≤75% compared with >75% (21.6% vs 0% for LN involvement; 27.1% vs 0% for distant metastasis; both p < 0.001). We included 199 patients having surgical treatment and follow-up for the survival analysis. With a TDR ≤75%, significantly worse DFS (HR, 19.23; 95% CI, 2.60-142.01; p = 0.004) and a trend of worse OS (HR, 4.97; 95% CI, 0.61-40.61; p = 0.134) were noted by Kaplan-Meier method. TDR ≤75% revealed more advanced pathological stage, and more tumors containing micropapillary or solid subtypes when diagnosed adenocarcinoma.Conclusion: For lung cancer patients with primary tumor ≤2 cm, TDR ≤75% was related to more advanced stages, the presence of micropapillary or solid components of adenocarcinoma subtypes, worse DFS, and a trend of worse OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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24. The Design of Aluminum Nitride-Based Lead-Free Piezoelectric MEMS Accelerometer System.
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Chen, Ze-Hui, Li, Cheng-Ying, Chu, Sheng-Yuan, Tsai, Cheng-Che, Wang, Yi-Hsun, Kao, Hsueh-Yu, Wei, Chia-Ling, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Hsiao, Po-Yu, and Liu, Yun-Hui
- Subjects
ALUMINUM nitride films ,ALUMINUM nitride ,ACCELEROMETERS ,DETECTOR circuits ,ALUMINUM - Abstract
In this study, we successfully deposited c-axis-oriented aluminum nitride piezoelectric films via low-temperature dc sputtering method. Based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TEM analyses, deposited films with a c-axis monocrystal were identified. The effective d
33,ƒ value of the aluminum nitride (AlN) films is 5.92 pC/N, which is better than most of the reported data using dc sputtering processing. Using ANSYS software, we simulated and designed MEMS accelerometers based on AlN films. Furthermore, we successfully fabricated MEMS accelerometers. The sensitivity of the MEMS accelerometer is 1.49 mV/g, and the resonance frequency is 7.2 kHz. The MEMS accelerometer was combined with a sensing circuit constituting a module. The sensitivity of the module increases approximately tenfold. Finally, the vibration of spindles was successfully detected using the designed module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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25. Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants increased the bleeding risk of bedside percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in critically ill patients.
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Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Tseng, Chien-Hua, Chan, Ming-Cheng, Lee, Bor-Jen, Lin, Chih-Hung, and Chang, Gee-Chen
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PLATELET aggregation inhibitors ,APACHE (Disease classification system) ,CRITICALLY ill ,ANTICOAGULANTS ,TRACHEOTOMY ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,CATASTROPHIC illness ,HEMORRHAGE - Abstract
Background: The main objective of this study was to investigate the safety of bedside percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) by pulmonologists in critically ill patients, and the factors associated with complications resulting from PDT.Methods: We retrospectively enrolled critically ill patients who had undergone bedside PDT in the intensive care units (ICUs) and respiratory care center from February 2016 to December 2018.Results: A total of 312 patients were included for analysis, with a mean age of 69.6 ± 17.7 years. Two hundred and eight of the patients were male (66.7%). The mean acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score was 25.3 ± 6.3, and the mean body mass index was 22.4 ± 4.2. Most of the patients were intubated due to respiratory disorders (51.3%). Fifty-six patients (17.9%) received antiplatelet agents or an anticoagulant regularly prior to PDT. All enrolled patients were undergone bedside PDT successfully. The total complication rate of PDT was 14.4%. Patients who took antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants regularly before PDT had a higher risk of bleeding than patients who went without (26.8% versus 7.0%, adjusted odds ratio 4.93 [95% f 2.16-11.25], p < 0.001). Finally, a longer length of intubation resulted in a higher probability in the length of ICU stay being ≧28 days (adjusted odds ratio 1.11 [95% CI 1.08-1.14], p < 0.001).Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that it was feasible for pulmonologists to perform bedside PDT in critically ill patients. However, antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants use increased the risk of bleeding in PDT patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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26. Multi-Function High-Power Converters for Smart-Grid Applications.
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Voropai, N., Lin, F.-J., Chang, G., Kler, A., Lis, R., Wu, Tsai-Fu, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, and Lin, Ting-Hung
- Published
- 2018
27. Predilection of contralateral upper lung metastasis in upper lobe lung adenocarcinoma patients
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Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Chen, Kun-Chieh, Su, Kang-Yi, Chen, Hsuan-Yu, Chang, Chi-Sheng, Chen, Jeremy J. W., Yu, Sung-Liang, Chen, Huei-Wen, Yang, Tsung-Ying, and Chang, Gee-Chen
- Subjects
Original Article - Abstract
Lung cancer with lung to lung metastasis is common. The objective of this study was to investigate the association among the distribution of contralateral lung metastases versus primary lung tumor location, clinical characteristics, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations status.The study included treatment-naïve stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with contralateral lung metastases from 2012 through 2013.In total, 103 patients were enrolled after excluding lung cancer with histology other than adenocarcinoma, synchronous multiple primary lung cancers, or other active malignancy. The median age was 65 years (range, 28-93 years); 47 male patients (45.6%); 69 non-smoker (NS) patients (67.0%); 68 Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0-1 patients (66.0%); 38 M1a patients (38.9%); and 60 EGFR mutation patients (58.3%). There were 51 cases (49.5%) with primary lung cancer located over upper lobes. Among them, 36 (70.6%) had contralateral upper lung predominance metastasis, 9 (17.6%) had lower lung predominance, and 6 (11.8%) had equal distribution. Among the 52 lower lobe tumors, 17 (32.7%), 19 (36.5%), and 16 (30.8%) had upper, lower lung predominance, and equal distribution metastasis, respectively. Univariate analysis showed only male gender and primary tumor location over upper lobes were significantly associated with contralateral upper lung predominance metastases. After multivariate analysis, only primary tumor location over upper lobes was significantly associated with contralateral upper lung predominance metastases (adjusted OR 5.49, 95% CI, 2.15-14.03, P0.001).Upper lobe lung adenocarcinoma was significantly associated with contralateral upper lung predominance metastases. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
- Published
- 2016
28. SPWM-Based Direct Digital Control With Average-Voltage Model and D–Σ Process for Paralleled 3φ3W Grid-Connected Converters to Reduce Circulating Currents.
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Wu, Tsai-Fu, Yu, Ling-Chia, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Jhang, Ying-Yi, and Zeng, Bo-Tang
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PULSE width modulation ,CASCADE converters ,ELECTRIC inductance ,ELECTRIC potential ,ELECTRIC inductors - Abstract
This paper presents a sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM) based direct digital control with average-voltage model (AVM) and division–summation process for paralleled three-phase three-wire (3φ3W) grid-connected converters to reduce circulating currents. With the direct digital control, plant of each single-phase converter can be derived directly, and a controller is then designed to cover the variation effects of filter inductance and grid voltage. Based on SPWM and AVM over a switching cycle, each 3φ3W converter can be decomposed into three single-phase converters and each converter is controlled individually to track its sinusoidal reference current tightly, reducing circulating currents significantly. Equal current sharing is therefore also achieved. The control laws for achieving grid connection are derived in detail. In the design and implementation, the inductances corresponding to various inductor currents are measured offline and stored in the controller for scheduling loop gain cycle by cycle. Experimental and simulated results from a three-converter system confirm the analysis and discussion of the proposed control approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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29. Direct Digital Control of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters With LCL Filter Based on Inductance Estimation Model.
- Author
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Wu, Tsai-Fu, Misra, Mitradatta, Jhang, Ying-Yi, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, and Lin, Li-Chiun
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DIGITAL control systems ,ELECTRIC inverters ,ELECTRIC inductance ,POWDER cores (Magnetic materials) ,MAGNETIC permeability - Abstract
Soft magnetic powder cores with their high saturation flux density and low core loss are excellent alternatives for filter inductors in inverter-based applications. However, their nonlinear current-dependent inductance characteristics pose a challenge for control of grid-connected inverter with LCL filter. In this paper, the variable inductance conundrum is discussed and a modified direct digital control method based on a variable-structure inductance estimation model that takes into consideration wide nonlinear variation in both inverter- and grid-side inductances is proposed. The proposed method is shown to have better grid-voltage harmonic rejection and improved stability margins. However, investigation of stability which is conventionally based on nominal values of filter inductors cannot predict instabilities over the entire range of inductance variation. Hence, a parametric approach to conventional stability methods with a parameter space defined by variation in actual and estimated inductance is explored in this paper. The effect of line impedance on stability is also investigated with impedance-based stability criterion by considering line inductance as an additional dimension in the parameter space. A pattern in stability margins is observed due to inductance variation, with inductance at its minimum being most vulnerable to instability. Experimental results measured from a 5 kW single-phase grid-connected inverter with various LCL filters have verified the feasibility of the proposed control method. The experimental results also match the analytical results with reasonable accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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30. Characteristics and immune checkpoint inhibitor effects on non-smoking non-small cell lung cancer with KRAS mutation: A single center cohort (STROBE-compliant).
- Author
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Wu, Jia-Jun, Lee, Po-Hsin, Zheng, Zhe-Rong, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Yang, Tsung-Ying, Yu, Sung-Liang, Chen, Kun-Chieh, and Chang, Gee-Chen
- Published
- 2022
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31. Association of Smoking With Patient Characteristics and Outcomes in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma, 2011-2018.
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Tseng, Jeng-Sen, Chiang, Chun-Ju, Chen, Kun-Chieh, Zheng, Zhe-Rong, Yang, Tsung-Ying, Lee, Wen-Chung, Hsu, Kuo-Hsuan, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Liu, Tsang-Wu, Hsia, Jiun-Yi, and Chang, Gee-Chen
- Published
- 2022
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32. A Case Study of Whistle Detection and Localization for Humpback Dolphins in Taiwan.
- Author
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Hung, Ching-Tang, Chu, Wei-Yen, Li, Wei-Lun, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, Hu, Wei-Chun, and Chen, Chi-Fang
- Subjects
DOLPHINS ,WHISTLES ,MARINE mammals ,BOTTLENOSE dolphin ,OFFSHORE wind power plants ,ECOLOGICAL disturbances ,FEATURE extraction ,IMAGE processing - Abstract
In recent years, Taiwan's government has focused on policies regarding offshore wind farming near the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin habitat, where marine mammal observation is a critical consideration. The present research developed an algorithm called National Taiwan University Passive Acoustic Monitoring (NTU_PAM) to assist marine mammal observers (MMOs). The algorithm performs whistle detection processing and whistle localization. Whistle detection processing is based on image processing and whistle feature extraction; whistle localization is based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA) method. To test the whistle detection performance, we used the same data to compare NTU_PAM and the widely used software PAMGuard. To test whistle localization, we designed a real field experiment where a sound source projected simulated whistles, which were then recorded by several hydrophone stations. The data were analyzed to locate the moving path of the source. The results show that localization accuracy was higher when the sound source position was in the detection region composed of hydrophone stations. This paper provides a method for MMOs to conveniently observe the migration path and population dynamics of cetaceans without ecological disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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33. The Impacts of Different Climate Change Scenarios on Visits toward the National Forest Park in Taiwan.
- Author
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Liu, Wan-Yu, Huang, Yen-Hsiang, and Hsieh, Chi-Ming
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FOREST reserves ,CLIMATE change ,NATIONAL parks & reserves ,HUMIDITY ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Many studies have shown that the weather greatly affects the tourist count. Understanding weather information, climate change, and how they influence the tourist count in different tourist seasons (peak season, second peak season, off season) can help park planners and managers to analyze the opportunities and risks caused by climate change. This study aimed to predict the visitor count through information on the number of visitors and the weather day for three tourist seasons in a 12-month period. The study was conducted in the Huisun Forest Park of Taiwan based on the peak season (February, July, August, and October), the second peak season (January, April, May, November, and December), and the off-season (March, June, and September), using weather factors and virtual factors (such as whether it is a weekend or not) to establish three multivariate regression models for predicting the daily visitor count. This study assessed the impact of climate change on the visitor count and analyzed possible scenarios of climate change using representative concentration pathways (RCPs), as stated in the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The results of this study indicated that the impacts of weather factors on the visitor count is the same for the peak season and the off season. The temperature and relative humidity have a significant impact on the visitor count, and precipitation is not significant. In the second peak season, only the temperature has a significant impact on the visitor count. The relative humidity and precipitation are not significant. The temperature is the most influential factor in all three seasons, and has the highest influence on the peak season, followed by the low season, and then the second peak season. In addition, the number of visitors in Huisun Forest Park is on the rise, according to an analysis of various climate change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5). The results of this study can be used as a reference by forest park managers and future researchers. It is noted that the results were based on the current economic and political situation. The worsening of the entire world situation could break the relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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34. Stereo Imaging Using Hardwired Self-Organizing Object Segmentation.
- Author
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Chen, Ching-Han, Lan, Guan-Wei, Chen, Ching-Yi, and Huang, Yen-Hsiang
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STEREO vision (Computer science) ,STEREO image ,STEREOPHONIC sound systems ,IMAGING systems ,SELF-organizing maps ,VISION - Abstract
Stereo vision utilizes two cameras to acquire two respective images, and then determines the depth map by calculating the disparity between two images. In general, object segmentation and stereo matching are some of the important technologies that are often used in establishing stereo vision systems. In this study, we implement a highly efficient self-organizing map (SOM) neural network hardware accelerator as unsupervised color segmentation for real-time stereo imaging. The stereo imaging system is established by pipelined, hierarchical architecture, which includes an SOM neural network module, a connected component labeling module, and a sum-of-absolute-difference-based stereo matching module. The experiment is conducted on a hardware resources-constrained embedded system. The performance of stereo imaging system is able to achieve 13.8 frames per second of 640 × 480 resolution color images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
35. Benefits of NGS in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Vary by Populations and Timing of Examination.
- Author
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Lee PH, Ou WF, Huang YH, Hsu KH, Tseng JS, Chang GC, and Yang TY
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Adult, Aged, 80 and over, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing methods, Adenocarcinoma of Lung genetics, Adenocarcinoma of Lung pathology, Adenocarcinoma of Lung mortality, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Lung Neoplasms mortality, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Lung Neoplasms drug therapy, Mutation
- Abstract
Despite the widespread application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in advanced lung adenocarcinoma, its impact on survival and the optimal timing for the examination remain uncertain. This cohort study included advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent NGS testing. We categorized patients into four groups: Group 1: treatment-naïve, upfront NGS; Group 2: Treatment-naïve, exclusionary EGFR / ALK / ROS1 ; Group 3: post-treatment, no known EGFR / ALK / ROS1 ; Group 4: known driver mutation and post-TKI treatment. A total of 424 patients were included. There were 128, 126, 90, and 80 patients in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, targetable mutations were identified in 76.6%, 49.2%, 41.1%, and 33.3% of the patients, respectively ( p < 0.001). Mutation-targeted treatments were applied in 68.0%, 15.1%, 27.8%, and 22.5% of the patients, respectively ( p < 0.001). In the overall population, patients receiving mutation-targeted treatments exhibited significantly longer overall survival (OS) (aHR 0.54 [95% CI 0.37-0.79], p = 0.001). The most profound benefit was seen in the Group 1 patients (not reached vs. 40.4 months, p = 0.028). The median OS of patients with mutation-targeted treatments was also significantly longer among Group 2 patients. The median post-NGS survival of patients receiving mutation-targeted treatments was numerically longer in Group 3 and Group 4 patients. In conclusion, mutation-targeted therapy is associated with a favorable outcome. However, the opportunities of NGS-directed treatment and the survival benefits of mutation-targeted treatment were various among different populations., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
- Published
- 2024
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36. Adjuvant chemotherapy compared with observation in patients with T2aN0 stage IB lung adenocarcinoma.
- Author
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Lee PH, Chiang CJ, Tseng JS, Zheng ZR, Chen KC, Chu CH, Huang YH, Hsu KH, Lee WC, Yang TY, Liu TW, Hsia JY, and Chang GC
- Abstract
Introduction: For patients with T2aN0 stage IB lung adenocarcinoma, benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy remain controversial. Here, we aimed to evaluate such benefits., Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on the database of the National Taiwan Cancer Registry. We analyzed patients with T2aN0 stage IB lung adenocarcinoma (re-classified by AJCC 8th edition) diagnosed during the period from January 2011 to December 2017. They were divided into two groups: (1) group 1: tumor <=3 cm with visceral pleural invasion (VPI); (2) group 2: tumor >3 cm, but <=4 cm. Overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) were evaluated. Risk factors for survival were determined., Results: A total of 2,100 patients with T2aN0 stage IB lung adenocarcinoma (1,265 in group 1 and 835 in group 2) were enrolled for study. The proportions of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy in group 1 and 2 were 39.1% and 68.6%, respectively. Amongst group 1 patients, adjuvant chemotherapy was not an independent risk factor for OS and CSS. Amongst group 2 patients, high-grade histologic findings and receiving sublobar resection were two risk factors for poorer survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy was also associated with an OS (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38-0.72; P<0.001) and CSS (aHR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.78; p=0.001) benefit regardless of the presence or absence of risk factors., Conclusion: For patients with T2aN0 stage IB lung adenocarcinoma, adjuvant chemotherapy improved OS and CSS in those with tumors >3 cm, but <=4 cm.For patients with tumors <=3 cm with VPI, adjuvant chemotherapy had no survival benefit., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Lee, Chiang, Tseng, Zheng, Chen, Chu, Huang, Hsu, Lee, Yang, Liu, Hsia and Chang.)
- Published
- 2023
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37. Decoding the metabolic response of Escherichia coli for sensing trace heavy metals in water.
- Author
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Wei H, Huang Y, Santiago PJ, Labachyan KE, Ronaghi S, Banda Magana MP, Huang YH, C Jiang S, Hochbaum AI, and Ragan R
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Environmental Monitoring methods, Escherichia coli, Water Quality, Agriculture, Metals, Heavy toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Heavy metal contamination due to industrial and agricultural waste represents a growing threat to water supplies. Frequent and widespread monitoring for toxic metals in drinking and agricultural water sources is necessary to prevent their accumulation in humans, plants, and animals, which results in disease and environmental damage. Here, the metabolic stress response of bacteria is used to report the presence of heavy metal ions in water by transducing ions into chemical signals that can be fingerprinted using machine learning analysis of vibrational spectra. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering surfaces amplify chemical signals from bacterial lysate and rapidly generate large, reproducible datasets needed for machine learning algorithms to decode the complex spectral data. Classification and regression algorithms achieve limits of detection of 0.5 pM for As
3+ and 6.8 pM for Cr6+ , 100,000 times lower than the World Health Organization recommended limits, and accurately quantify concentrations of analytes across six orders of magnitude, enabling early warning of rising contaminant levels. Trained algorithms are generalizable across water samples with different impurities; water quality of tap water and wastewater was evaluated with 92% accuracy.- Published
- 2023
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38. Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment.
- Author
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Lee PH, Huang YH, Hsu YW, Chen KC, Hsu KH, Lin H, Lee TY, Tseng JS, Chang GC, and Yang TY
- Abstract
(1) Background: We aimed to evaluate the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in lung cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), particularly in those with resolved HBV infection. (2) Methods: In this retrospective hospital-based cohort study, we screened all lung cancer patients with positive hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) receiving systemic antineoplastic treatment during the period from January 2011 to December 2020. Cumulative incidences of HBV reactivation, and their hazard ratios (HRs), were evaluated after adjusting patient mortality as a competing risk. (3) Results: Among 1960 anti-HBc-positive patients receiving systemic therapy, 366 were HBsAg-positive and 1594 were HBsAg-negative. In HBsAg-positive patients without prophylactic NUC, 3-year cumulative incidences of HBV reactivation were similar between patients receiving chemotherapy and patients receiving TKI (15.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0−31.2% vs. 21.2%, 95% CI: 10.8−31.7%; p = 0.680). Likewise, 3-year cumulative incidences of HBV-related hepatitis were similar between the two groups (chemotherapy vs. TKI: 15.0%, 95% CI: 0−31.2% vs. 9.3%, 95% CI: 2.8−15.7%; p = 0.441). In 521 HBsAg-negative TKI users, the 3-year cumulative incidence of HBV reactivation was only 0.6% (95% CI: 0.0−1.9%). From multivariable regression analysis, we found that the only independent risk factor for HBV reactivation in TKI users was HBsAg positivity (HR 53.8, 95% CI: 7.0−412.9; p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: Due to high risks of HBV reactivation in HBsAg-positive TKI users, NUC prophylaxis can be considered. However, in patients with resolved HBV infection, such risks are lower, and therefore regular monitoring is recommended.
- Published
- 2022
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39. A multiple phenotype imputation method for genetic diversity and core collection in Taiwanese vegetable soybean.
- Author
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Huang YH, Ku HM, Wang CA, Chen LY, He SS, Chen S, Liao PC, Juan PY, and Kao CF
- Abstract
Establishment of vegetable soybean (edamame) [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasms has been highly valued in Asia and the United States owing to the increasing market demand for edamame. The idea of core collection (CC) is to shorten the breeding program so as to improve the availability of germplasm resources. However, multidimensional phenotypes typically are highly correlated and have different levels of missing rate, often failing to capture the underlying pattern of germplasms and select CC precisely. These are commonly observed on correlated samples. To overcome such scenario, we introduced the "multiple imputation" (MI) method to iteratively impute missing phenotypes for 46 morphological traits and jointly analyzed high-dimensional imputed missing phenotypes (EC
impu ) to explore population structure and relatedness among 200 Taiwanese vegetable soybean accessions. An advanced maximization strategy with a heuristic algorithm and PowerCore was used to evaluate the morphological diversity among the ECimpu . In total, 36 accessions (denoted as CCimpu ) were efficiently selected representing high diversity and the entire coverage of the ECimpu . Only 4 (8.7%) traits showed slightly significant differences between the CCimpu and ECimpu . Compared to the ECimpu , 96% traits retained all characteristics or had a slight diversity loss in the CCimpu . The CCimpu exhibited a small percentage of significant mean difference (4.51%), and large coincidence rate (98.1%), variable rate (138.76%), and coverage (close to 100%), indicating the representativeness of the ECimpu . We noted that the CCimpu outperformed the CCraw in evaluation properties, suggesting that the multiple phenotype imputation method has the potential to deal with missing phenotypes in correlated samples efficiently and reliably without re-phenotyping accessions. Our results illustrated a significant role of imputed missing phenotypes in support of the MI-based framework for plant-breeding programs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Huang, Ku, Wang, Chen, He, Chen, Liao, Juan and Kao.)- Published
- 2022
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40. The Clinical Outcomes of Different First-Line EGFR-TKIs Plus Bevacizumab in Advanced EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma.
- Author
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Huang YH, Hsu KH, Chin CS, Tseng JS, Yang TY, Chen KC, Su KY, Yu SL, Chen JJW, and Chang GC
- Subjects
- Afatinib therapeutic use, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols adverse effects, Bevacizumab adverse effects, ErbB Receptors genetics, Erlotinib Hydrochloride adverse effects, Gefitinib therapeutic use, Humans, Mutation, Protein Kinase Inhibitors adverse effects, Adenocarcinoma of Lung drug therapy, Adenocarcinoma of Lung genetics, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung drug therapy, Lung Neoplasms drug therapy, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Lung Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of various epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus bevacizumab in advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients., Materials and Methods: From August 2016 to October 2020, we enrolled advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients harboring exon 19 deletion or L858R receiving gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib plus bevacizumab as the first-line treatment for the purposes of analysis., Results: A total of 36 patients were included in the final analysis. Three patients received gefitinib, 17 received erlotinib, and 16 received afatinib combined with bevacizumab as the first-line treatment. The objective response rate was 77.8%, and disease control rate was 94.4%. The overall median progression-free survival (PFS) was 16.4 months, while the median PFS was 17.1 months in patients with exon 19 deletion, and 16.2 months in patients with L858R mutation (p=0.311). Regarding the use of different EGFR-TKIs, the median PFS was 17.1 months in the erlotinib group and 21.6 months in the afatinib group (p=0.617). In patients with brain metastasis at baseline, the median PFS was 18.9 months in the erlotinib group and 16.4 months in the afatinib group (p=0.747). Amongst patients harboring exon 19 deletion, the median PFS was 16.2 months in the erlotinib group and not-reached in the afatinib group (p=0.141). In patients with L858R mutation, the median PFS was 18.9 months in the erlotinib group and 16.2 months in the afatinib group (p=0.481)., Conclusion: Our research demonstrates that not only erlotinib combined with bevacizumab, but also afatinib plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment, provides solid clinical efficacy in advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients.
- Published
- 2022
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41. ANA positivity and complement level in pleural fluid are potential diagnostic markers in discriminating lupus pleuritis from pleural effusion of other aetiologies.
- Author
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Chen DY, Huang YH, Chen YM, Chen JJW, Yang TY, Chang GC, and Tang KT
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Antinuclear, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid complications, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic complications, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic diagnosis, Pleural Effusion diagnosis, Pleural Effusion etiology, Pleurisy diagnosis, Pleurisy etiology
- Abstract
Objective: Lupus pleuritis is the most common pulmonary manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aimed to compare various biomarkers in discriminating between pleural effusions due to lupus pleuritis and other aetiologies., Methods: We determined in 59 patients (16 patients with SLE and 43 patients without SLE) pleural fluid levels of high-mobility group box 1, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), adenosine deaminase (ADA), interleukin (IL) 17A, tumour necrosis factor-α, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and complements C3 and C4., Results: We found significant differences in the pleural fluid level of sRAGE, ADA, IL-17A, C3 and C4, and in the proportion of ANA positivity, among lupus pleuritis and other groups with pleural effusion. Specifically, ANA positivity (titre ≥1: 80) achieved a high sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 83% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97% in discriminating lupus pleuritis from non-lupus pleural effusion. A parallel combination of the level of C3 (<24 mg/dL) and C4 (<3 mg/dL) achieved a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 89% and NPV of 93% in discriminating lupus pleuritis from non-lupus exudative pleural effusion., Conclusions: In conclusion, ANA, C3 and C4 in pleural fluid are useful in discriminating lupus pleuritis from pleural effusion due to other aetiologies with high NPV., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2021
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42. Comprehensive Analysis and Risk Identification of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis in Non-HIV Patients.
- Author
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Lin C, Yang TY, Chan MC, Hsu KH, Huang YH, and Tseng JS
- Abstract
Pulmonary cryptococcosis in the non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected population is uncommon. We aimed to explore the relevance between clinical presentations, radiological findings, and comorbidities and identify the outcome predictors. A total of 321 patients at Taichung Veterans General Hospital between 2005 and 2019 were included; of them, 204 (63.6%) had at least one comorbidity, while 67 (20.9%) had two or more. The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (27.4%), malignant solid tumor (19.6%), autoimmune disease (15.6%), and chronic kidney disease (8.4%). Patients experiencing comorbidity, particularly those with multiple comorbidities, had a higher multilobar and extrapulmonary involvement, which could explain these patients being more symptomatic. In the overall population, extrapulmonary involvement independently predicted disease recurrence and death. Amongst patients with isolated pulmonary cryptococcosis, age, cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) titer in blood, and comorbidities not only predicted the extent of disease, but also its outcome. Of note, patients simultaneously with age ≥ 65 years, CrAg test ≥ 1:128, and multiple comorbidities had the lowest disease control of antifungal treatment (76.9%) and the highest rate of disease recurrence or death from any cause (40.0%). In conclusion, approximately two-thirds of patients had at least one underlying comorbidity. In addition to extrapulmonary involvement, old age, high CrAg titer in blood, and multiple comorbidities could act as risk factors for predicting the extent of disease and outcome.
- Published
- 2021
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43. The Association of Acquired T790M Mutation with Clinical Characteristics after Resistance to First-Line Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Lung Adenocarcinoma.
- Author
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Huang YH, Hsu KH, Tseng JS, Chen KC, Hsu CH, Su KY, Chen JJW, Chen HW, Yu SL, Yang TY, and Chang GC
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung drug therapy, Adenocarcinoma of Lung pathology, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, ErbB Receptors genetics, Exons, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation Rate, Progression-Free Survival, Retrospective Studies, Adenocarcinoma of Lung genetics, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Point Mutation, Protein Kinase Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Abstract
Purpose: The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among the clinical characteristics and the frequency of T790M mutation in advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‒mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients with acquired resistance after firstline EGFR‒tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment., Materials and Methods: We enrolled EGFR-mutant stage IIIB-IV lung adenocarcinoma patients, who had progressed to prior EGFR-TKI therapy, and evaluated their rebiopsy EGFR mutation status., Results: A total of 205 patients were enrolled for analysis. The overall T790M mutation rate of rebiopsy was 46.3%. The T790M mutation rates among patients with exon 19 deletion mutation, exon 21 L858R point mutation, and other mutations were 55.0%, 37.3%, and 27.3%, respectively. Baseline exon 19 deletion was associated with a significantly higher frequency of T790M mutation (adjusted odds ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 3.83; p=0.010). In the exon 19 deletion subgroup, there was a greater prevalence of T790M mutation than other exon 19 deletion subtypes in patients with the Del E746-A750 mutation (61.6% vs. 40.6%; odds ratio, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.01 to 5.49; p=0.049). The progression-free survival (PFS) of first-line TKI treatment > 11 months was also associated with a higher T790M mutation rate (54.1% vs. 39.3%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.02 to 3.25; p=0.044). Patients who underwent rebiopsy at metastatic sites had more chance to harbor T790M mutation (52.6% vs. 33.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.67; p=0.032)., Conclusion: PFS of first-line EGFR-TKI, rebiopsy site, EGFR exon 19 deletion and its subtype Del E746- A750 mutation are associated with the frequency of T790M mutation.
- Published
- 2018
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44. Intercalated Treatment Following Rebiopsy Is Associated with a Shorter Progression-Free Survival of Osimertinib Treatment.
- Author
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Tseng JS, Yang TY, Chen KC, Hsu KH, Huang YH, Su KY, Yu SL, and Chang GC
- Subjects
- Acrylamides, Aniline Compounds, Biopsy, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung genetics, ErbB Receptors genetics, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms genetics, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Progression-Free Survival, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung drug therapy, Lung Neoplasms drug therapy, Piperazines therapeutic use, Protein Kinase Inhibitors therapeutic use
- Abstract
Purpose: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation serves as an important predictor of osimertinib efficacy. However, little is known about how it works among patients with various timings of T790M emergence and treatment., Materials and Methods: Advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients with positive T790M mutation in tumor were retrospectively enrolled and observed to determine the outcomes of osimertinib treatment. We evaluated the association between patients' characteristics and the efficacy of osimertinib treatment, particularly with respect to the timing of T790M emergence and osimertinib prescription., Results: A total of 91 patients were enrolled, including 14 (15.4%) with primary and 77 (84.6%) with acquired T790M mutation. The objective response rate and disease controlratewere 60.9% and 85.1%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 11.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.0 to 14.0) and 30.4 months (95% CI, 11.3 to 49.5), respectively. There was no significant difference in response rate and PFS between primary and acquired T790M populations. In the acquired T790M subgroup, patientswho received osimertinib after T790M had been confirmed by rebiopsy had a longer PFS than those with intercalated treatments between rebiopsy and osimertinib prescription (14.0 months [95% CI, 9.0 to 18.9] vs. 7.2 months [95% CI, 3.7 to 10.8]; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.98; p=0.043]). Rebiopsy timing did not influence the outcome., Conclusion: Osimertinib prescription with intercalated treatment following rebiopsy but not the timing of T790M emergence influenced the treatment outcome. We suggest that it is better to start osimertinib treatment once T790M mutation has been confirmed by biopsy.
- Published
- 2018
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45. Predilection of contralateral upper lung metastasis in upper lobe lung adenocarcinoma patients.
- Author
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Huang YH, Hsu KH, Tseng JS, Chen KC, Su KY, Chen HY, Chang CS, Chen JJ, Yu SL, Chen HW, Yang TY, and Chang GC
- Abstract
Background: Lung cancer with lung to lung metastasis is common. The objective of this study was to investigate the association among the distribution of contralateral lung metastases versus primary lung tumor location, clinical characteristics, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations status., Methods: The study included treatment-naïve stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with contralateral lung metastases from 2012 through 2013., Results: In total, 103 patients were enrolled after excluding lung cancer with histology other than adenocarcinoma, synchronous multiple primary lung cancers, or other active malignancy. The median age was 65 years (range, 28-93 years); 47 male patients (45.6%); 69 non-smoker (NS) patients (67.0%); 68 Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0-1 patients (66.0%); 38 M1a patients (38.9%); and 60 EGFR mutation patients (58.3%). There were 51 cases (49.5%) with primary lung cancer located over upper lobes. Among them, 36 (70.6%) had contralateral upper lung predominance metastasis, 9 (17.6%) had lower lung predominance, and 6 (11.8%) had equal distribution. Among the 52 lower lobe tumors, 17 (32.7%), 19 (36.5%), and 16 (30.8%) had upper, lower lung predominance, and equal distribution metastasis, respectively. Univariate analysis showed only male gender and primary tumor location over upper lobes were significantly associated with contralateral upper lung predominance metastases. After multivariate analysis, only primary tumor location over upper lobes was significantly associated with contralateral upper lung predominance metastases (adjusted OR 5.49, 95% CI, 2.15-14.03, P<0.001)., Conclusions: Upper lobe lung adenocarcinoma was significantly associated with contralateral upper lung predominance metastases. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
- Published
- 2016
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46. [(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbothio-ylsulfan-yl]methyl pyrrolidine-1-carbodithio-ate.
- Author
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Chou WL, Yih KH, Lee GH, Huang YH, and Wang HF
- Abstract
The title compound, C(11)H(18)N(2)S(4), was unexpectedly obtained during studies on the reactivity of the complex tris-(acac-κ(2)O,O')gallium(III) (acac is acetyl-acetonate) with C(4)H(8)NCS(2)H in dichloro-methane. The title compound shows disordered two pyrrolidine rings with major and minor occupancies of 0.546 (4) and 0.454 (4). Two (pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbothio-ylsulfanyl units are linked together through a methyl-ene C atom and weak C-H⋯S inter-actions are found.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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