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1. Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Factors of Agricultural Carbon Emissions in the Belt and Road Region of China.

Author

Ying Zhou, Tong Wang, Rongcun Peng, and Huimin Hu

Subjects
*CARBON emissions, *CLIMATE change, *AGRICULTURAL development, *SUSTAINABLE development, *INTERNATIONAL trade
Abstract

The implementation of the "Belt and Road" strategy not only promotes the coordinated development of China's regional economy but also generates a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions. The research and policy recommendations on agricultural carbon emissions are of great significance for China toward engendering sustainable agricultural development and appreciably contributing to the alleviation of global climate change. In this paper, agricultural carbon emissions in the Belt and Road region of China from 2003-2018 are calculated, and its spatial-temporal characteristics are analyzed. Then, we modified the logarithmic mean Divisia index model from the original four factors to six to analyze the drivers of agricultural carbon emissions. The research results obtained are as follows: (1) Total carbon emission reached a peak of 26.6326 million tons in 2016, representing a 54.53% increase from the 17.2342 million tons in 2003. Moreover, it indicated a downward trend in 2017 and dropped by approximately 4% to 25.5685 million tons in 2018. (2) Spatially, agricultural carbon emission varies greatly, with the highest value recorded in Heilongjiang and the lowest in Tibet, thereby exhibiting the characteristics of "northwest>northeast>southwest>southeast." (3) Overall, the economic factor was the most important driving factor, whereas the subsidy factor was the strongest inhibiting factor for the growth of agricultural carbon emissions. Notably, the foreign trade factor had both promoting and inhibiting effects on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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2. Increased Productivity and Food Security, Enhanced Resilience and Reduced Carbon Emissions for Sustainable Development : Opportunities and Challenges for a Converging Agenda - Country Examples

Author

World Bank

Subjects
CARBON TRADING, CARBON FINANCE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, COMMODITIES, ANIMAL NUTRITION, BIOMASS ENERGY, CARBON STORAGE, AGRICULTURAL LAND, WHEAT YIELDS, WATERSHED MANAGEMENT, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, FRUITS, NATURAL CAPITAL, RENEWABLE ENERGY, AGRICULTURAL SECTORS, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, WATER POLLUTION, POVERTY RATES, COFFEE, ORGANIC MATTER, LIVESTOCK BREEDING, CARBON STOCKS, LABOR COSTS, DEVELOPMENT BANKS, FARMERS, NITRATE, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, WELFARE GAINS, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST MANAGEMENT, LAND PRODUCTIVITY, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, COLORS, FOREST ECOSYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES, FOREST FIRE, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, LOW-CARBON, AFDB, VEGETABLES, CARBON EMISSIONS, EROSION CONTROL, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AQUACULTURE, RAIN, EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION, ENVIRONMENTAL, POVERTY REDUCTION, FOOD PRODUCTION, FAO, FARMERS RIGHTS, ANIMAL WASTE, CROP PRODUCTION, BIODIVERSITY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, GREENHOUSE, BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT, CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, PUBLIC GOOD, RURAL POPULATION, CLIMATE CHANGE, EMISSIONS GROWTH, INPUT USE, PASTURES, SUSTAINABLE FOREST, CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, ARABLE LAND, FOREST DEGRADATION, BIOMASS, CARBON, CGIAR, METHANE, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, FORESTS, REDUCED CO2, FOREST PLANTATION, TEMPERATURE, DROUGHT, FOREST, CROPPING, PRECIPITATION, TREES, CO2, FOREST INVESTMENT, AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, FARMING, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, WHEAT, ANIMAL AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE, NATIONAL RESEARCH, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY, FOREST RESTORATION, UNDP, RICE, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, REDUCING EMISSIONS, CEREALS, FLOODS, FOREST LANDS, CLIMATE, UNEP, PADDY RICE, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, GHG, PRODUCTION PATTERNS, CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, PRODUCERS, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, EMISSIONS FROM LAND USE, INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, POPULATION GROWTH RATES, CROP DIVERSIFICATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCK, GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, TRANSACTION COSTS, LAND USE, RAINFALL, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, POPULATION GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, CROP ROTATION, AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION, DEFORESTATION RATES, OIL, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION, CROP INSURANCE, COTTON, SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, SEEDS, BIOGAS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS, RISK MANAGEMENT, AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION, GREENHOUSE GAS, INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, FOREST PRODUCTS, FISHING, FARMS, FISH, POLLUTION, CLEAN TECHNOLOGY, RURAL POVERTY, TIMBER, WATERSHED, NATIONAL INCOME, FOOD SAFETY, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, DECISION MAKING, ANIMALS, CROP, FOREST REGENERATION, SOIL CONSERVATION, WASTE MANAGEMENT, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, DEGRADED LAND, SOIL CARBON, LANDSCAPE RESTORATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTS, AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, FISH SYSTEMS, ELECTRICITY, STORMS, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, GOATS, IRRIGATION, RICE CULTIVATION, CARBON DIOXIDE, FARM SYSTEMS, SOIL FERTILITY, FOOD SECURITY, FARMLAND, DEVELOPMENT WORKS, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND USE CHANGE, UNITED NATIONS, SOIL DEGRADATION, FOREST FIRE MANAGEMENT, AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION, AGRIBUSINESS, PASTURE LAND, GRAIN, GROUND CARBON, AQUATIC PRODUCTS, CONSERVATION TILLAGE, FARMING SYSTEMS, FORESTRY, AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION, AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, NATURAL RESOURCES, SOILS, CROP YIELDS, CAPACITY BUILDING, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY, WATER RESOURCES, AFFORESTATION, ENERGY SOURCES, VEGETATIVE COVER, ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, DEFORESTATION, FISHERIES, GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS, IFAD
Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the challenges and the practical successes that a selected number of countries are experiencing in moving towards 'climate-smart' agriculture while also meeting the food requirements of a growing population, broader economic development and green growth objectives. It complements papers prepared in 2010 on technologies and policy instruments, research, and farmers' perspectives. The paper is also intended to provide a broad country perspective to two additional papers produced for a meeting of African Ministers of Agriculture which took place in Johannesburg in September 2011. The main conclusion is that a number of countries have made impressive progress in integrating 'climate-smart agriculture' into broader development and growth programs. Several countries are supporting policy measures and programs to conserve soil and moisture while enhancing productivity and competitiveness, and are addressing the particular concerns of drought-prone semi-arid areas. They are improving agricultural water management and watershed management, and addressing sea-surges, salinity and coastal flooding. Some countries are also including climate-smart agriculture as a core element in broader green growth agendas. The private sector has a key role to play in climate-smart agriculture, especially where the enabling environment has been favorable. Achieving climate-smart agriculture needs an integrated approach, tackling productivity and food security, risk and resilience, and low carbon growth together, but integration and institutional coordination remains a challenge in many countries.

Published
2011