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2. Discussion on the Papers on `Statistics and Mathematics'
- Published
- 1998
3. Feature Papers in Mathematical and Computational Applications.
- Author
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Rozza, Gianluigi, Fantuzzi, Nicholas, Rozza, Gianluigi, and Schütze, Oliver
- Subjects
History of engineering & technology ,Materials science ,Technology: general issues ,applied mathematics ,differential equations ,mathematical modelling ,numerical analysis ,numerical simulation - Abstract
Summary: This volume comprises the first collection of papers submitted by the Editorial Board Members (EBMs) of the journal Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA), as well as outstanding scholars working in the core research fields of MCA. This collection typifies the most insightful and influential original articles regarding key topics in these fields.
4. Correlated Equilibrium and Evolutionary Stability in 3-Player Rock-Paper-Scissors
- Author
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William C. Grant
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,correlated equilibrium ,evolutionarily stable strategies ,rock paper scissors ,Applied Mathematics ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty - Abstract
In the game of rock-paper-scissors with three players, this paper identifies conditions for a correlated equilibrium that differs from the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium and is evolutionarily stable. For this to occur, the correlation device attaches more probability to three-way ties and solo-winner outcomes than would result from the Nash equilibrium. The correlated equilibrium is evolutionarily stable because any mutant fares worse than a signal-following player when facing two players who follow their own correlated signals. The critical quality of the correlation device is to make this true both for potential mutants who would disobey their signal and instead choose the action which would beat the action signaled to the player, as well as for potential mutants who would deviate to the action that would be beaten by what the device signals to the player. These findings reveal how a strict correlated equilibrium can produce evolutionarily stable strategies for rock-paper-scissors with three players.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Multi-scale model for time-dependent degradation of historic paper artefacts
- Author
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Parsa Sadr, A., Bosco, E., Suiker, A.S.J., and Applied Mechanics and Design
- Subjects
Cellulose fibres ,Historic paper ,Mechanics of Materials ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Modeling and Simulation ,SDG 13 – Klimaatactie ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,General Materials Science ,Chemo-mechanical degradation ,Indoor climate conditions ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Asymptotic homogenization - Abstract
The degradation of paper is due to complex physical and chemical processes that occur as the paper ages, and is enhanced by environmental factors, such as the temperature and relative humidity, and by intrinsic parameters, such as the acidity of the paper. The literature reports that a large percentage of historic documents, manuscripts, and paper objects in museums, libraries and collections is susceptible to degradation phenomena, which may ultimately affect their integrity and longevity. This contribution presents a novel computational model to predict the degradation and lifetime of historic paper. The approach is based on: i) a multi-physics modelling framework, which considers the relevant chemical and mechanical degradation processes and the influence by the ambient environmental conditions, and ii) a multi-scale description, which includes the effect of the intrinsic hierarchical structure of paper, from the fibre- and fibrous network levels to the effective macro-scale, paper sheet level. The paper fibres constructing the fibrous network are characterized by an age-dependent, chemo-mechanical constitutive behaviour. In particular, an evolution equation describes the reduction of the degree of polymerization of cellulose as a function of time and the specific environmental conditions, which in turn is used for determining the fibre tensile strength. The fibre stresses induced by hygro-expansion and hygro-contraction under a change in relative humidity are computed using a coupled hygro-mechanical model, and lead to brittle damage once the fibre tensile strength is reached. Accordingly, the chemical degradation of individual fibres affects the local damage development and stress distribution in the fibrous network, and thereby governs the material response at the paper sheet scale. Asymptotic homogenization is used to calculate the effective hygro-mechanical properties of the fibrous network. A set of numerical simulations is performed to predict the time-dependent degradation of historic paper under a range of temperature, relative humidity and acidity conditions. From these results, isochrone degradation maps are constructed that illustrate the expected lifetime of historic paper as a function of the ambient climate conditions and the acidity of the paper. Further, a practical, analytical degradation function is derived that can be used for a fast estimation of the time-dependent stiffness degradation of paper. The outcome of this work may help conservators to determine the optimal indoor climate conditions in museums, archives and libraries for limiting or delaying time-dependent degradation of historic paper artefacts.
- Published
- 2022
6. Formalizing Opponent Modeling with the Rock, Paper, Scissors Game
- Author
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Erik Brockbank and Edward Vul
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Technology ,Adaptive reasoning ,Exploit ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,Applied Mathematics ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,Social Sciences ,adversarial reasoning ,rock-paper-scissors ,Adversary ,Adversarial system ,sequential reasoning ,ddc:330 ,Adversarial process ,Artificial intelligence ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,business ,competition ,Simple (philosophy) - Abstract
In simple dyadic games such as rock, paper, scissors (RPS), people exhibit peculiar sequential dependencies across repeated interactions with a stable opponent. These regularities seem to arise from a mutually adversarial process of trying to outwit their opponent. What underlies this process, and what are its limits? Here, we offer a novel framework for formally describing and quantifying human adversarial reasoning in the rock, paper, scissors game. We first show that this framework enables a precise characterization of the complexity of patterned behaviors that people exhibit themselves, and appear to exploit in others. This combination allows for a quantitative understanding of human opponent modeling abilities. We apply these tools to an experiment in which people played 300 rounds of RPS in stable dyads. We find that although people exhibit very complex move dependencies, they cannot exploit these dependencies in their opponents, indicating a fundamental limitation in people’s capacity for adversarial reasoning. Taken together, the results presented here show how the rock, paper, scissors game allows for precise formalization of human adaptive reasoning abilities.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Locally adaptive aggregation of organisms under death risk in rock-paper-scissors models
- Author
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J. Menezes and E. Rangel
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Applied Mathematics ,Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Medicine ,Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS) ,Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems ,Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph) ,Modeling and Simulation ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability ,Physics - Biological Physics ,Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution ,Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO) ,Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an) - Abstract
We run stochastic simulations of the spatial version of the rock-paper-scissors game, considering that individuals use sensory abilities to scan the environment to detect the presence of enemies. If the local dangerousness level is above a tolerable threshold, individuals aggregate instead of moving randomly on the lattice. We study the impact of the locally adaptive aggregation on the organisms' spatial organisation by measuring the characteristic length scale of the spatial domains occupied by organisms of a single species. Our results reveal that aggregation is beneficial if triggered when the local density of opponents does not exceed $30\%$; otherwise, the behavioural strategy may harm individuals by increasing the average death risk. We show that if organisms can perceive further distances, they can accurately scan and interpret the signals from the neighbourhood, maximising the effects of the locally adaptive aggregation on the death risk. Finally, we show that the locally adaptive aggregation behaviour promotes biodiversity independently of the organism's mobility. The coexistence probability rises if organisms join conspecifics, even in the presence of a small number of enemies. We verify that our conclusions hold for more complex systems by simulating the generalised rock-paper-scissors models with five and seven species. Our discoveries may be helpful to ecologists in understanding systems where organisms' self-defence behaviour adapts to local environmental cues., 8 pages, 9 figures
- Published
- 2023
8. Rock-Paper-Scissors Play: Beyond the Win-Stay/Lose-Change Strategy
- Author
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Frederic Moisan, Hanshu Zhang, and Cleotilde Gonzalez
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Technology ,Computer science ,Social Sciences ,rock-paper-scissors ,Downgrade ,Outcome (game theory) ,win-stay/lose-change ,03 medical and health sciences ,Adversarial system ,Theory of mind ,0502 economics and business ,ddc:330 ,050207 economics ,030304 developmental biology ,theory of mind ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,05 social sciences ,Stochastic game ,Probabilistic logic ,Upgrade ,Artificial intelligence ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,business ,Diversity (business) - Abstract
This research studied the strategies that players use in sequential adversarial games. We took the Rock-Paper-Scissors (RPS) game as an example and ran players in two experiments. The first experiment involved two humans, who played the RPS together for 100 times. Importantly, our payoff design in the RPS allowed us to differentiate between participants who used a random strategy from those who used a Nash strategy. We found that participants did not play in agreement with the Nash strategy, but rather, their behavior was closer to random. Moreover, the analyses of the participants’ sequential actions indicated heterogeneous cycle-based behaviors: some participants’ actions were independent of their past outcomes, some followed a well-known win-stay/lose-change strategy, and others exhibited the win-change/lose-stay behavior. To understand the sequential patterns of outcome-dependent actions, we designed probabilistic computer algorithms involving specific change actions (i.e., to downgrade or upgrade according to the immediate past outcome): the Win-Downgrade/Lose-Stay (WDLS) or Win-Stay/Lose-Upgrade (WSLU) strategies. Experiment 2 used these strategies against a human player. Our findings show that participants followed a win-stay strategy against the WDLS algorithm and a lose-change strategy against the WSLU algorithm, while they had difficulty in using an upgrade/downgrade direction, suggesting humans’ limited ability to detect and counter the actions of the algorithm. Taken together, our two experiments showed a large diversity of sequential strategies, where the win-stay/lose-change strategy did not describe the majority of human players’ dynamic behaviors in this adversarial situation.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Determining special features in the topography of paper with water marks at the micro and nanolevels
- Author
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Tetiana Klymenko, Nadiia Talimonova, Tetiana Kyrychok, and Katerina Svezhentsova
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Materials science ,020209 energy ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Chaotic ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Surface finish ,surface structure of paper ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Optics ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,021105 building & construction ,Microscopy ,lcsh:Technology (General) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Surface structure ,lcsh:Industry ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,roughness ,contact profilometry ,atomic force microscopy ,business.industry ,Atomic force microscopy ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Experimental research ,Computer Science Applications ,Control and Systems Engineering ,tamper-proof paper ,lcsh:T1-995 ,Nanometre ,lcsh:HD2321-4730.9 ,Profilometer ,business - Abstract
We have studied the surface structure of tamper-proof paper with positive and negative watermarks at different scales ‒ from a micrometer to a nanometer level, by using the methods of contact profilometry and atomic force microscopy. Experimental research has confirmed that the structural parameters of the tamper-proof paper's surface differ at regions with and without watermarks. The results of measurements by a contact profilometer have made it possible to trace a correlation between values of the profile's mean arithmetic deviation and the presence of watermarks. It was determined that the value for the profile's largest height does not depend on a measurement region, which could be related to the chaotic arrangement of fibers and particles of the filler in the paper bulk that protrude above the profile's line. By analyzing the value of the profile's mean arithmetic deviation obtained by using a method of atomic-force microscopy, it was found that for regions with negative watermarks it is larger than that for regions with positive watermarks. The dependence of the profile's largest height on measurement region is not clearly observed. This may be due to that the size of the examined region (3,000×3,000 nm) covers only part of the pulp fibers. Thus, the results of our analysis allow us to argue that both methods are suitable for estimating the characteristics of paper's surface, and determine the character of interaction between a given type of paper and printing inks during printing process. In particular, it has been established that the method of profilometry makes it possible to determine parameters of the paper's surface profile, formed in a certain way, while the atomic force microscopy method allows analysis of the morphology of its components, located at the surface (fibers, filler's particles, etc.). The availability of information on the structural properties of paper makes it possible to predict the quality of printing reproduction, specifically clearness of reproduction of thin guilloche lines on watermarks, which is relevant because it prevents flaws in printing products for special purposes.
- Published
- 2019
10. Technical Notes and Short Papers
- Author
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Forsythe, George E., Onoe, Morio, Pawlak, Z., Rubenstein, R. A., Huse, Marjorie, Machlup, Stefan, and Stelson, Hugh E.
- Published
- 1956
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Using Whole Brain® thinking to inform lecturer identity in family medicine: a position paper
- Author
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Pieter Hertzog Du Toit
- Subjects
pesquisa-ação holística ou baseada no modelo Whole Brain® ,pensamento holístico (ou baseado no modelo Whole Brain®) ,self-regulated professional learning ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,formación de la identidad docente ,aprendizaje profesional autorregulado ,formação da identidade do professor ,investigación-acción Whole Brain® ,Whole Brain® action research ,pesquisa-ação participativa ,lecturer identity formation ,aprendizagem profissional autorregulada ,Whole Brain® thinking ,pensamiento Whole Brain® ,investigación-acción participativa Whole Brain® ,Whole Brain® participatory action research - Abstract
This paper serves as a conceptualisation of how the principles of Whole Brain® thinking can be used to inform lecturer identity. The objective of this position paper is to engage discourse on the educational professional development of early-career academics in health sciences. It is about laying a scholarly foundation for self-study. As a scholarly community of practice in family medicine we wanted to determine to what extent the literature – theoretical framework – is silent on innovative means to ensure that academics take responsibility for their development, using self-regulated learning and self-empowerment. In our search for literature on theories of professional learning we came across the theory about Whole Brain® thinking. Our action research initiatives revolve around the notion of individuals’ preferences for different modes of thinking. Our preferred modes of thinking inform our teaching practice and lecturer identity. Este documento sirve como una conceptualización de como los principios del pensamiento Whole Brain® pueden usarse para informar la identidad del profesor. El objetivo de este documento de posición es participar en el discurso sobre el desarrollo profesional educativo de los académicos en las primeras carreras de ciencias de la salud. Se trata de sentar una base académica para el autoestudio. Como comunidad académica de práctica en medicina familiar, queríamos determinar en que medida la literatura – el marco teórico – guarda silencio sobre los medios innovadores para garantizar que los académicos asuman la responsabilidad de su desarrollo, utilizando el aprendizaje autorregulado y el autoempoderamiento. En nuestra búsqueda de literatura sobre teorías del aprendizaje profesional nos encontramos con la teoría del pensamiento Whole Brain®. Nuestras iniciativas de investigación-acción giran en torno a la noción de las preferencias de los individuos por diferentes modos de pensamiento. Nuestros modos preferidos de pensamiento informan nuestra práctica docente y nuestra identidad como profesor. O presente artigo busca uma conceitualização sobre como os princípios do pensamento holístico (ou baseado no modelo Whole Brain®) podem ser usados para informar a identidade do professor. O objetivo deste artigo de posição é envolver o discurso sobre o desenvolvimento profissional educacional de acadêmicos em início de carreira nas ciências da saúde; trata-se de estabelecer uma base acadêmica para o autoestudo. Como comunidade de prática em medicina familiar, queríamos determinar até que ponto a literatura – quadro teórico – está silenciosa sobre meios inovadores para garantir que os acadêmicos assumam a responsabilidade por seu desenvolvimento, usando a aprendizagem autorregulada e o autoempoderamento. Na nossa busca por literatura sobre teorias de aprendizagem profissional, encontramos a teoria sobre o pensamento Whole Brain®. Todas as iniciativas estão em torno da noção das preferências individuais por diferentes modos de pensamento; os modos de pensar que preferimos informam a nossa prática de ensino e a identidade docente.
- Published
- 2022
12. Models of the population playing the Rock-Paper-Scissors game
- Author
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Włodzimierz Bąk, Tadeusz Nadzieja, and Mateusz Wróbel
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education.field_of_study ,Game mechanics ,Asymptotic behaviour of trajectories ,Dynamical systems theory ,Computer science ,Applied Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Population ,01 natural sciences ,010101 applied mathematics ,time average ,Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics ,Applied mathematics ,Time average ,rock-paper-scissors game ,0101 mathematics ,education ,Video game design ,Bifurcation - Abstract
We consider discrete dynamical systems coming from the models of evolution of populations playing rock - paper - scissors game . Asymptotic behaviour of trajectories of these systems is described, occurrence of the Neimark-Sacker bifurcation and nonexistence of time averages are proved.
- Published
- 2018
13. Moisture-induced buckling of paper sheets, analysis and simulation
- Author
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Joseph M. Maubach, R. de Böck, Barry Koren, L.H. Saes, A.A.F. van de Ven, Center for Analysis, Scientific Computing & Appl., and Scientific Computing
- Subjects
Rayleigh–Ritz method ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Materials science ,Nonlinear simulation ,02 engineering and technology ,Orthotropic material ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Paper deformation ,General Materials Science ,Buckle ,Moisture ,business.industry ,Buckling ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Isotropy ,Structural engineering ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,Mechanics of Materials ,Modeling and Simulation ,Plate theory ,Von Kármán plate theory ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Rayleigh-Ritz method - Abstract
Understanding the effects of water absorption on the geometry of a paper sheet is important for inkjet printing applications, since internal moisture content differences may cause unacceptable out-of-plane deformations. The present work focuses on moisture-induced deformations due to a moisture content that is uniform over the thickness of the sheet. Large enough in-plane differences will cause the sheet to buckle, leading to a wavy pattern at the edges of the sheet. Two approaches are utilized to study this for levels of moisture content up to and including the threshold for buckling. An analytical approach, based on geometrically nonlinear plate theory (von Karman theory), and a numerical one, using commercially available finite element software, are presented. As a first reference problem an isotropic circular plate, wetted uniformly at its center, is solved both analytically and numerically for the in-plane stress distribution, the buckling threshold, and the resulting buckling mode. Secondly, the same is done for an orthotropic rectangular plate, wetted at its edges. Here, in the analytical approach a Rayleigh–Ritz analysis is employed to approximate the buckling threshold. The latter is also calculated by numerical means. The results show that the methods provide results consistent with each other.
- Published
- 2017
14. Remarks on a recent paper titled: 'On the split common fixed point problem for strict pseudocontractive and asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces'
- Author
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Charles E. Chidume
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Smoothness (probability theory) ,Applied Mathematics ,lcsh:Mathematics ,Banach space ,Hilbert space ,Regular polygon ,010103 numerical & computational mathematics ,Fixed point ,lcsh:QA1-939 ,01 natural sciences ,Opial property ,010101 applied mathematics ,symbols.namesake ,Accretive ,Uniformly smooth ,Common fixed point ,symbols ,Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics ,0101 mathematics ,Constant (mathematics) ,Analysis ,Mathematics - Abstract
In a recently published theorem on the split common fixed point problem for strict pseudocontractive and asymptotically nonexpansive mappings, Tang et al. (J. Inequal. Appl. 2015:305, 2015) studied a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth real Banach space with the Opial property and best smoothness constant κ satisfying the condition $0 0 < κ < 1 2 , as a real Banach space more general than Hilbert spaces. A well-known example of a uniformly convex and 2-uniformly smooth real Banach space with the Opial property is $E=l_{p}$ E = l p , $2\leq p 2 ≤ p < ∞ . It is shown in this paper that, if κ is the best smoothness constant of E and satisfies the condition $0 0 < κ ≤ 1 2 , then E is necessarily $l_{2}$ l 2 , a real Hilbert space. Furthermore, some important remarks concerning the proof of this theorem are presented.
- Published
- 2021
15. How local antipredator response unbalances the rock-paper-scissors model
- Author
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J. Menezes, S. Batista, M. Tenorio, E. Triaca, and B. Moura
- Subjects
Applied Mathematics ,Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE) ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Statistical and Nonlinear Physics ,Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS) ,Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons ,Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods ,Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems ,Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph) ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Physics - Biological Physics ,Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution ,Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO) ,Mathematical Physics ,Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM) - Abstract
Antipredator behaviour is a self-preservation strategy present in many biological systems, where individuals join the effort in a collective reaction to avoid being caught by an approaching predator. We study a nonhierarchical tritrophic system, whose predator-prey interactions are described by the rock-paper-scissors game rules. We performed a set of spatial stochastic simulations where organisms of one out of the species can resist predation in a collective strategy. The drop in predation capacity is local, which means that each predator faces a particular opposition depending on the prey group size surrounding it. Considering that the interference in a predator action depends on the prey's physical and cognitive ability, we explore the role of a conditioning factor that indicates the fraction of the species apt to perform the antipredator strategy. Because of the local unbalancing of the cyclic predator-prey interactions, departed spatial domains mainly occupied by a single species emerge. Unlike the rock-paper-scissors model with a weak species because a nonlocal reason, our findings show that if the predation probability of one species is reduced because individuals face local antipredator response, the species does not predominate. Instead, the local unbalancing of the rock-paper-scissors model results in the prevalence of the weak species' prey. Finally, the outcomes show that local unevenness may jeopardise biodiversity, with the coexistence being more threatened for high mobility., 9 pages, 11 figures
- Published
- 2022
16. Application of paper mill sludge and additional chemical substances in the production of container cardboard
- Author
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Vita Halysh, Inna Trus, Iaroslav Radovenchyk, Tetyana Shabliy, Anna Ivanchenko, Alina Nikolaichuk, and Nikolai Gomelya
- Subjects
Nanoteknik ,container cardboard ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,flocculant ,Praestol ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Computer Science Applications ,Percol ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Environmental Chemistry ,Nano Technology ,fiber sludge ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Polimin ,wastepaper processing ,Food Science - Abstract
The possibility to dispose of paper mill sludge as part of a composition of container cardboard from secondary raw materials has been investigated. The fractional composition of the sludge was studied and it was shown that the main part of the fibers is represented by small particles with a size of up to 1.2mm. Studying the processes of formation of container cardboard when using paper mill sludge showed that an increase in the consumption of fibrous-inorganic waste leads to a deterioration in the physical and mechanical properties of cardboard. However, the increase in sludge consumption does not affect the surface absorption of water during one-sided wetting. The value of these indicators is within the normal range and is 25 and 70g/m2, respectively. In addition, an increase in sludge consumption from 10 to 50% in the manufacture of cardboard leads to a decrease in the degree of fiber retention on the grid from 86.3 to 82.1%. Regularities of using strengthening additives, namely industrial cationic and anionic flocculants, as well as native corn and modified starches for the strength of cardboard and the quality of sub-grid waters, have been established. Research results show that the effect of flocculants is quite ambiguous. On the one hand, there is a clearly observed positive impact on the quality of the sub-grid waters. This is due to the reduction of their turbidity due to smaller fiber washes. Nevertheless, the positive effect on physical and mechanical parameters is minimal, and in some cases, there is a decrease in strength indicators. The greater the efficiency of keeping fine fiber on the grid when using flocculants, the lower the values of physical and mechanical indicators. In general, when using sludge in the composition of cardboard in combination with flocculants and starch, the indicators were achieved that are considered standard for waste paper container cardboard of grade KT-1 according to TU U 17.1-41085075-002:2017
- Published
- 2022
17. Classification of forensic hyperspectral paper data using hybrid spectral similarity algorithms
- Author
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D, Deepthi, Melit Devassy, Binu, George, Sony, Nussbaum, Peter, and Tessamma, Thomas
- Subjects
Hyperspektral avbildning ,Hyperspectral imaging ,Applied Mathematics ,Informasjons- og kommunikasjonsvitenskap: 420 [VDP] ,Information and communication science: 420 [VDP] ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
Document forgeries that involve modification of the materials used, such as ink and paper, provide evidence of any malpractices being performed. Forensic specialists use different techniques to identify and classify these samples; however, the most preferred method is to use nondestructive techniques to avoid any potential damage to the original specimen under investigation. Hyperspectral imaging has already been explored in several application domains and used as a powerful method in forensic investigations to extract information about the materials under examination. To precisely classify the material information and utilize the hyperspectral imaging technique's potential, we probed the potential of some hybrid spectral similarity measures to classify different commonly used paper samples. A comparison of these methods is quantitatively presented in this article.
- Published
- 2022
18. Modeling water imbibition into coated and uncoated papers
- Author
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Ghanbarian, Behzad, Aslannejad, Hamed, Raoof, Amir, Hydrogeology, Environmental hydrogeology, Hydrogeology, and Environmental hydrogeology
- Subjects
Water relative permeability ,Materials science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Chemistry(all) ,General Chemical Engineering ,Imbibition ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Probability density function ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Filter (large eddy simulation) ,Pore scale ,Percolation theory ,Coated and uncoated papers ,Composite material ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Applied Mathematics ,Log-normal distribution ,General Chemistry ,Critical path analysis ,020801 environmental engineering ,Chemical Engineering(all) ,Porous medium ,Relative permeability ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
Modeling morphological and hydraulic properties of thin porous media, such as filter layers and papers is highly relevant to various industries. In our previous studies, the X-ray tomography and FIB-SEM methods were applied to capture micro- and nano-scale pores in uncoated paper and coated layer, respectively. Here, the reconstructed pore structures were used to investigate two-phase water imbibition in these porous media. The obtained pore size distributions showed a log-normal probability density function. Such a distribution, together with concepts from critical path analysis and percolation theory, was applied to calculate relative permeability over a wide range of water saturations. Comparison with pore-scale numerical simulations showed the capability of this method to estimate water relative permeability for coated and uncoated papers.
- Published
- 2018
19. Quantitative evaluations by infrared thermography in optically semi-transparent paper-based artefacts
- Author
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G. Caruso, N. Orazi, Ugo Zammit, Stefano Paoloni, F. Mercuri, and C. Cicero
- Subjects
Optically semi-transparent materials ,Infrared ,Computer science ,Acoustics ,Quantitative Evaluations ,02 engineering and technology ,Semi transparent ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Instrumentation ,Hidden graphic elements ,Applied Mathematics ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Settore FIS/07 ,Paper based ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Finite element method ,0104 chemical sciences ,Characterization (materials science) ,Cultural heritage artefacts ,Infrared thermography ,Thermography - Abstract
In this paper, infrared thermography is applied to the quantitative characterization of optically semi-transparent media by using a newly introduced mathematical model. The method is specifically aimed to the detection and evaluations in graphic features buried beneath the surface of some particular kind of cultural heritage artefacts, such as books and documents. A numerical approach based on the finite element method, is proposed for solving the model equations. The computed thermographic signal depends on different inspected material physical properties, which have been selectively evaluated by comparing the theoretical results with the experimental ones in specifically designed test samples. Thereafter, the model is applied to the analysis of the results obtained in the case of graphic elements buried within samples constituted by the same previously characterized materials.
- Published
- 2019
20. Micro-mechanical modeling of irreversible hygroscopic strain in paper sheets exposed to moisture cycles
- Author
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Ron H. J. Peerlings, Thierry Massart, Marc G.D. Geers, P. Samantray, Mechanics of Materials, Group Peerlings, and EAISI Foundational
- Subjects
Résistance et comportement des matériaux ,Physique de l'état condense [struct. électronique, etc.] ,Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,Plasticity ,Physique de l'état condense [struct. propr. thermiques, etc.] ,Sciences de l'ingénieur ,Technologie des autres industries ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Informatique mathématique ,Déformation, rupture matériaux ,Homogenisation ,Micro-mechanics ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Physique de l'état condense [supraconducteur] ,Shrinkage ,Curl (mathematics) ,Waviness ,Moisture ,Tension (physics) ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Hygro-mechanics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Technologie matières ligneuses ,Finite element method ,Mathématiques ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,Métallurgie et mines ,Mécanique sectorielle ,Mechanics of Materials ,Modeling and Simulation ,Fibrous network ,Representative elementary volume ,Connaissance des matériaux ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Paper is a complex material consisting of a network of cellulose fibres at the micro-level. During manufacturing, the network is dried under restraint conditions due to tension in the paper web in machine direction. This gives rise to internal strains that are stored in the produced sheet. Upon exposure to a moisture cycle, these strains may be released. This results in permanent shrinkage that may cause instabilities such as curl or waviness of the sheet. The prime objective of this paper is to model this irreversible shrinkage and to link its magnitude to the properties of the fibres and of the network. For this purpose, randomly generated fibrous networks of different coverages (i.e. ratio of the area occupied by fibres and that of the sheet) are modeled by means of a periodic representative volume element (RVE). Within such RVEs, a finite element method combined with a kinematic hardening plasticity model at the scale of the fibres is used to capture the irreversible response. The computational results obtained demonstrate that the magnitude of the irreversible strains increases with coverage until a certain coverage and beyond that coverage decreases in magnitude. This phenomenon is explained by considering the area fraction of free-standing fibre segments relative to bonded fibre segments in the network. A structure–property dependency of irreversible strains at the sheet-level on the micro-structural parameters of the network is thereby established., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2021
21. Comments on the paper 'Exact solutions of nonlinear diffusion-convection-reaction equation: A Lie symmetry approach'
- Author
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Roman Cherniha
- Subjects
Physics ,Convection ,35B06, 35K57, 35Cxx ,Numerical Analysis ,Applied Mathematics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Mathematical Physics (math-ph) ,01 natural sciences ,Chemical equation ,Symmetry (physics) ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Nonlinear system ,Classical mechanics ,Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,Modeling and Simulation ,0103 physical sciences ,FOS: Mathematics ,Nonlinear diffusion ,010306 general physics ,Mathematical Physics ,Analysis of PDEs (math.AP) - Abstract
This comment is devoted to the paper "Exact solutions of nonlinear diffusion-convection-reaction equation: A Lie symmetry approach" (CNSNS, vol. 67 (2019), 253-263) in which several results are not new because were derived much earlier. Moreover, some results in the paper are incorrect or incomplete., Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simulat
- Published
- 2021
22. Comment on the paper 'Improving Poor Man’s Kramers-Kronig analysis and Kramers-Kronig constrained variational analysis'
- Author
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Jean-Louis Bantignies, Emmanuel Rousseau, Nicolas Izard, Didier Felbacq, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics] ,Kramers–Kronig relations ,Analytical expressions ,Chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,Function (mathematics) ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Symmetry (physics) ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Applied mathematics ,Variational analysis ,0210 nano-technology ,Instrumentation ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
International audience; We clarify some analytical expressions existing in the literature, • Within the correct formulae we conclude that there is no need for an ad hoc improvement on the opposite to the title paper, • We highlight the symmetry properties of the function to be integrated in order to agree with the usual assumptions made to derive the Kramers-Kronig relations, • The analytical formula we provide may be used to increase the accuracy of the "Poor Man's Kramers-Kronig analysis" method and the "Kramers-Kronig constrained variational analysis" method.
- Published
- 2021
23. COAP 2019 Best Paper Prize: Paper of S. Gratton, C. W. Royer, L. N. Vicente, and Z. Zhang.
- Subjects
APPLIED mathematics ,ALGORITHMS ,SCIENTIFIC computing ,PRIZES (Contests & competitions) ,ALGORITHMIC randomness - Abstract
Each year, the editorial board of Computational Optimization and Applications selects a paper from the preceding year's publications for the Best Paper Award. This derivative-free algorithm relies on randomly generated directions and is analyzed from a probabilistic viewpoint, leading to complexity guarantees for both deterministic and probabilistic versions of the method. First, following recent developments in nonconvex optimization, complexity results have become increasingly popular in derivative-free optimization [[8]]. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Development of wrapping paper with improved opacity, strength, and whiteness
- Author
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Kostiantyn Mostyka, Leonid Koptiukh, and Victor Osyka
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Engineering ,Engineering drawing ,Opacity ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,law.invention ,law ,010608 biotechnology ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,упаковка ,пищевые продукты ,свойства товаров ,поливиниловый спирт ,диоксид титана ,волокна целлюлозы ,формирование бумаги ,каолин ,четкость печати ,UDC 676.248 ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,wrapping ,food products ,product properties ,polyvinyl alcohol ,titanium dioxide ,cellulose fibers ,paper formation ,kaolin ,print sharpness ,Polymer science ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,упакування ,харчові продукти ,властивості товарів ,полівініловий спирт ,діоксид титану ,волокна целюлози ,формування паперу ,каолін ,чіткість друку ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Gift wrapping ,Computer Science Applications ,Cellulose fiber ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Food products ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Разработан способ производства упаковочной бумаги повышенной непрозрачности, белизны и прочности. Он заключается в изготовлении бумаги из волокон сульфатной беленой целлюлозы из хвойной и лиственной древесины с добавлением тонкоизмельченных волокон целлюлозы, диоксида титана и поливинилового спирта. Это позволяет повысить разрывную длину бумаги, белизну, непрозрачность, цветовосприятие и устойчивость печати, снизить линейную деформацию бумаги, The study presents results of the design of a paper wrapping material, which simultaneously possesses high functional (strength and opacity), aesthetic (whiteness), and technological properties (color acceptance and print sharpness). The latter is a particularly important element in the marketing strategy of food manufacturers because it enables creation of the packaging that is attractive to consumer and thus may increase sales.According to results of the conducted study, it was found that the set of proposed activities could increase discontinuous paper length to over than 5000 m and opacity to 92 %, while the linear deformation is reduced by 2–2.5 times in comparison with the analogue. The introduction of titanium dioxide as a filler to the paper pulp provides a whiteness level of 88 %. The use of polyvinyl alcohol fiber enhances color acceptance and print stability. This is due to the creation of resistance to the plucking of fibers and particles of the filler by paint during printing and friction. The results are confirmed by the uniform mass indicators per 1 m2 and humidity in 8 points.It is advisable to use results of the study performed in the production of wrapping paper, as well as when selecting packing material for one or another food product, which is especially important at present – in the context of European integration and production of goods that meet international standards, Розроблено спосіб виробництва пакувального паперу підвищеної непрозорості, білості та міцності. Він полягає у виготовленні паперу з волокон сульфатної біленої целюлози з хвойної і листяної деревини з додаванням тонкоподрібнених волокон целюлози, діоксиду титану і полівінілового спирту. Це дозволяє підвищити розривну довжину паперу, білість, непрозорість, фарбосприйняття та стійкість друку, знизити лінійну деформацію пеперу
- Published
- 2017
25. Foreword: Selected papers from the 22nd International Symposium on Fundamentals of Computation Theory (FCT 2019)
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Christos Levcopoulos, Leszek Gasieniec, and Jesper Jansson
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Engineering ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Computer Networks and Communications ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Theory of computation ,Calculus ,business ,Theoretical Computer Science - Published
- 2021
26. Social and content aware One-Class recommendation of papers in scientific social networks.
- Author
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Wang, Gang, He, XiRan, and Ishuga, Carolyne Isigi
- Subjects
INFORMATION technology ,SOCIAL networks ,SPARSE graphs ,HYBRID computers (Computer architecture) ,HYBRID power systems - Abstract
With the rapid development of information technology, scientific social networks (SSNs) have become the fastest and most convenient way for researchers to communicate with each other. Many published papers are shared via SSNs every day, resulting in the problem of information overload. How to appropriately recommend personalized and highly valuable papers for researchers is becoming more urgent. However, when recommending papers in SSNs, only a small amount of positive instances are available, leaving a vast amount of unlabelled data, in which negative instances and potential unseen positive instances are mixed together, which naturally belongs to One-Class Collaborative Filtering (OCCF) problem. Therefore, considering the extreme data imbalance and data sparsity of this OCCF problem, a hybrid approach of Social and Content aware One-class Recommendation of Papers in SSNs, termed SCORP, is proposed in this study. Unlike previous approaches recommended to address the OCCF problem, social information, which has been proved playing a significant role in performing recommendations in many domains, is applied in both the profiling of content-based filtering and the collaborative filtering to achieve superior recommendations. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed SCORP approach, a real-life dataset from CiteULike was employed. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is superior to all of the compared approaches, thus providing a more effective method for recommending papers in SSNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Discussion paper
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Sachin Shivakumar, Seip Weiland, Matthew M. Peet, and Amritam Das
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Computer science ,MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS ,Stability (learning theory) ,02 engineering and technology ,PDE ,Dirichlet distribution ,symbols.namesake ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Distributed parameter system ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Applied mathematics ,Boundary value problem ,LMI ,MATLAB ,Representation (mathematics) ,computer.programming_language ,Class (computer programming) ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Parabola ,Distributed Parameter Systems ,State (functional analysis) ,Convex ,Hyperbolic systems ,Control and Systems Engineering ,symbols ,computer - Abstract
We present a computational framework for stability analysis of systems of coupled linear Partial-Differential Equations (PDEs). The class of PDE systems considered in this paper includes parabolic, elliptic and hyperbolic systems with Dirichlet, Neuman and mixed boundary conditions. The results in this paper apply to systems with a single spatial variable. We exploit a new concept of state for PDE systems which allows us to include the boundary conditions directly in the dynamics of the PDE. The resulting algorithms are implemented in Matlab, tested on several motivating and illustrative examples, and the codes have been posted online. Numerical testing indicates the approach has little or no conservatism for a large class of systems and can analyze systems of up to 20 coupled PDEs.
- Published
- 2019
28. Ergodic Fading MIMO Dirty Paper and Broadcast Channels: Capacity Bounds and Lattice Strategies
- Author
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Ahmed Hindy and Aria Nosratinia
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer science ,Applied Mathematics ,Information Theory (cs.IT) ,Computer Science - Information Theory ,MIMO ,Transmitter ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,020302 automobile design & engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY ,Topology ,Computer Science Applications ,Superposition principle ,0203 mechanical engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Fading ,Dirty paper coding ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Decoding methods ,Rayleigh fading ,Communication channel ,Computer Science::Information Theory - Abstract
A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) version of the dirty paper channel is studied, where the channel input and the dirt experience the same fading process and the fading channel state is known at the receiver (CSIR). This represents settings where signal and interference sources are co-located, such as in the broadcast channel. First, a variant of Costa's dirty paper coding (DPC) is presented, whose achievable rates are within a constant gap to capacity for all signal and dirt powers. Additionally, a lattice coding and decoding scheme is proposed, whose decision regions are independent of the channel realizations. Under Rayleigh fading, the gap to capacity of the lattice coding scheme vanishes with the number of receive antennas, even at finite Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Thus, although the capacity of the fading dirty paper channel remains unknown, this work shows it is not far from its dirt-free counterpart. The insights from the dirty paper channel directly lead to transmission strategies for the two-user MIMO broadcast channel (BC), where the transmitter emits a superposition of desired and undesired (dirt) signals with respect to each receiver. The performance of the lattice coding scheme is analyzed under different fading dynamics for the two users, showing that high-dimensional lattices achieve rates close to capacity., Accepted in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
- Published
- 2017
29. Constructing a rhombus through paper folding
- Author
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Asuman Duatepe-Paksu
- Subjects
construction ,Class (computer programming) ,Theoretical computer science ,Computer science ,Applied Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Rhombus ,Paper folding ,Folding (DSP implementation) ,classroom activity ,01 natural sciences ,Education ,conceptual understanding ,Mathematics (miscellaneous) ,Concept learning ,rhombus ,0101 mathematics ,Mathematics instruction ,0503 education - Abstract
This paper presents an example of how paper folding can be used in a geometry class to support conceptual understanding. Specifically, it explains an activity that constructs a rhombus and explores its attributes by using paper folding. The steps of constructing a rhombus are described and some discussion questions are given to consolidate understanding. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
- Published
- 2017
30. Gender As The Missing Component In The Turkish Climate Change Policies And Academic Papers | İklim Değişikliği Politikalarının ve Akademik Makalelerin Toplumsal Cinsiyet Perspektifi Açısından Sorgulanması
- Author
-
Rakibe Külcür
- Subjects
Social ,Applied Mathematics ,Political science ,Climate Change,Gender,Turkey,Environmental Policies,Gender Mainstreaming ,İklim Değişikliği,Toplumsal cinsiyet,Türkiye,Çevre Politikaları,Ana-Akımlaştırma ,Sosyal - Abstract
Türkiye hassas bir iklim kuşağında olduğu için iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkilerine maruzdur. İklim değişikliğinin etkileri toplumsal cinsiyet ekseninde farklıdır. Bu farklı etkiler, güney yarım küre ülkeleri diye de adlandırılan ekonomik açıdan gelişmemiş ülkelerde yeterince araştırılmış ve genelde kuzey yarım kürede bulunan gelişmiş ülkelerde araştırılmaya başlanmış olmasına rağmen, Türkiye‘de hem ulusal iklim değişikliği politikalarında hem de akademik çalışmalarda ihmal edilmektedir. Bu makale, bu eksikliği ortaya çıkarmayı ve araştırmayı ve iklim değişikliğinin toplumsal cinsiyet eksenindeki farklı etkilerini aydınlatmayı ve böylece ilgili politikalara yön vermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bunun için, akademik makaleleri kapsayan sistematik literatür taraması yapılarak ayrıca ulusal iklim değişikliği politika belgeleri ve karar alma mekanizmaları analiz edildi. Toplumsal cinsiyet analizlerinin iklim değişikliği politikalarında ve araştırmalarında ihmal edilmesi, ülkenin iklim değişikliğine uyum ve etkilerinin azaltılması politikalarının gücünü azaltmaktadır, çünkü iklim değişikliği toplumsal cinsiyet farklarını ağırlaştırabilir. Ayrıca bu ihmal, Türkiye‘nin uluslararası iklim değişikliği politikalarında konumunu ve Avrupa Birliği ile uyumunu da zayıflatabilir., Turkey is extremely vulnerable to the adverse consequences of climate change due to its location. The effects of climate change are not gender neutral and women are more vulnerable than men to adverse effects of climate change. Although the implications of gender in relation to climate change has been extensively researched in the Global South and has started to emerge in the Global North, gender dimensions and analysis of climate change is absent from public policy discussions and academic papers in Turkey. This paper has a dual aim of revealing the gender invisibility with regard to climate change in academic literature and in the national climate change policies in Turkey as well as of increasing the academic understanding of gender dimensions of climate change to inform the public policy in the country. To this end, a combination of broad systematic literature review and document analysis method were used. In addition, decision-making bodies were analysed. I argue that the absence of critical gender analysis in policy and research in relation to climate change reduces the country’s ability to develop adequate adaptation and mitigation strategies since the impacts of climate change can exacerbate existing inequalities with regard to gender. This failure may weaken Turkey’s positions in the international climate change politics and the harmonisation with the European Union.
- Published
- 2020
31. Design of Paper-Based Visual Analogue Scale Items
- Author
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Klemens Weigl and Thomas Forstner
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Point (typography) ,Visual analogue scale ,Applied Mathematics ,Psychological research ,Sample (material) ,Applied psychology ,computer.software_genre ,Desktop publishing ,Popularity ,Article ,Education ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Psychology ,computer ,Research question ,Applied Psychology ,Digitization - Abstract
Paper-based visual analogue scale (VAS) items were developed 100 years ago. Although they gained great popularity in clinical and medical research for assessing pain, they have been scarcely applied in other areas of psychological research for several decades. However, since the beginning of digitization, VAS have attracted growing interest among researchers for carrying out computerized and paper-based data assessments. In the present study, we investigated the research question “Which different design characteristics of paper-based VAS items are preferred by women and men?” Based on a sample of 115 participants (68 female), our results revealed that the respondents preferred a paper-based VAS item with a horizontal, 8-cm long, 3 DTP (“desktop publishing point”) wide, black line, with flat line endpoints, and the ascending numerical anchors “0” and “10”, both for women and men. Although we did not identify any gender difference in these characteristics, our findings uncovered clear preferences on how to design paper-based VAS items.
- Published
- 2020
32. On the role of moisture in triggering out-of-plane displacement in paper: from the network level to the macroscopic scale
- Author
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C.G. van der Sman, Marc G.D. Geers, B.A.G. Lomans, Ron H. J. Peerlings, E. Bosco, Applied Mechanics and Design, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, and Group Geers
- Subjects
Paper ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Materials science ,Bending (metalworking) ,Constitutive equation ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Instability ,0203 mechanical engineering ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Anisotropy ,Multi-scale ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Deformation (mechanics) ,Moisture ,Buckling ,Applied Mathematics ,Mechanical Engineering ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,Hygro-mechanics ,Mechanics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,Out-of-plane bending ,Mechanics of Materials ,Macroscopic scale ,Modeling and Simulation ,Fibrous network ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The response of paper to humidity variations is a complex, inherently multi-scale problem. The hygroscopic swelling of individual fibres and their interactions within the fibrous network govern the macroscopic, sheet-level response. At this scale, moisture induced instabilities and out-of-plane deformations may occur, which are critical for a number of industrial applications. This work specifically focuses on several aspects of this important issue. A macroscopic phenomenological hygro-mechanical model is first proposed, which aims at predicting moisture induced out-of-plane deformations in paper sheets. The constitutive model is based on the relation between these deformations and typical irreversible phenomena associated to the history of paper manufacturing, i.e. the release of dried-in strains. The model is used to describe bending induced by moisture gradients through the thickness of the sheet as well as buckling due to moisture variation in the presence of mechanical constraints. The results of the model show that the anisotropic sheet-level hygro-expansion has a strong influence on the instability phenomena. Moreover, a comparison with experiments provides adequate semi-quantitative estimates. An additional step is made towards the multi-scale understanding of paper hygro-mechanics. The fundamental physical mechanisms governing the macroscopic moisture induced response are investigated on the basis of the underlying fibrous network. To this aim, a meso-structural model is developed which consists of a network of fibres randomly positioned in a planar region according to an orientation probability density function. A series of network simulations reveals that upon moisture content variations the expansion of the inter-fibre bonding regions essentially drives the overall deformation. Particularly in the case of anisotropic fibre orientation, this explains the origin of the macro-scale anisotropic hygro-expansion, which is essential for the observed sheet-level instability phenomena.
- Published
- 2016
33. Rock-paper-scissors dynamics from random walks on temporal multiplex networks
- Author
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Renaud Lambiotte, Jean-Charles Delvenne, Sibo Cheng, and Martin Gueuning
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,Control and Optimization ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,Applied Mathematics ,Dynamics (mechanics) ,Management Science and Operations Research ,Random walk ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Computational Mathematics ,0103 physical sciences ,Multiplex ,Statistical physics ,010306 general physics ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
We study diffusion on a multiplex network where the contact dynamics between the nodes is governed by a random process and where the waiting-time distribution differs for edges from different layers. We study the impact on a random walk of the competition that naturally emerges between the edges of the different layers. In opposition to previous studies, which have imposed a priori inter-layer competition, the competition is here induced by the heterogeneity of the activity on the different layers. We first study the precedence relation between different edges and by extension between different layers, and show that it determines biased paths for the walker. We also discuss the emergence of cyclic, rock–paper–scissors effects on random walks, when the precedence between layers is non-transitive. Finally, we numerically show the slowing-down effect due to the competition on a multiplex network with heterogeneous layers activity as the walker is likely to be trapped for a longer time either on a single layer, or on an oriented cycle.
- Published
- 2021
34. Learning regularization parameters of inverse problems via deep neural networks:Paper
- Author
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Julianne Chung, Matthias Chung, and Babak Maboudi Afkham
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Bilevel optimization ,010103 numerical & computational mathematics ,01 natural sciences ,Regularization (mathematics) ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Machine Learning (cs.LG) ,Bayes' theorem ,Design objective ,Deep neural networks ,Regularization ,FOS: Mathematics ,Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,0101 mathematics ,Representation (mathematics) ,Mathematical Physics ,Mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,Supervised learning ,Deep learning ,Numerical Analysis (math.NA) ,Inverse problem ,Computer Science Applications ,010101 applied mathematics ,Optimal experimental design ,Signal Processing ,Minification ,Algorithm ,Hyperparameter selection - Abstract
In this work, we describe a new approach that uses deep neural networks (DNN) to obtain regularization parameters for solving inverse problems. We consider a supervised learning approach, where a network is trained to approximate the mapping from observation data to regularization parameters. Once the network is trained, regularization parameters for newly obtained data can be computed by efficient forward propagation of the DNN. We show that a wide variety of regularization functionals, forward models, and noise models may be considered. The network-obtained regularization parameters can be computed more efficiently and may even lead to more accurate solutions compared to existing regularization parameter selection methods. We emphasize that the key advantage of using DNNs for learning regularization parameters, compared to previous works on learning via optimal experimental design or empirical Bayes risk minimization, is greater generalizability. That is, rather than computing one set of parameters that is optimal with respect to one particular design objective, DNN-computed regularization parameters are tailored to the specific features or properties of the newly observed data. Thus, our approach may better handle cases where the observation is not a close representation of the training set. Furthermore, we avoid the need for expensive and challenging bilevel optimization methods as utilized in other existing training approaches. Numerical results demonstrate the potential of using DNNs to learn regularization parameters., 27 pages, 16 figures
- Published
- 2021
35. Numerical Solution of Differential and Differential–Algebraic Equations. Selected Papers from NUMDIFF-15
- Author
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Jens Lang, Jason Frank, Helmut Podhaisky, Elena Celledoni, Rüdiger Weiner, and Martin Arnold
- Subjects
Computational Mathematics ,Applied Mathematics ,Applied mathematics ,Differential algebraic equation ,Differential (mathematics) ,Mathematics - Published
- 2021
36. Quantifying the impact of scholarly papers based on higher-order weighted citations.
- Author
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Bai, Xiaomei, Zhang, Fuli, Hou, Jie, Lee, Ivan, Kong, Xiangjie, Tolba, Amr, and Xia, Feng
- Subjects
CITATION analysis ,SCHOLARLY publishing ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,SIMULATION methods & models ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
Quantifying the impact of a scholarly paper is of great significance, yet the effect of geographical distance of cited papers has not been explored. In this paper, we examine 30,596 papers published in Physical Review C, and identify the relationship between citations and geographical distances between author affiliations. Subsequently, a relative citation weight is applied to assess the impact of a scholarly paper. A higher-order weighted quantum PageRank algorithm is also developed to address the behavior of multiple step citation flow. Capturing the citation dynamics with higher-order dependencies reveals the actual impact of papers, including necessary self-citations that are sometimes excluded in prior studies. Quantum PageRank is utilized in this paper to help differentiating nodes whose PageRank values are identical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Errata to the paper: ADVENTURES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
- Author
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PEKERIS, C. L.
- Published
- 1972
38. Further erratum to the paper: ADVENTURES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
- Author
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PEKERIS, C. L.
- Published
- 1973
39. Errata to the paper: A NOTE ON DIPOLAR INERTIA
- Author
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GREEN, A. E. and NAGHDI, P. M.
- Published
- 1971
40. The Influence of Mobility Rate on Spiral Waves in Spatial Rock-Paper-Scissors Games
- Author
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Mauro Mobilia, Alastair M. Rucklidge, and Bartosz Szczesny
- Subjects
Statistics and Probability ,Rock-Paper-Scissors ,cyclic dominance ,pattern formation ,spiral waves ,diffusion ,phase diagram ,individual-based modelling ,stochastic lattice simulations ,complex Ginzburg-Landau equation ,Physics - Physics and Society ,Population ,Pattern formation ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Metapopulation ,Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS) ,Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) ,Finite range ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Technology ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,Convective instability ,Lattice (order) ,0103 physical sciences ,ddc:330 ,Statistical physics ,010306 general physics ,education ,Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution ,Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics ,Physics ,education.field_of_study ,Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) ,lcsh:T ,Applied Mathematics ,Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE) ,Breakup ,Low mobility ,Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons ,lcsh:H ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty - Abstract
We consider a two-dimensional model of three species in rock-paper-scissors competition and study the self-organisation of the population into fascinating spiraling patterns. Within our individual-based metapopulation formulation, the population composition changes due to cyclic dominance (dominance-removal and dominance-replacement), mutations, and pair-exchange of neighboring individuals. Here, we study the influence of mobility on the emerging patterns and investigate when the pair-exchange rate is responsible for spiral waves to become elusive in stochastic lattice simulations. In particular, we show that the spiral waves predicted by the system's deterministic partial equations are found in lattice simulations only within a finite range of the mobility rate. We also report that in the absence of mutations and dominance-replacement, the resulting spiraling patterns are subject to convective instability and far-field breakup at low mobility rate. Possible applications of these resolution and far-field breakup phenomena are discussed., Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures; published in Games
- Published
- 2016
41. Use of modelling and simulation in the pulp and paper industry
- Author
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Jussi Manninen, Erik Dahlquist, Angeles Blanco, Carlos Negro, Risto Ritala, and Johannes Kappen
- Subjects
Engineering ,Pulping ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,Papermaking ,Pulp and paper industry ,Modelling ,Computer Science Applications ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Modeling and Simulation ,business ,Software ,Paper manufacturing ,Simulation - Abstract
In pulp and paper the modelling and simulation of the pulp production processes was the first major application. Since then several other applications have been realised though papermaking has never been on the lead concerning the use of computer-based modelling and simulation. The complex nature of the materials is one of the most demanding challenges and the biggest hurdle for any electronic description of the papermaking process or paper itself. So other industries took the lead and it is now for the paper industry to learn from these industries what can be done with the help of computers to control or optimise processes or to design new grades.The application of results gained with the use of modelling and simulation techniques in pulp and paper manufacturing processes has helped the industry to, for example, reduce emissions and increase the productivity and cost-efficiency of the processes. Still there are many important tasks open. A better understanding of the mechanisms of the processes and their control loops has to be achieved in order to further improve the paper quality, stabilise the wet-end chemistry, and enhance the runnability. Important features to be developed are new process designs, efficient process monitoring and systems that offer decision support during operation.In this paper a review of the state of the art on modelling and simulation in the pulp and paper industry is presented as well as further research needs.
- Published
- 2009
42. Physics driven behavioural clustering of free-falling paper shapes.
- Author
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Howison, Toby, Hughes, Josie, Giardina, Fabio, and Iida, Fumiya
- Subjects
- *
PHYSICS , *SET functions , *MACHINE learning , *PHENOMENOLOGICAL theory (Physics) , *CONTINUUM mechanics - Abstract
Many complex physical systems exhibit a rich variety of discrete behavioural modes. Often, the system complexity limits the applicability of standard modelling tools. Hence, understanding the underlying physics of different behaviours and distinguishing between them is challenging. Although traditional machine learning techniques could predict and classify behaviour well, typically they do not provide any meaningful insight into the underlying physics of the system. In this paper we present a novel method for extracting physically meaningful clusters of discrete behaviour from limited experimental observations. This method obtains a set of physically plausible functions that both facilitate behavioural clustering and aid in system understanding. We demonstrate the approach on the V-shaped falling paper system, a new falling paper type system that exhibits four distinct behavioural modes depending on a few morphological parameters. Using just 49 experimental observations, the method discovered a set of candidate functions that distinguish behaviours with an error of 2.04%, while also aiding insight into the physical phenomena driving each behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Kinetic approach to the collective dynamics of the rock-paper-scissors binary game
- Author
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Francesco Salvarani, Nastassia Pouradier Duteil, Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Modelling and Analysis for Medical and Biological Applications (MAMBA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Dipartimento di matematica F. Casorati, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Pôle Universitaire Léonard de Vinci (PULV), Work supported by the ANR projects Kimega (ANR-14-ACHN-0030-01, MFG ANR-16-CE40-0015-01) and by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (Dipartimenti di Eccellenzaprogram 2018-2022, Dipartimento di Matematica ’F. Casorati’, Universita degli Studi di Pavia)., ANR-14-ACHN-0030,Kimega,Modélisation cinétique de jeux à champs moyen(2014), ANR-16-CE40-0015,MFG,Jeux Champs Moyen(2016), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Università degli Studi di Pavia, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università di Pavia
- Subjects
Domain of a function ,0209 industrial biotechnology ,Variables ,Applied Mathematics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Binary number ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Rigorous proof ,02 engineering and technology ,16. Peace & justice ,Kinetic energy ,Computational Mathematics ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Compact space ,Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,FOS: Mathematics ,Applied mathematics ,[MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP] ,Uniqueness ,Collective dynamics ,media_common ,Mathematics ,Analysis of PDEs (math.AP) - Abstract
International audience; This article studies the kinetic dynamics of the rock-paper-scissors binary game. We first prove existence and uniqueness of the solution of the kinetic equation and subsequently we prove the rigorous derivation of the quasi-invariant limit for two meaningful choices of the domain of definition of the independent variables. We notice that the domain of definition of the problem plays a crucial role and heavily influences the behavior of the solution. The rigorous proof of the relaxation limit does not need the use of entropy estimates for ensuring compactness.
- Published
- 2020
44. Some comments on Chen Xu, Mengmei XI, Xuejun wang and Hao Xia’s paper 'LR convergence for weighted sums of extended negatively dependent random variables'
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da Silva, João Lita, DM - Departamento de Matemática, and GeoBioTec - Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias
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Mathematics(all) ,Applied Mathematics ,Extended negatively dependent random variables ,Convergence in probability - Abstract
This work is a contribution to the Project UIDB/04035/2020, funded by FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal. In this short note, we show that an assertion presented in the main result of Chen Xu, Mengmei Xi, Xuejun Wang and Hao Xia’s paper, “Lr convergence for weighted sums of extended negatively dependent random variables”, is false. A reformulation of this statement is announced making it valid. publishersversion published
- Published
- 2020
45. Relation between optical non-contact profilometry and AFM roughness parameters on coated papers with oil-filled nanoparticles
- Author
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Pieter Samyn, Jurgen Van Erps, Hugo Thienpont, Faculty of Engineering, Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team
- Subjects
Length scale ,Materials science ,Extrapolation ,scales ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Surface finish ,PIGMENT COATINGS ,engineering.material ,SURFACE-ROUGHNESS ,01 natural sciences ,010309 optics ,Coating ,Transition point ,0103 physical sciences ,Surface roughness ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Composite material ,Instrumentation ,Nanoscopic scale ,BASE PAPER ,Applied Mathematics ,PRINT GLOSS ,Dispersion ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,quality ,engineering ,microscopy ,Profilometer ,MICROSTRUCTURE ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
In parallel with the development of nanoparticle coatings for protection of paper substrates, detailed descriptions of the surface topography with micro-to nanoscale roughness features are needed. In this work, papers have been coated with poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) nanoparticles including different types of vegetable oils and the surface roughness was evaluated at 2000 x 2000 mu m(2) to 0.2 x 0.2 mu m(2) length scales by combining non-contact optical profilometry (NCP) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The relationships between roughness data were studied for statistical roughness parameters, spatial roughness parameters and in the frequency domain. In order to compare AFM roughness more accurately, the original images were flattened to remove effects of the underlaying fibrous substrate and highlight features of the nanoparticle coating. More detailed information on the coating topography could be obtained by considering bearing ratio curves and histograms, where it was concluded that the oil-filledcoatings form a rather thin and continuous coating that closely follows the shape of the cellulose fibers. The relation between statistical roughness parameters from NCP and AFM follows an exponential trend with relatively low coefficient of determination. The increase in surface roughness with length scale showed a transition point attributed to short-and long-range surface features. Therefore, the correlation length was used as a spatial roughness parameter that provides a successful extrapolation of the average roughness over different length scales in a double logarithmic diagram with very high coefficient of determination. Based on the power spectral density, it was difficult to exactly distinguish between the different types of SMI/oil coatings, as they include similar nanoscale features. The frequency roughness parameters were better suited for extrapolation than statistical roughness parameters but little less efficient than the spatial roughness parameters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2016
46. A comment about the paper On the instability of elliptic traveling wave solutions of the modified Camassa-Holm equation
- Author
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Fábio Natali and Renan H. Martins
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Camassa–Holm equation ,Applied Mathematics ,010102 general mathematics ,Mathematical analysis ,Orbital stability ,Space (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,Instability ,010101 applied mathematics ,Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs ,Traveling wave ,0101 mathematics ,Analysis ,Energy (signal processing) ,Mathematics - Abstract
We discuss the recent paper by A. Dar\'os and L.K. Arruda (On the instability of elliptic traveling wave solutions of the modified Camassa-Holm equation, J. Diff. Equat., 266 (2019), 1946-1968). Our intention is to correct some imperfections left by the authors and present the orbital stability of periodic snoidal waves in the energy space., Comment: 10 pages and 2 figures
- Published
- 2019
47. Elasto-plastic approach for paper cockling phenomenon
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Jari Hämäläinen, Jarmo Kouko, P. Lipponen, and Teemu Leppänen
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Materials science ,elastoplasticity ,Mechanical Engineering ,Applied Mathematics ,paper ,Elasto plastic ,Mechanics ,finite element analysis ,Orthotropic material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,cockling ,Finite element method ,moisture gradient ,non-homogenous material ,Materials Science(all) ,Mechanics of Materials ,finite element ,Modeling and Simulation ,Modelling and Simulation ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Water content ,Moisture gradient - Abstract
Cockling of paper is a common problem occurring in the production, storage and end-use of paper. It is usually induced by a moisture content change. In many cases, cockling is an irreversible phenomenon; i.e. the initial shape is not obtained although the initial moisture content is restored. This kind of moisture content change occurs in copying machines and in the printing process, for example. In this paper, we present a continuum mechanical model, which is used to study the irreversible cockling of paper. In the model, paper is treated as an orthotropic elasto-plastic material and the model takes into account the small-scale variation of fibre orientation. The model is used to show the importance of the through-thickness moisture gradient on the cockling phenomenon during a cyclic moisture content change. The results suggest that the moisture gradient is a crucial factor for the irreversible cockling.
- Published
- 2008
48. Conference paper
- Author
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Shangzhe Wu, Andrea Vedaldi, and Christian Rupprecht
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Symmetric structure ,Exploit ,Computer science ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,02 engineering and technology ,Iterative reconstruction ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Facial recognition system ,Image (mathematics) ,Artificial Intelligence ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Computer vision ,Pose ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,020207 software engineering ,Object (computer science) ,Autoencoder ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Unsupervised learning ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,Symmetry (geometry) ,business ,Software - Abstract
We propose a method to learn 3D deformable object categories from raw single-view images, without external supervision. The method is based on an autoencoder that factors each input image into depth, albedo, viewpoint and illumination. In order to disentangle these components without supervision, we use the fact that many object categories have, at least in principle, a symmetric structure. We show that reasoning about illumination allows us to exploit the underlying object symmetry even if the appearance is not symmetric due to shading. Furthermore, we model objects that are probably, but not certainly, symmetric by predicting a symmetry probability map, learned end-to-end with the other components of the model. Our experiments show that this method can recover very accurately the 3D shape of human faces, cat faces and cars from single-view images, without any supervision or a prior shape model. On benchmarks, we demonstrate superior accuracy compared to another method that uses supervision at the level of 2D image correspondences., CVPR 2020 Oral. Project page: https://elliottwu.com/projects/unsup3d/
- Published
- 2020
49. A Review of Recent Trends and Challenges in Computational Modeling of Paper and Paperboard at Different Scales
- Author
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Jaan-Willem Simon
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Paperboard ,Computer science ,Applied Mathematics ,Scale (chemistry) ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial engineering ,Computer Science Applications ,ddc:690 ,010608 biotechnology ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Archives of computational methods in engineering (2020). doi:10.1007/s11831-020-09460-y, Published by Springer, Dordrecht [u.a.] ; Berlin ; Heidelberg
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. COAP 2021 Best Paper Prize.
- Author
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Kanzow, Christian and Lechner, Theresa
- Subjects
QUASI-Newton methods ,NEWTON-Raphson method ,APPLIED mathematics ,NONSMOOTH optimization ,CONSTRAINED optimization ,HILBERT space - Abstract
Since the proximal gradient method reduces to the standard steepest descent method for the particular case where HT ht , the rate-of-convergence is typically slow (sublinear). In principle, the proximal gradient method has the major advantage that the subproblems (1) can be solved very efficiently (even analytically) for some practically important proximal functions HT ht . The classical proximal gradient method corresponds to the choice HT ht for all I k i with some (penalty or line search parameter) HT ht , whereas HT ht leads to the proximal Newton method, and HT ht with a (limited memory) quasi-Newton approximation of the Hessian is naturally called a (limited memory) proximal quasi-Newton method. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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