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The 2019 WACEM and academic college of emergency experts india position paper on developing the academic department of space medicine in India - The time has come! The Prime Minister of India in August 2019 announced that India will send astronauts into the space by 2022 in its indigenous spacecraft "Gaganyaan" and also that India will have its own Space Station by 2030.[[1]],[[2]] Ever since Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) built its first satellite Aryabhatta in 1975, ISRO has come a long way and has successfully sent Chandrayaan-1 and Mangalyaan to the Lunar and Mars orbits, respectively. Success of India's human mission in the space depends heavily on a legitimate SM research powered by an Academic Department of SM. [Extracted from the article]

India's cooperation with International Space faring nations has a long legacy of cooperation. As India moves towards realizing its space aspirations, its co-operation for outreach and capacity building with international partners will increase. This cooperation is reflected in all spheres of national development, security and space exploration of both the primary as well as partnering nation. Policy considerations and directives acts as a key to define the future course of action for such cooperation. The paper attempts to present parameters for evaluating policy options of India's international space cooperation with an example of India-Israel space cooperation. The paper uses fuzzy logic modeling for scoring parametric valuation for pursuing cooperation. This valuation can assist in making feasibility analysis for a collaborative mission or project with a partnering nation. These parameters include the erstwhile and ongoing collaborations and cooperation, economics of the collaborative project, security considerations, technical considerations & space ambitions. The output delivers aggregated value for 'checks and balance' derivatives for informed decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is one of the top space-faring nations in the world, which not only to build satellites and launches them using indigenously developed launch vehicles but also spearheads the use of space technology for many applications at the national and international level. Training, education and capacity building (TECB) are important components in promoting the use of space technology, thereby benefitting the society. North Eastern Space Applications Centre (NESAC) is one of many institutions under the umbrella of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Department of Space (DOS) which is responsible for promoting TECB at National level. ISRO / DOS also supports TECB at an International level through many initiatives such as IIRS – ITC JEP, UN-CSSTEAP, CEOS, UNSPIDER, UN-FAO, WMO, Commonwealth, and BIMSTEC etc. NESAC established in 2000, initiated capacity building and spearheaded Outreach programs from 2019 in the North East Region of India. Prime Minister of India announced in the plenary meeting of BIMSTEC(Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) Summit at Kathmandu, Nepal in August 2018, recognizing NESAC to conduct space technology training programs of two weeks and 3 months for BIMSTEC Countries every year for the next five years with full financial support from Government of India. The first two week training program on "capacity building on the earth observation applications and research" was successfully conducted for 24 participants, four participants each representing Bangladesh, Bhutan, Thailand, Myanmar, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. The participants are from User Departments, Science and Technology Ministries, Space Organizations and Academia and Research Institutions. The training benefitted the participants from state of the art training facilities and experienced faculties from NESAC/ISRO/Academia from across India. The summary of feedback from the participants (excellent – 57%, good – 40%, average – 2.6% and poor – 0.4%) indicates that the course is very much useful as it has enhanced their knowledge in earth observation, geospatial analysis capabilities that will be put into use on their return. The training and capacity building has opened new vistas of cooperation and possible collaboration between BIMSTEC countries ranging from availing satellite data, expansion and access to data sharing portals, creating knowledge network to promote young researchers and expert sharing within the region, further to expand the capacity building by initiating distance learning programs, taking up joint research and application projects, etc. The rich experience of conducting a unique program, one of its kind and detailed feedback and possible expansion of BIMSTEC programs in the future is presented in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For any nation-state, multiple agencies are drawn in to guard their maritime interests, and technology plays a crucial role towards guarding such interests. This paper debates the significance of space technologies for the maritime domain in general and navies in particular. It identifies specific space technologies of relevance for improving ship movement and weapons delivery performance. Lastly, the paper also takes a macro view about investments made by India in space technologies for the purposes of their maritime requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced support for a human spaceflight program during his 2018 Independence Day speech. The target year of 2022 is when India plans to realize its first indigenous human space mission. Human spaceflight is a high risk activity and in many ways unaffordable for a developing country. Moreover, India professes that space technology is best utilized for aiding socioeconomic development and not as a tool in geopolitical competition and prestige. By assessing relevant developments, this paper argues that a variety of concerns and ambitions compelled India to consider a human space mission. The main actors are India's political and scientific leaders who found support for such a mission in response to China and international prestige factors. Indian political leaders also saw an opportunity for improving their domestic political image. Further, the Indian Space Research Organization views human space missions as providing a new raison d'etre to the organization and helping it retain a skilled workforce amidst industrialization of satellite and launch vehicle development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the basic philosophy behind India's space strategy based on ideological, sociological, political, economic, geostrategic and legal constructs. The paper uses the metaphor of “deconstruction” made famous by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida's (1930–2004) to understand various transitions (if any) in India's space policy over the years and the philosophy behind them. The paper follows a ‘narrative based scrutiny’ approach to recognise Indian attitude for investments into space technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: India in Asia and Brazil in Latin America are regarded as the most promising global economies. This paper examines the openings and possibilities for space technology collaboration between India and Latin American states under the larger rubric of science and technology collaboration. While the distance and language barriers between the two regions have proved a hindrance in the past, the paper proceeds with an assumption that, in the 21st century, such barriers should not be a limitation on developing strategic, economic, and science and technology partnerships among nation-states. The paper argues that the Latin American states are keen to have their own satellites because of their significant utility in the socioeconomic sector and this offers an opportunity to India to use cooperation in space technologies as a powerful tool for engagement in Latin America. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper concentrates upon the capability of India's satellite programme. india's satellite programme, which started its journey in 1975 with the launch of first expenmental satellite Aryabhatta, is now a well developed satellite manufacturer and launcher country. India is now able to manufacture more powerful INSAT class and remote sensing class satellites. These satellites have immense socio-economic benefits. Thes can be utilized for telecommunication, meteorology, broadcasting, weather forecasting. search and rescue services, urban planning, crop estimation, environment survey etc. All these are addressed in this paper. The paper also attempts to establish a relationship between space technology and nation-building. For nation-building, socio-economic, infrastructural developments are very necessary and space technology with its vanous applications can help India in its mission to become a developed country by 2020. Towards the end of the paper, it highlights the power of the India's space programmes; Which India can provide to other South-Asian countries for their socio-economic development . The rest of South-Asian countries regard India as a hegemonic power in the South Asia, because of its size, population, economy and military power. India by providing its useful space applications to these countries can improve its relations with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While talking about education there is definite necessity to look into the skill development and entrepreneurship as a mark of development for fulfilling Make in India proposal. The overreaching goal of the entrepreneurship has been woven in the NEP 2020 in the sense that it aspires to make the youth more resourceful, innovative, pre-emptive and vision oriented. There is need to power innovation in simple terms in all spheres of education and training across the country.A comprehensive google search and perusal of related publications about the innovative practices related to education are presented in this article. The innovation-based outputs are classified under 21 subcategories corresponding to 5 categories considered here viz. Child education, Technology in education, Policy, Innovation schools, space technology applications. The categories and subcategories identified in the present case study are by no means exhaustive but only illustrative only. The study provided the details of innovations identified under education vertical for validation for entrepreneurship under different sub-categories corresponding to the 5 categories identified under technology era. Desirability, feasibility, and viability are the strategic verses that go with entrepreneurship and worth remembering in business launching. In nutshell 35 Caselets in which 12 are of National origin and 23 are of international origin are identified and recommended for scripting business model. Integration of design thinking and innovative practices with educational offerings in all institutions by choosing focus areas based on skills gap analysis and charting opportunities will develop entrepreneurial skills. The study facilitates feasibility analysis while the grand challenges in society provide scope to find out desirability. Viability is a key point determined by cost inputs and revenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) recognizes the importance of the current space debris scenario, and the impact it has on the effective utilization of space technology for the improvement in the quality of life on the Earth. ISRO is committed to effective management of the threats due to space debris. Towards this commitment ISRO works on different aspects of space debris, including the debris mitigation measures. This paper highlights the activities and achievements in the implementation of the mitigation measures. ISRO successfully designed and developed a propellant venting system for implementation in the existing upper stage of India''s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), which uses Earth-storable liquid propellants. GSLV also employs passivation of the Cryogenic Upper Stage at the end of its useful mission. ISRO''s communication satellites in GSO are designed with adequate propellant margins for re-orbiting at the end of their useful life to a higher graveyard orbit. A typical successful operation in connection with INSAT-2C is described. ISRO developed its debris environmental models and software to predict the close approach of any of the debris to the functional satellites. The software are regularly used for the debris risk management of the orbiting spacecraft and launch vehicles. ISRO recognizes the role of international cooperation in the debris mitigation measures and actively contributes to the efforts of the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) and United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Hans J Morgenthau said, "International politics is a struggle for power", where each nation seeks to enhance its power and influence. The age of space technology that commenced with the launch of Sputnik - I in 1957, heralded the beginning of a new program capable of serving as a double-edged instrument fulfilling both the defense and development needs of a country. Space program has been instrumental in the enhancement of national power. During the initial period of commencement of space age, national prestige, national pride and military applications were the main motivating forces behind the embracement of space program. India's space program, which started its journey in 1962, has been now recognized as one of the leading countries in the world in the arena of space-based research. A post-colonial country, which is aspiring to become a major power in the 21st century, has a magical instrument in its possession, i.e., its space program, which has immense capabilities to serve both defense and development needs of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian space program is increasingly militarized. A clear policy shift in this direction has taken place. The transformation is happening because of international cooperation, especially in the civilian domain. In order to get foreign support, India projects the civilian image of its space program by arguing that there are bureaucratic and organizational barriers between civil and military programs that control internal diversion. At the same time, there exists evidence of civilian technology acquired through foreign sources being diverted for military use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over half a century, Indo-US relations had not been friendly. But the situation gradually changed in the post-Cold War era and signs of improved relations were visible in coming period. Both governments began to extend bilateral cooperation in different areas, from industry to agriculture and space technology to nuclear energy but main emphasis was on civilian nuclear cooperation. On 18 July 2005, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh paid a visit to the US and signed a bilateral agreement with President Bush. This visit was reciprocal and President Bush was in India in March 2006. These visits were hailed as historic events and signaled the dawn of a new era and end of "estrangement" as Kux characterized the relations of the Cold War era. Today, there is a growing chorus of views in both countries recommending a long-term strategic understanding even partnership. The study is to take a survey of Indo-US nuclear relations of the last six decades and to explore the current nature of the relationship in nuclear arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]