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The light-matter coupling between cyclotron transition and photon is theoretically investigated in a monolayer MoS2 system with consideration of the influence of electron-hole asymmetry. The results show that ultrastrong light-matter coupling can be achieved at a high filling factor of Landau levels. Furthermore, we show that, in contrast to the case for conventional semiconductor resonators, the MoS2 system shows a vacuum instability. In a monolayer MoS2 resonator, the diamagnetic term can still play an important role in determining magnetopolariton dispersion, which is different from a monolayer graphene system. The diamagnetic term arises from electron-hole asymmetry, which indicates that electron-hole asymmetry can influence the quantum phase transition. Our study provides new insights in cavity-controlled magnetotransport in the MoS2 system, which could lead to the development of polariton-based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]