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2. Equivalent Years of Schooling: A Metric to Communicate Learning Gains in Concrete Terms. Policy Research Working Paper 8752
- Author
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World Bank, Evans, David K., and Yuan, Fei
- Abstract
In the past decade, hundreds of impact evaluation studies have measured the learning outcomes of education interventions in developing countries. The impact magnitudes are often reported in terms of "standard deviations," making them difficult to communicate to policy makers beyond education specialists. This paper proposes two approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness of learning interventions, one in "equivalent years of schooling" and another in the net present value of potential increased lifetime earnings. The results show that in a sample of low- and middle-income countries, one standard deviation gain in literacy skill is associated with between 4.7 and 6.8 additional years of schooling, depending on the estimation method. In other words, over the course of a business-as-usual school year, students learn between 0.15 and 0.21 standard deviation of literacy ability. Using that metric to translate the impact of interventions, a median structured pedagogy intervention increases learning by the equivalent of between 0.6 and 0.9 year of business-as-usual schooling. The results further show that even modest gains in standard deviations of learning--if sustained over time--may have sizeable impacts on individual earnings and poverty reduction, and that conversion into a non-education metric should help policy makers and non-specialists better understand the potential benefits of increased learning. [This paper is a product of the Office of the Chief Economist, Africa Region and the World Development Report 2018 Team.]
- Published
- 2019
3. The Economic Impacts of Learning Losses. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 225
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Hanushek, Eric A., and Woessmann, Ludger
- Abstract
The worldwide school closures in early 2020 led to losses in learning that will not easily be made up for even if schools quickly return to their prior performance levels. These losses will have lasting economic impacts both on the affected students and on each nation unless they are effectively remediated. While the precise learning losses are not yet known, existing research suggests that the students in grades 1-12 affected by the closures might expect some 3 percent lower income over their entire lifetimes. For nations, the lower long-term growth related to such losses might yield an average of 1.5 percent lower annual GDP for the remainder of the century. These economic losses would grow if schools are unable to re-start quickly. The economic losses will be more deeply felt by disadvantaged students. All indications are that students whose families are less able to support out-of-school learning will face larger learning losses than their more advantaged peers, which in turn will translate into deeper losses of lifetime earnings. The present value of the economic losses to nations reach huge proportions. Just returning schools to where they were in 2019 will not avoid such losses. Only making them better can. While a variety of approaches might be attempted, existing research indicates that close attention to the modified re-opening of schools offers strategies that could ameliorate the losses. Specifically, with the expected increase in video-based instruction, matching the skills of the teaching force to the new range of tasks and activities could quickly move schools to heightened performance. Additionally, because the prior disruptions are likely to increase the variations in learning levels within individual classrooms, pivoting to more individualised instruction could leave all students better off as schools resume. As schools move to re-establish their programmes even as the pandemic continues, it is natural to focus considerable attention on the mechanics and logistics of safe re-opening. But the long-term economic impacts also require serious attention, because the losses already suffered demand more than the best of currently considered re-opening approaches.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. IFLA General Conference, 1992. Division of Education and Research: Editors of Library Journals (RT); Section on Research in Reading; Section on Women's Interest in Librarianship; Section on Education and Training; Continuing Professional Education (RT); Section on Library Theory and Research. Papers.
- Author
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International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, London (England).
- Abstract
The following 19 papers were delivered at the 1992 annual meeting of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions for the Division of Education and Research: (1) "Across the Frontiers: Impact of Foreign Journals in Library Science in India: A Citation Analysis" (M. A. Gopinath); (2) "Children and Reading in Israel" (I. Sever); (3) "Investigations into Reader Interest and Reading in Lithuania, 1918-1990" (V. Rimsa); (4) "Ethnic and Social Problems of Reading in Kazakhstan" (R. Berdigalieva); (5) "The USA Experience: Views and Opinions of an Asian American Librarian" (S. H. Nicolescu); (6) "The Implications for Libraries of Research on the Reading of Children" (M. L. Miller); (7) "Women's Status in Librarianship, the UK Experience" (S. Parker); (8) "Women's Interests in Librarianship, Resources on Women: Their Organization and Use" (H. Parekh); (9) "Information for Research on Women and Development" (A. Vyas); (10) "The Contribution of S. R. Ranganathan's Scientific School to the Informatization of Education for Library Science in the World" (J. N. Stolyarov and E. A. Nabatnikova); (11) "Library and Information Science Education Policy in India" (N. L. Rao and C. R. Karisiddappa); (12) "The Market in the Gap: Continuing Professional Education in the South Pacific" (J. Evans); (13) "Continuing Education Programmes for Teachers in Library and Information Science and Academic Library Professionals in South India" (A. A. N. Raju); (14) "Continuing Professional Education in China: A Decade Retrospective" (D. Xiaoying); (15) "Grounded Theory and Qualitative Methodology" (D. E. Weingand); (16) "Research in the Outskirts of Science: The Case of Mexico" (J. Lau); (17) "Society's Library: Leading to the Realization of the Five Laws--In Memory of Dr. S. R. Ranganathan" (L. Minghua); (18) "The Role of Library and Information Science Reviews in the Development of the Profession and Services" (M. Poulain); and (19) "Journal Publications in Africa: The Trouble with Authors and Readers" (L. O. Aina). Several papers are followed by references. (SLD)
- Published
- 1992
5. The Waning of America's Higher Education Advantage: International Competitors Are No Longer Number Two and Have Big Plans in the Global Economy. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.9.06
- Author
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California Univ., Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education. and Douglass, John Aubrey
- Abstract
The United States has long enjoyed being on the cutting edge in its devotion to building a vibrant higher education sector. After a century of leading the world in participation rates in higher education, however, there are strong indications that America's advantage is waning. The academic research enterprise remains relatively vibrant. However, participation and degree attainment rates have leveled off and are showing signs of actual decline in a number of major states with large populations--and this seems to be more than just a bump or short-term market correction. Other competitive nations, and in particular key members of the European Union, along with China, India and other developing economies, are aggressively nurturing their higher education systems, expanding access, and better positioning themselves in the global economy. They have been trying harder, while in the US public funding for higher education has declined. The nation's international and domestic concerns lie elsewhere. In addition to outlining these reasons that America's higher education advantage is waning, this article also discusses the possible consequences. (Contains 53 notes.)
- Published
- 2006
6. Accreditation and Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Papers on Higher Education Series.
- Author
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Bucharest (Romania). European Centre for Higher Education. and Sterian, Paul Enache
- Abstract
This paper offers a broad look at accreditation and quality assurance in higher education and how these issues are addressed around the world. Section 1 is an overview of accreditation and addresses the aims and objectives of accreditation, standards, accreditation bodies, stages of the accreditation process, the quality of that process, the role of government in the accreditation process, some critical points of view concerning the process, and present accreditation trends. Section 2 looks at accreditation and quality assurance through brief national case studies. The nations represented are France, Germany, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United States, China, India, Hong Kong, South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, and Australia. This section closes with a section comparing accreditation and quality assurance in various regions. Section 3 takes a closer and more detailed look at the accreditation process in Romania, particularly in light of the recent political and educational changes in this nation and the fairly recent decision to introduce accreditation of institutions of higher education. This examination covers accreditation principles and objectives, standards for initial and subsequent accreditation, application rules, structure of the accreditation committee and its functions, and provisions for financing accreditation. Appendixes contain institutional evaluation standards and a glossary. (Contains 27 references.) (JB)
- Published
- 1992
7. Proceedings of International Conference on Humanities, Social and Education Sciences (iHSES) (Denver, Colorado, April 13-16, 2023). Volume 1
- Author
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International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization, Mack Shelley, Mevlut Unal, and Sabri Turgut
- Abstract
The aim of the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (iHSES) conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, discuss theoretical and practical issues, and connect with the leaders in the fields of "humanities," "education" and "social sciences." It is organized for: (1) faculty members in all disciplines of humanities, education and social sciences; (2) graduate students; (3) K-12 administrators; (4) teachers; (5) principals; and (6) all interested in education and social sciences. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2023
8. State Policies and Women's Autonomy in China, the Republic of Korea, and India, 1950-2000: Lessons from Contrasting Experiences. Working Paper.
- Author
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World Bank, Washington, DC., Das Gupta, Monica, Lee, Sunhwa, Uberoi, Patricia, Wang, Danning, Wang, Lihong, and Zhang, Xiaodan
- Abstract
This paper compares the influence of state policies on gender roles and women's empowerment in China, India, and South Korea. In 1950, these newly formed states were largely poor and agrarian, with common cultural factors that placed similar severe constraints on women's autonomy. The three countries followed very different paths of development, which have had a tremendous impact on gender outcomes. Today the countries show striking differences in the extent of gender equity achieved, with China showing the most gender equity and South Korea the least. India has achieved considerable improvement in gender equity, but both men and women continue to struggle with poverty, illiteracy, and poor health conditions. Following an overview of kinship systems and the construction of gender in the three countries, this paper focuses on several key issues: access to education, employment and income patterns, women's health and health education, family law and the legal rights of women, and state efforts to influence gender-related values and behaviors through mass communication. The experiences of these three countries suggest that even when states are interested in promoting gender equity, their actions are often constrained by the desire to maintain stable family structures. In addition, it is very difficult for states to alter inequitable rural rules of residence and land ownership, which form part of the moral order of rural society. Transition to an urban economy often loosens the constraints to gender equity. The impact of policies to provide opportunities for women's empowerment have been greatly enhanced by communication efforts to alter cultural values that impede women's access to those opportunities. (Contains 59 references.) (SV)
- Published
- 2000
9. Tradition for Development: Indigenous Structures and Folk Media in Non-Formal Education. Report and Papers from the International Seminar on The Use of Indigenous Social Structures and Traditional Media in Non-Formal Education and Development (Berlin, West Germany. November 5-12, 1980).
- Author
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German Foundation for International Development, Bonn (West Germany)., International Council for Adult Education, Toronto (Ontario)., Kidd, Ross, and Colletta, Nat
- Abstract
Case studies and seminar reports are provided that were presented at an international seminar to examine field experiences in using a culture-based approach to nonformal education. Part I, containing an introductory paper and nine case studies, focuses on indigenous institutions and processes in health, family planning, agriculture, basic education, and conscientization. The introductory paper discusses indigenous sociocultural forms as a basis for nonformal education and development. Seven countries are represented in the case studies: Indonesia, Bolivia, Java (Indonesia), Upper Volta, Botswana, India, and Bali (Indonesia). Section II focuses on the performing arts in both mass campaigns and community nonformal education programs. An introductory paper overviews folk media, popular theater, and conflicting strategies for social change in the third world. The seven case studies consider the specific strategies used in Brazil, Sierra Leone, China, India, Mexico, Jamaica, and Africa. Section III contains the seminar reports developed from discussions of the four regional working groups: Latin America, Africa and the Caribbean, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. A summary of plenary discussions is also provided. (YLB)
- Published
- 1980
10. Group concept mapping – bridging the gap between conceptual papers and empirical research.
- Author
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Homer, Stephen T.
- Subjects
CONCEPT mapping ,EMPIRICAL research ,MULTIDIMENSIONAL scaling ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) - Abstract
With growing internationalism, there is a shift in research patterns in developing countries, especially China and India, generating vital and contemporary research areas that are beginning to challenge the existing Western‐dominated research literature in social sciences. Yet, many of the new ideas within conceptual papers by the social sciences are not empirically validated, let alone operationalized. This is where the group concept mapping method can play a role in bridging the gap between phenomenal conceptualization and having an empirically valid model that can then be operationalized. The group concept mapping process involves five steps: create statements, sort statements, run multidimensional scaling (MDS) of sorted units, run cluster analysis, and label the clusters. This approach allows for the collective thoughts of a pre‐defined group to be collected and organized into a tangible output with academic rigor. This paper offers an overview of the group concept mapping methodology, discussing the processes of the method, how the method can be utilized fully within the business and broader social science context, and the strengths, weaknesses, and practical implications of group concept mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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11. Promoting Population Stabilization: Incentives for Small Families. Worldwatch Paper 54.
- Author
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC. and Jacobsen, Judith
- Abstract
A wide variety of incentive and disincentive programs are presented in an effort to stabilize the population and prevent bankruptcy of physical, economic, and social resources, particularly in countries like India and China. Following an introduction, the document discusses several programs, including (1) the use of small one-time payments for individuals who become sterilized and to family planning workers or doctors for each acceptor recruited; (2) incentives that improve welfare such as deferred incentive schemes like the "No-Birth Bonus Scheme" by private industry or government pension programs, in which accounts are credited with later collection contingent upon success in having a small family; (3) community development incentives in which whole villages are rewarded with development programs if the birth rate falls; (4) penalization of large families by imposing costs or withholding benefits; (5) emergency measures such as India's compulsory sterilization and China's one-child policy; and (6) expansion of the role of other incentive and disincentive schemes such as paying women to remain childless longer and developing programs to improve the lot of women. Also provided are four data tables illustrating countries offering small, one-time payments; average number of living children of women undergoing sterilization; fertility declines of all of India and the Tea Estates with and without "No-Birth Bonus" schemes; and Singapore's birthrate from 1960-1982. (LH)
- Published
- 1983
12. Education and the Asian Surge: A Comparison of the Education Systems in India and China. Occasional Paper
- Author
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RAND Corporation, Goldman, Charles A., Kumar, Krishna B., and Liu, Ying
- Abstract
China and India have faced similar conditions and challenges in education during their rapid industrial and social transformation. The two countries started building their national education systems under comparable conditions in the late 1940s. However, different policies, strategies, and historical circumstances have led them through different routes. China has outperformed India in primary and secondary education along a broad spectrum of access, quality, and delivery indicators. India, on the other hand, enjoys a competitive edge over China in higher education. Recently, India has begun catching up with China in K-12 education, while China has already overtaken India in terms of the college enrollment and number of graduates. The respective successes and challenges of the Chinese and Indian education systems offer valuable lessons for both countries and for the rest of the developing world. The authors identify issues that deserve further attention of researchers and policymakers. (Contains 6 figures, 2 tables, 14 footnotes, and a bibliography.)
- Published
- 2008
13. Material Flow Patterns of the Global Waste Paper Trade and Potential Impacts of China's Import Ban.
- Author
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Ma Z, Yang Y, Chen WQ, Wang P, Wang C, Zhang C, and Gan J
- Subjects
- China, Europe, Asia, Eastern, India, Solid Waste
- Abstract
Waste paper, an essential substitute for wood and other plant-based fibers in paper making, is an indispensable part of the circular economy; yet, the impacts of China's ban on global waste paper cycles have not been well understood. We modeled the evolution of the global waste paper trade network during 1995-2019. We found that the cumulative trade volume of global waste paper reached 1010 million tons in the last 25 years and showed a downward trend since 2015. The global import center of waste paper experienced a transfer from Europe to East Asia and then to Southeast Asia. The ban has stimulated some developed countries to reduce the exports of unsorted waste paper since 2017, but for many major importers their changes in waste paper trade patterns were related to waste paperboard, which was not banned by China, suggesting that this import change trend may be inevitable and irrespective of China's ban. Besides, India has replaced China to become a new import hub of unsorted waste paper. Our results lay a foundation for exploring the evolution of the future global solid waste cycle under the background of zero import of solid waste increasingly implemented by China and many other developing countries.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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14. China and India in the Age of Decolonization: An Introduction to the Nehru Papers Project, 1947–1964.
- Author
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Ghosh, Arunabh, Mangalagiri, Adhira, and Sen, Tansen
- Subjects
- *
CHINA-India relations , *DECOLONIZATION - Abstract
Our project seeks to analyze the interactions and exchanges between China and India in this age of decolonization through the pages of the Nehru Papers. Although the members of our group have all been engaged in the study of China and India, for many of us, the types of documents that comprise the Nehru Papers vary significantly from the kinds of materials we otherwise work on. Some years ago, the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library (NMML) in New Delhi declassified the post-1947 materials within the Jawaharlal Nehru Papers collection. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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15. A comparative analysis of retracted papers in Health Sciences from China and India.
- Author
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Palla, Ishfaq Ahmad, Singson, Mangkhollen, and Thiyagarajan, S.
- Subjects
FRAUD in science ,NORMATIVITY (Ethics) ,COMPARATIVE studies ,SCIENTIFIC community ,PLAGIARISM ,TEXT messages - Abstract
Academics are expected to publish their research work. Hence, during the past few years, the scientific community has witnessed an ever-increasing growth and output in scientific papers. However, a large number of authors have violated ethical norms of research leading to retractions of their research works as well. The article focuses on the scientific fraud emanating from China and India in Health Sciences for a period of three years i.e. 2015 to 2018. The present data were extracted from a search filter term "Research Articles OR Articles in Press" on the subject category of Health Sciences (HSC). A total of 318 retracted papers were retrieved and the result of the study indicated that majority (268 items) of the retracted papers in Health Science originated from China, whereas just 50 retracted papers originated from India as on 21-02-2019. While analyzing the data, 26 redundant articles from China have been removed that received retraction notices. Further, the results of the study suggest that there are several factors associated with retraction of scientific papers, which include unreliable results, duplication of results, plagiarism, forged authorship, error in the text, error in data and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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16. Highly cited papers from India and China.
- Author
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Madhan, Muthu, Chandrasekar, G., and Arunachalam, Subbiah
- Subjects
- *
RESEARCH papers (Students) , *IMPACT factor (Citation analysis) , *SCIENTIFIC archives , *ENGINEERING - Abstract
Research papers published by Chinese and Indian researchers during 1998-2007 and cited at least 100 times by end of 2009 are analysed. There were 776 papers with at least one author from India (amounting to 0.32% of all papers from India) and 2260 papers with at least one author from China (0.4% of all papers from China) that have gone on to be cited at least 100 times. We have identified prominent authors and institutions, journals used and fields of research. Although highly cited Chinese papers were cited on average less often than the highly cited papers from India, Chinese authors have been able to place their papers in high impact journals such as Nature and Science far more often than Indian authors. The Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai and Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore are the prominent Indian institutions, whereas universities in Hong Kong, Peking University, Tshing Hua University and several institutions under the Chinese Academy of Science dominate in China. In terms of citations, Chinese National Human Genome Centre Shanghai, Shanghai, tops the list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
17. Asian-Pacific Papers. Occasional Papers Number 10.
- Author
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Applied Linguistics Association of Australia. and McCarthy, Brian
- Abstract
Sixteen papers are presented. Topics covered include language teaching, discourse analysis, code switching, phonetics, language and cultural identity, and descriptive and comparative studies. All presenters were from the Asia-Pacific area of the world. Papers include: "The Baba Malay Lexicon: Hokkien Loanwords in Baba Malay" (Anne Pakir); "Pronouns in Japanese: Their Functions and Meaning" (Yasukata Yano); "Code Switching and Code Mixing as a Communicative Strategy in Multilingual Discourse" (Mary W. J. Tay); "Teaching English as a Foreign Language in India: A Socio-Functional View" (Shivendra K. Verma); "Language Education and Literary Creativity in English: a Tale of Two Cities" (Agnes Shun-Ling Lam); "A Study of Scientific Palatography: A Comparison of English and Japanese Palatal Consonants by Dynamic Electropalatography" (Tsutomu Oyabu, Richard L. Dusek, Mitsuaki Yoshinaga, and Sadahiko Ikeura); "A Study in the Adequacy of Data for Strategy Analyses in Spoken Discourse" (E. Berendt and H. Takahashi); "The Use of Aspect in Papua New Guinea English" (Anne-Marie Smith); "Language Attitudes and the Social Order in Hong Kong after 1997" (Gail Schaefer Fu and Pui-to Lu); "A Proposed Descriptive Framework for the Pragmatic Meanings of the Particle "la" in Colloquial Singaporean English" (Loke Kit-Ker and Johna Low Mei-Yin); "Working for an English Syllabus for Senior English Majors in China's Tertiary Institutions" (Hu Zhuanglin); "Interpretation of Anaphora in English and Japanese in Sentences with Prepositional Phrases" (Shuzo Yamanaka); "On Japanese Onomatopoeia: A Functional Approach" (Hisao Kakehi); "English-Chinese Code Switching of Primary School Children in Singapore" (Kay Cheng Soh); "A Comparative Discourse Analysis of English and Japanese" (Makoto Oshima); and "On the Acquisitional Strategies of Complex Sentence Formation: Examples from Japanese and English Speaking Children" (Katsutoshi Ito). (Each chapter contains references.) (NAV)
- Published
- 1988
18. IFLA General Conference, 1986. Education and Research Division. Section: Library History and Library Theory and Research. Papers.
- Author
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International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, The Hague (Netherlands).
- Abstract
Papers on library history and library theory and research presented at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "The History of Western Literature Library Collections in Japan" (Yoshitomi Okazaki, Japan); (2) "Trends of Library History Research in Japan" (Hiroshi Kawai, Yukio Fujino, Atsushi Ishii, and Yoshitaka Kawasaki, Japan); (3) "Impact of the Information Society on the Library" (Yoneji Masuda, Japan); (4) "The Impact of Information Society on Libraries in Japan--Its Emblematic Appearance" (Nobutaka Sakurai, Japan); (5) "Libraries for Scientific Research in China" (Peng Feizhang, China); (6) "Strategic Planning for Information in the Research University--A Report on a Project and Its Implications for Library Education" (Robert M. Hayes, United States); (7) "Library Science in the 21st Century" (Tomoo Matsuda, Japan); (8) "The Tri-Dimensional Nature of Information Work" (Rosario Gassol de Horowitz, Venezuela); and (9) "Research in Library and Information Science in India" (P. B. Mangla). (KM)
- Published
- 1986
19. A Cumulative Index for Focus on Asian Studies. Autumn 1971-Spring 1976. Service Center Paper on Asian Studies, No. 12.
- Author
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Association for Asian Studies, Columbus, OH. Service Center for Teachers of Asian Studies. and Pierce, Lucia B.
- Abstract
Approximately 1700 citations, from 1971-1976, plus fifteen issues of "Focus on Asian Studies," are listed in this cumulative index on Asian studies. It was compiled for any person seeking information (both print and nonprint materials) pertaining to Asian studies. Listed publications consist of newspaper articles, journal articles, papers, and books. The volume is arranged into 14 major categories: articles related to Asian studies; conferences, institutes, and workshops; summer study/travel programs; resource centers and related organizations; curriculum guides and bibliographies; Asian studies teaching file lesson (lesson plans); text materials for classroom use; multimedia materials; performing arts and exhibitions; periodicals; books; books for elementary schools; publishers of written materials; and publishers of multimedia materials. An eight-page listing of publishers of written and multimedia materials is included. (NE)
- Published
- 1976
20. The Barrel of the Gun and the Barrel of Oil in North-South Equation. Working Paper Number Five.
- Author
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Institute for World Order, New York, NY., Mazrui, Ali A., Mazrui, Ali A., and Institute for World Order, New York, NY.
- Abstract
Current trends in armaments and militarism in the third world countries must be assessed against a background of imperialism and in relation to the tendency to use nuclear power for peaceful ends and oil power for militaristic ends. Discussion of these factors with relation to China, India, and the Arab countries requires examination of militaristic attitudes and the activities of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The Arab world's discovery of oil power and subsequent formation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are also discussed. It appears that interconnections among different sectors of policy exist along with interdependence among nations. The pursuit of disarmament or arms control cannot be separated from the struggle for equity in world politics. Since the power of the oil-producing nations is contributing toward a new world order, a new international military order becomes one precondition for a new international economic order. China's experimental rockets, India's nuclear devices, and the Arab consortium's arms industry may have to be placed alongside of OPEC as part of their total leverage if there is to be a change toward greater equity between developing and developed nations. Because nuclear capacity is linked with the third world's quest for dignity and power, some degree of proliferation may be the price for equality. (Author/KC)
- Published
- 1978
21. Ten Decades of Rural Development: Lessons from India. MSU Rural Development Paper No. 1, 1978.
- Author
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Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Agricultural Economics. and Khan, Akhter Hame
- Abstract
One hundred years of rural development in India is surveyed, tracing the impact of colonial administration up to and including the decades of independence--an administration built on elitism, centralism, and paternalism. Four major rural problems of famine, abuses of land tenure, peasant indebtedness, and rural disaffection and how political entities have attempted to overcome them are discussed. It is shown that colonial rulers dealt with scarcity, disparity, and disaffection in a variety of ways: agricultural "demonstration and propaganda" to counteract scarcity, cooperatives/tenancy reforms to check disparity, local government to redress disaffection, and techniques of rural reconstruction. The measure of success is addressed, and the shift from community development to agricultural extension as a means of rural development following World War II is chronicled. The fifties are described as a decade of community development and agriculture extension during which American influence intermingled with colonial traditions and the sixties as the culmination of American influence, with a return to older traditions. This decade is seen as one of consolidation, with comparisons drawn between development in India and China. Whether the new poverty and target groups orientation accomplishes overall rural development, so far elusive, or is merely a change in methods, remains to be seen. (RS)
- Published
- 1978
22. A study of Economic complexity of Indian Exports Vis-à-vis China: A Review Paper based on Atlas of Economic Complexity theory.
- Author
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Pujari, Purvi, Kumar, Anuj, Sagi, Srilalitha, and Napate, Sachin
- Subjects
COMPLEXITY (Philosophy) ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,COVID-19 pandemic ,EXPORTS - Abstract
As the world tries to grapple with the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are concerns about the revivals of economies across the globe. The world is also trying to make sense of global restructuring trade, which is expected in the post-COVID-19 world. This paper attempts to analyze the emerging trade scenario between India and China. Atlas of Economic Complexity theory (ACE) by Ricardo Hausmann, Cesar A. Hidalgo has been taken as a base for this research. This study propagates that the countries with products that require more know-how have more potential to grow. Taking the Atlas map giving details of Indian exports as a base, the researchers have compared the data from the last two years. The purpose is to identify whether the complexity of Indian exports is increasing or not. A particular case study has been done on Indian exports to China. There has been little progress in this field as India is exporting more complex products slightly to China. There is an urgent need to formulate a strategy to enhance the complexity of Indian exports. The policymakers need to give impetus to the industries which have a cross-cultural demand in China and leverage this opportunity. This will open the path for consolidating India's position in the global trade as well as improving its strategic position vis-a-vis China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Sentiment Analysis Research : A Scientometrics Assessment of Global Publications for the Period 2003-2020.
- Author
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Gupta, B. M. and Dhawan, S. M.
- Subjects
SENTIMENT analysis ,SCIENTOMETRICS ,GLOBAL analysis (Mathematics) ,ORGANIZATIONAL research - Abstract
This study has sought to evaluate the global sentiment analysis research (14025 records) on quantitative and qualitative metrics to understand the current status of research in the subject at global, national, institutional, and individual author level. The data for the study was sourced from the Scopus database covering the period 2003-2020. The global research in the subject registered an 81.15% annual average growth and averaged 11.91 citations per paper. India, China, and USA lead the global ranking of the top 10 most productive countries, with (18.37%, 17.71%, and 13.36%) respectively as their global publications share. The study identifies the most productive and most impactful research organizations and authors in the subject, profiles the highly cited papers, the share of international collaborative papers and the most productive source journals, and the most productive organizations as well as the leading authors. The study concludes that international collaboration research contributes significantly to the quality of research in sentiment analysis studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. India's growth story: With China's doors closed to imports of many recyclables, India has imported slightly more nonferrous and paper scrap recently.
- Author
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Smalley, Megan
- Subjects
NONFERROUS metals ,IMPORTS - Published
- 2019
25. Municipal solid waste management and landfilling technologies: a review.
- Author
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Nanda, Sonil and Berruti, Franco
- Subjects
SOLID waste management ,LANDFILLS ,ORGANIC wastes ,WASTE recycling ,WASTE management ,WASTE paper - Abstract
The USA, China and India are the top three producers of municipal solid waste. The composition of solid wastes varies with income: low-to-middle-income population generates mainly organic wastes, whereas high-income population produces more waste paper, metals and glasses. Management of municipal solid waste includes recycling, incineration, waste-to-energy conversion, composting or landfilling. Landfilling for solid waste disposal is preferred in many municipalities globally. Landfill sites act as ecological reactors where wastes undergo physical, chemical and biological transformations. Hence, critical factors for sustainable landfilling are landfill liners, the thickness of the soil cover, leachate collection, landfill gas recovery and flaring facilities. Here, we review the impact of landfill conditions such as construction, geometry, weather, temperature, moisture, pH, biodegradable matter and hydrogeological parameters on the generation of landfill gases and leachate. Bioreactor landfills appear as the next-generation sanitary landfills, because they augment solid waste stabilization in a time-efficient manner, as a result of controlled recirculation of leachate and gases. We discuss volume reduction, resource recovery, valorization of dumped wastes, environmental protection and site reclamation toward urban development. We present the classifications and engineered iterations of landfills, operations, mechanisms and mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. BRICS and global health: a call for papers.
- Author
-
Zurn P, Romisch-Diouf MA, Acharya S, Barber SL, Menabde N, Migliorini L, Molina J, and O'Leary MJ
- Subjects
- Brazil, China, Cooperative Behavior, Delivery of Health Care, Health Status Disparities, India, Periodicals as Topic, Russia, South Africa, Global Health, Publishing, Writing
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Post-Merger Customer Satisfaction, Loyalty and Service Quality in the Banking Sector: A Bibliometric Analysis.
- Author
-
Kavita and Aggarwal, Sandeep
- Subjects
BANKING industry ,QUALITY of service ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,CUSTOMER satisfaction ,CUSTOMER loyalty ,LOYALTY - Abstract
The paper seeks to examine the broad trends in research on post-merger customer satisfaction, loyalty, and service quality in the banking sector. It identifies the top contributions to the body of knowledge in the sector in terms of authors, journals, countries, and institutions by examining the relevant literature in this area. The 189 research publications under analysis have a combined 455 authors, with more multiauthor studies than single-author ones. India has the most (111) publications in the dataset, while China has received the most citations overall. Graphic Era (Deemed to be University) from India is the leading research contributor in this area. The network visualization exercise also showed a substantial level of international cooperation in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
28. Trends for nanotechnology development in China, Russia, and India.
- Author
-
Liu, Xuan, Zhang, Pengzhu, Li, Xin, Chen, Hsinchun, Dang, Yan, Larson, Catherine, Roco, Mihail, and Wang, Xianwen
- Subjects
NANOTECHNOLOGY ,RESEARCH & development ,QUANTUM dots ,CARBON nanotubes ,ATOMIC force microscopy ,SCANNING electron microscopy - Abstract
Abstract  China, Russia, and India are playing an increasingly important role in global nanotechnology research and development (R&D). This paper comparatively inspects the paper and patent publications by these three countries in the Thomson Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI) database and United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database (1976â2007). Bibliographic, content map, and citation network analyses are used to evaluate country productivity, dominant research topics, and knowledge diffusion patterns. Significant and consistent growth in nanotechnology papers are noted in the three countries. Between 2000 and 2007, the average annual growth rate was 31.43% in China, 11.88% in Russia, and 33.51% in India. During the same time, the growth patterns were less consistent in patent publications: the corresponding average rates are 31.13, 10.41, and 5.96%. The three countriesâ paper impact measured by the average number of citations has been lower than the world average. However, from 2000 to 2007, it experienced rapid increases of about 12.8 times in China, 8 times in India, and 1.6 times in Russia. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), and the Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) were the most productive institutions in paper publication, with 12,334, 6,773, and 1,831 papers, respectively. The three countries emphasized some common research topics such as âQuantum dots,â âCarbon nanotubes,â âAtomic force microscopy,â and âScanning electron microscopy,â while Russia and India reported more research on nano-devices as compared with China. CAS, RAS, and IIT played key roles in the respective domestic knowledge diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Methodological issues for population-based research into dementia in developing countries. A position paper from the 10/66 Dementia Research Group.
- Author
-
Prince M
- Subjects
- Age Distribution, Aged, China epidemiology, Forecasting, Humans, Incidence, India epidemiology, International Cooperation, Middle Aged, Nigeria epidemiology, Prevalence, Thailand epidemiology, Dementia epidemiology, Developing Countries, Population Surveillance methods, Research Design standards
- Abstract
The 10/66 Dementia Research Group has been formed to promote good-quality, internationally comparable research into dementia in developing countries through active research collaboration. In this position paper, we review existing research into dementia prevalence in developing regions of the world. Seven methodologically robust studies were identified. The prevalence of dementia, age-adjusted to the age structure of the Kerala population, ranged from 1.3% to 5.3% for all those aged 60 or over and from 1.7% to 5.2% for all those aged 65 and over. Two studies, from Ibadan, Nigeria and Ballabgarh, India, reported strikingly low prevalence figures. The reported prevalence for most studies was somewhat lower than the consistent figures for Europe reported by the EURODEM concerted action. Based on critical review of the literature, and on the practical research experience of members of the 10/66 group, recommendations have been made for procedure in the following areas: age limits for inclusion in dementia surveys, age ascertainment, sampling, scope for incidence studies, functional assessment and culture- and education-fair dementia diagnosis., (Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT Conference Paper Abstracts.
- Subjects
MANAGEMENT ,RETAIL industry ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,COMPENSATION management - Abstract
This article presents abstracts of studies on international management. The paper "Regional Strategies for Service Sector Multinationals," examined the intra-regional sales of all 49 multinational enterprises (MNE) in the retail sector. Data is not available for most other service sector MNEs, especially in insurance and banking. Only one of these 49 retail MNEs is global, defined as operating with at least 20 percent of its sales in each part of the triad. The paper "Market Equilibrium, Cartel or Lack of Strategy? Entry Level Compensation in Japanese Firms," examined the determinants of base pay for entry level college graduates in Japanese firms. In a sense, Japanese firms' compensation strategy for college hiring is to behave as a cartel and to minimize wage competition. The paper "A Comparative Analysis of Indian and Chinese Negotiating Behavior," highlighted the similarities and differences between Indian and the Chinese negotiating behavior. While a lot has been written about the Chinese approach to negotiations the literature on Indian negotiating behavior is relatively sparse. This paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by providing a comparative contrast of the negotiating styles in these countries. The starting premise of the paper is that institutional environments affect the ease with which value is created, sustained or amplified over time.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Certain Lined Paper Products From India and the People's Republic of China: Continuation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Orders.
- Author
-
Piquado, Paul
- Subjects
ANTIDUMPING duties ,PAPER products - Abstract
The article informs about a notice issued by the U.S. International Trade Administration. The notice informs that the continuation of the antidumping duty (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) orders on lined paper products from India and the People's Republic of China (PRC) by the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC).
- Published
- 2012
32. Urban villages in China and India: parallels and differences in the village extension process.
- Author
-
van Oostrum, Matthijs and Dovey, Kim
- Subjects
VILLAGES ,LAND tenure - Abstract
Urbanizing villages are erstwhile rural villages that are spatially enveloped and are characterized by their dual relation to the state, which expresses itself as an issue of citizenship; of land ownership; of governance; and building regulations. This paper transcends the current focus on villages in Southern China, by comparing village urbanization between China and India through four narratives of village extensions. Four parallel readings are offered, namely that urban villages are characterized by; shared tenure rooted in their rural past; inherited administrative boundaries that are re-imbued with new legal designations; emulation of traditional practices; and sustained modes of self-governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Analysis of output and output volatility connectedness of Nigeria, USA, China and India: new empirical insights from the global financial crisis versus 2016 Nigerian recession.
- Author
-
Anthony-Orji, Onyinye Imelda, Nwodo, Ikenna Paulinus, Orji, Anthony, and Ogbuabor, Jonathan E.
- Subjects
GLOBAL Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ,RECESSIONS ,FINANCIAL crises ,VECTOR autoregression model - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to examine Nigeria's dynamic output and output volatility connectedness with USA, China and India using quarterly data from 1981Q1 to 2019Q4. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted the network approach of Diebold and Yilmaz (2014) and used the normalized generalized forecast error variance decomposition from an underlying vector error correction model to build connectedness measures. Findings: The findings show that the global financial crisis (GFC) increased the connectedness index far more than the 2016 Nigeria economic recession. The moderate effect of the 2016 Nigeria economic recession on the connectedness index underscores the fact that Nigeria is a small, open economy with minimal capacity to spread output shock. For both real output and its volatility, the total connectedness index rose smoothly and systematically through time, thereby leaving the economies more connected in the long run. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is among the first to examine Nigeria's dynamic output and output volatility connectedness with the USA, China and India using new empirical insights from the GFC versus 2016 Nigerian recession. The study, therefore, concludes that the Nigerian economy should be diversified immediately as a hedge against future real output shocks, while the USA, China and India should maintain and sustain their current policy frameworks to remain less vulnerable to real output shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Recovered Paper Demand Will Grow.
- Subjects
PAPER - Abstract
The article reports on the growing demand of recovered paper in China and India.
- Published
- 2012
35. Supply Chain Management Research in India: A Quantitative & Qualitative Assessment of Publication Output during 2006-15.
- Author
-
Saxena, Anurag and Gupta, B. M.
- Subjects
SUPPLY chain management - Abstract
The present study looks at 912 publications from India on supply chain management as covered in Scopus database during 2006-15. The study reported an annual average growth rate of 11.74% for publications and citation impact of 9.34 citations per paper. The global publications on supply change management came from several countries, of which the top 10 accounted for 80.28% of global publication share during 2006-15. A total of 225 organizations and 304 authors participated in Indian research on supply chain management during 2006-15. The top 25 organizations contributed 53.62% publications share and accounted for 56.75% citations share. The top 25 authors contributed 36.69% publications share and accounted for 74.13% citation share. China is the world leader in research output on supply chain management, followed by USA, etc. The top 20 journals accounted for 52.98% share of the journal output. The top 20 highly cited papers varied from 61 to 829 citations per paper, and together these papers accounted for 3058 citations, resulting in the average at 278 citations per paper. Based on existing studies, the authors recommend accelerating the pace of research on this subject. The results of this scientometric analysis has facilitated in identification of the research direction of supply chain management research in India and has thus presented a valuable tool for researchers to access the literature in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The moderating role of institutions between FDI and GDP: evidence from China and India.
- Author
-
Bobek, Vito, Majaj, Saji, and Horvat, Tatjana
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,PURCHASING power parity ,FOREIGN exchange rates ,GROSS domestic product ,INTEREST rates - Abstract
Several research efforts were dedicated to analysing the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows on gross domestic product (GDP) and employment in the host economies. The variations in the conclusions signal that other variables influence and moderate the effects of FDI on GDP and employment. Institutional elements receive limited research attention, despite their influence on the host economies. This paper investigates the moderating role of institutional elements in the FDI-host economies on FDI’s effects on GDP and employment with China and India as case studies. The approach utilises three principal methodologies. The first methodology presents an in-depth analysis of China and India, highlighting selected institutional elements with the potential to influence FDI’s effects. The second methodology confirms the presence of a positive correlation between FDI and GDP and a negative correlation between FDI and employment-to-population ratio (EPR) in both China and India. The FDI, GDP purchasing power parity per capita, and EPR datasets are extracted from the World Bank – DataBank World Development Indicators to ensure the consistency of the data. The results of the quantitative analysis validate the qualitative analysis. The qualitative analysis confirms the moderating role of the selected institutional elements with variations in direction and strength. Significant variations in FDI’s effects on GDP and employment are strongly related to variations in the institutions of governance. The institutions of governance include the functionality of the state organs, the efficiency of the legal system and enforcement of the rule of law, and the quality of implementation of FDI-supportive policies. The findings aim to increase the absorption of the positive effects of FDI on GDP and employment in the respective countries. The research is a cornerstone of in-depth future research into the following areas: the role of selective FDI and constructive conditional FDI policies, the functionality of judicial authority controls, and FDI favourable exchange rates and interest rates policies. The novelty and contribution of the paper lie in its comprehensive exploration of the moderating role of institutional elements on the effects of FDI on GDP and employment in host economies, with a specific focus on China and India. The paper contributes significantly to the academic literature on FDI and economic development by emphasising the importance of institutional factors and providing actionable insights for policymakers and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Bibliometric analysis of ChatGPT in medicine.
- Author
-
Gande, Sharanya, Gould, Murdoc, and Ganti, Latha
- Subjects
SERIAL publications ,SAFETY ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,PRIVACY ,PROFESSIONAL peer review ,MISINFORMATION ,NATURAL language processing ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,PUBLISHING ,MEDICAL research ,ENDOWMENT of research ,MEDICINE ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,OPEN access publishing ,MEDICAL practice ,RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,MEDICAL ethics ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Introduction: The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) chat programs has opened two distinct paths, one enhancing interaction and another potentially replacing personal understanding. Ethical and legal concerns arise due to the rapid development of these programs. This paper investigates academic discussions on AI in medicine, analyzing the context, frequency, and reasons behind these conversations. Methods: The study collected data from the Web of Science database on articles containing the keyword "ChatGPT" published from January to September 2023, resulting in 786 medically related journal articles. The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles in English related to medicine. Results: The United States led in publications (38.1%), followed by India (15.5%) and China (7.0%). Keywords such as "patient" (16.7%), "research" (12%), and "performance" (10.6%) were prevalent. The Cureus Journal of Medical Science (11.8%) had the most publications, followed by the Annals of Biomedical Engineering (8.3%). August 2023 had the highest number of publications (29.3%), with significant growth between February to March and April to May. Medical General Internal (21.0%) was the most common category, followed by Surgery (15.4%) and Radiology (7.9%). Discussion: The prominence of India in ChatGPT research, despite lower research funding, indicates the platform's popularity and highlights the importance of monitoring its use for potential medical misinformation. China's interest in ChatGPT research suggests a focus on Natural Language Processing (NLP) AI applications, despite public bans on the platform. Cureus' success in publishing ChatGPT articles can be attributed to its open-access, rapid publication model. The study identifies research trends in plastic surgery, radiology, and obstetric gynecology, emphasizing the need for ethical considerations and reliability assessments in the application of ChatGPT in medical practice. Conclusion: ChatGPT's presence in medical literature is growing rapidly across various specialties, but concerns related to safety, privacy, and accuracy persist. More research is needed to assess its suitability for patient care and implications for non-medical use. Skepticism and thorough review of research are essential, as current studies may face retraction as more information emerges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Success factors for renewable energy businesses in emerging economies.
- Author
-
Haile, Yohannes and Min, Hokey
- Subjects
RENEWABLE energy sources ,BUSINESS success ,EMERGING markets ,ENERGY industries ,NATURAL resources ,INTELLECTUAL capital - Abstract
Purpose: With a growing demand for safe, clean and affordable energy, emerging economies (EEs) across the globe are now seeking to create and rapidly develop renewable energy (RE) businesses. The success of these businesses often hinges on their ability to translate RE into sustainable value for energy consumers and the multiple stakeholders in this industry. Such value includes low production costs due to an abundance of natural resources (e.g. wind, water and sunlight) and public health benefits from reduced environmental pollution. With that in mind, this paper aims to gauge RE's potential for sustainable value creation and then develop an effective RE business strategy. Design/methodology/approach: This paper develops a structural equation model, conducts an exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analyses with and without common latent factors and proposes a moderated mediation analysis to identify a host of factors that influence the success of RE businesses. Findings: This paper discovers that RE business performance is significantly affected by integrated vision, intellectual capital and social capital. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is one of the first empirical studies that identify various factors influencing successful RE businesses in EEs such as Asian (e.g. China and India) and Latin American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. GREEN BRAND AS A NEW PATTERN OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT CONSUMPTION.
- Author
-
Chygryn, Olena, Kuzior, Aleksandra, Olefirenko, Oleg, and Uzik, Jan
- Subjects
CONSUMER behavior ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,SUSTAINABILITY ,SUSTAINABLE consumption ,GREEN marketing ,ENERGY consumption ,GREEN technology - Abstract
In the conditions of the spread of globalization processes, growing interdependence, and interconnectedness of countries, a significant intensification of the academic society efforts to ensure national energy security and independence is necessary. The purpose of the paper is to provide a systematic review of the scientific environment aimed at analysing the contents and features of scientific publications dealing with new trends and patterns in sustainable energy consumption. In order to create a semantic and definition basis and research the main trends of scientific publications on the subject of developing energy efficiency and sustainable consumption, the paper carried out a bibliometric analysis concerning the categories «energy efficient» and «energy consumption» using the Scopus and VOSviewer tools. The main question is, what are the main scientific and research trends and patterns in the field of energy efficiency and sustainable consumption? For this purpose, the quantity and quality tendencies of the scientific articles which are studying issues connected with energy efficiency and sustainable consumer behaviour were determined. A sample of more than 24000 scientific publications on this issue was generated from publications indexed by the Scopus database. The study period covers 2001-2021. On the global level, the analysed investigated area is represented by the countries: China, the USA, and India. VOS viewer tools were used to systemize 5 clusters of scientific articles that analysed sustainable energy consumption from different points of view. Identification of regularities in the developing of scientific approaches to energy-efficient consumption and developing sustainable energy sector was carried out using bibliometric analysis, which has made it possible to describe the dominant retrospective evolutionary and temporal tendencies in the development of this theory concerning the concepts of sustainable development, environmental management, and development of renewables. As a result, one of the most significant trends is a green brand and tendencies connected with developing green marketing and green consumer awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Sino-India competition in South Asia: Can India counter the growing role of China?
- Author
-
Ali, Murad and Khan, Usman
- Subjects
BELT & Road Initiative ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,CENTRAL economic planning ,GROUP of Twenty countries - Abstract
Ever since Beijing has launched its grand transcontinental Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), President Xi's key foreign economic plan has ignited interest of policymakers and academia alike. This paper explores that under the BRI framework, China has invested billions of dollars in infrastructurebuilding in diverse regions across the globe, including South Asia where Beijing has expanded its footprints by implementing projects in various sectors. India, being wary of Chinese ambitions and intentions, has declined to join the venture as it has reservations over Xi's 'project of the century'. In response, India has come up with various initiatives to counter the growing role of Beijing in South Asia and beyond. Key Indian initiatives are examined aimed at rivalling China. For enhancing regional integration and connectivity, India, in partnership with Japan, has launched Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC). International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) is another such venture to dwarf the Chinese BRI. In collaboration with the Group of 20 (G20), New Delhi unveiled another connectivity initiative -- India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) as an alternative to the BRI. The paper concludes that although India is eager to compete with China, it does not have enough resources to match China's regarding investing and implementing mega infrastructure projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
41. Bibliometrics of Machine Learning Research Using Homomorphic Encryption.
- Author
-
Chen, Zhigang, Hu, Gang, Zheng, Mengce, Song, Xinxia, and Chen, Liqun
- Subjects
MACHINE learning ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,CITATION analysis ,INTERNET of things ,BIG data - Abstract
Since the first fully homomorphic encryption scheme was published in 2009, many papers have been published on fully homomorphic encryption and its applications. Machine learning is one of the most interesting applications and has drawn a lot of attention from researchers. To better represent and understand the field of Homomorphic Encryption in Machine Learning (HEML), this paper utilizes automated citation and topic analysis to characterize the HEML research literature over the years and provide the bibliometrics assessments for this burgeoning field. This is conducted by using a bibliometric statistical analysis approach. We make use of web-based literature databases and automated tools to present the development of HEML. This allows us to target several popular topics for in-depth discussion. To achieve these goals, we have chosen the well-established Scopus literature database and analyzed them through keyword counts and Scopus relevance searches. The results show a relative increase in the number of papers published each year that involve both homomorphic cryptography and machine learning. Using text mining of articles titles, we have found that cloud computing is a popular topic in this field, which also includes neural networks, big data, and the Internet of Things. The analysis results show that China, the US, and India have generated almost half of all the research contributions in HEML. The citation statistics, keyword statistics, and topic analyses give us a quick overview of the development of the field, which can be of great help to new researchers. It is also possible to apply our methodology to other research areas, and we see great value in this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Role of the Indian Political Regime in Higher Education Reforms for Innovation Drive: Key Comparisons With China.
- Author
-
Jain, Romi, Ping Hung Li, Eric, and Lee, Joseph Tse-Hei
- Subjects
INNOVATIONS in higher education ,POLITICAL leadership ,EDUCATIONAL change ,HIGHER education - Abstract
As primary drivers of global growth, China and India as Asian giants are on the path to reforming their higher education systems to drive innovation. This paper based on both primary and secondary data sources investigates how India's democratic political leadership has facilitated higher education reform for fostering innovation while underlining key differences in the policy approach of the Chinese leadership. Findings identify the areas of reform for India and also reveal that epistemic boundaries between India and China are beginning to blur so far as right-wing ideological regimentation is concerned, with possible implications for innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Research on India-China agriculture trade dynamics: A comparative advantage analysis.
- Author
-
Shukla, Swaraj, Sadykova, Kamilla, and Tian, Jinjin
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL research ,FARM produce ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH personnel ,STATISTICS - Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the agriculture trade dynamic between India and China from 2002–2021. It employed the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) indices and various statistical analyses to assess the trade performance and provide an enhanced comprehension of the specialization pattern. The study has selected 45 agricultural commodities, categorized into seven sections according to the HS Nomenclature 2017. The findings revealed that India boasts a more diversified export portfolio compared to China, with a more significant number of agriculture chapters demonstrating a comparative advantage. Conversely, China's export basket is more concentrated, featuring fewer chapters with a comparative advantage but higher values of RCA and RSCA. The paper also identified the prospective areas for agriculture-trade cooperation and collaboration between the two countries and put forward recommendations. This research aims to offer valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and traders to enhance bilateral ties and mutual benefits in the agriculture sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Brand crowdfunding using followers boosted through gamification affordances: insights from two emerging markets.
- Author
-
Nawaz, Muhammad Zahid, Nawaz, Shahid, and Guzman, Francisco
- Subjects
CROWD funding ,SOCIAL media ,EMERGING markets ,GAMIFICATION ,PLANNED behavior theory ,CONSUMER psychology - Abstract
Purpose: Brand crowdfunding, launched through brands' social media platforms, can provide a myriad of crowdfunding and branding benefits, such as strengthening brands' social networks, validating product launches, generating mass exposure and enabling cocreation. Gamification positions brand crowdfunding as an exciting and joyful activity that more deeply engages prosumers. Anchored on resource-based theory, theory of planned behavior and service-dominant logic, this paper aims to develop a brand crowdfunding framework for established brands with insights from two emerging markets: China and India. Design/methodology/approach: A deductive cross-sectional design is used to gather data from an established brand's (e.g. Xiaomi) social media followers in China (n = 826) and India (n = 358), which is analyzed through PLSc-SEM. Findings: The results reveal that social media brand engagement is an antecedent of brand crowdfunding participation, brand crowdfunding intention is a predictor of brand loyalty and gamification is a significant moderator in technology-oriented societies. Originality/value: The paper develops a brand crowdfunding framework that provides insights on how established brands can leverage crowdfunding to enhance their new product development process. The results contribute to the social media brand engagement, crowdfunding, gamification and emerging markets literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Managing Racial Integration in BRICS Higher Education Institutions
- Author
-
Naidoo, Shantha and Shaikhnag, Noorullah
- Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were developed by the United Nations in 2015 to encompass universal respect for equality and non-discrimination regardless of race, gender, ethnicity, and cultural diversity. Since 2000, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) have aligned with SDG 4.3 by developing higher education institutions (HEIs) which aims to "By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university". This was intended to create equal opportunities and permit full realisation and prosperity of human rights and human dignity. This paper explores the effectiveness of managing racial integration in BRICS HEIs and illustrates remarkable progress in research and policy enactment. Particular attention is devoted to the period from the mid-2000s when evidence around the globe exposed the presence of many forms of violence, which inhibit management of effective racial integration. Based on case studies from selected BRICS countries (South Africa, Russia, and Brazil), this paper explores how the management of racial integration is being addressed within these contexts. [For the complete Volume 20 proceedings, see ED622631.]
- Published
- 2022
46. CHINA'S STRATEGIC PRESENCE IN EAST AFRICAN PORTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR INDIAN OCEAN SECURITY.
- Author
-
Hazra, Sharmistha and Bhaskar, Pranav
- Subjects
OCEAN energy resources ,OCEAN ,NATIONAL security - Abstract
This paper examines how China's presence in the East African seaports has created a threat to the Indian Ocean's security. In particular, the research empirically analyses whether China's growing activities in the Western Indian Ocean along the East African coast have dismantled the security architecture of the Indo-Pacific. This paper aims to understand the responses of India and her allies in containing China's rise in the region. The paper has taken three East African ports, Dar es Salaam, Lamu, and Doraleh port of Djibouti, as a case study to examine how Chinese presence in these three ports could dismantle the security architecture of Indo-Pacific in the Western Indian Ocean region. The paper demonstrates that the present competition of power projection in the Indian Ocean is a power maximization strategy for the national security of each state. Using primary and secondary data available on China, India, and other states' policies and activities, the study finds that it is a policy failure of the Indo-Pacific, accelerating China's rise in the region. However, the Indo-Pacific partners are revamping their policies to check China's rise in the Indian Ocean region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. CREATIVE FREEDOM AND CENSORSHIP: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR OTT CONTENTS IN THE UK, INDIA, AND CHINA.
- Author
-
Kanojia, Siddharth
- Subjects
INTERNET content management systems ,CENSORSHIP ,FREEDOM of expression ,CIVIL rights ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DEGREES of freedom ,MASS media industry - Abstract
The emergence of over-the-top (OTT) services has lately revolutionized the way people consume media content. These services have emerged as a significant disruptor in the media industry in recent years. With the advent of OTT platforms, various concerns have arisen over the censorship and regulation of content on these platforms. Accordingly, this paper has examined the current trends in censorship and regulation of OTT content through the perusal of various legal and regulatory frameworks in the United Kingdom, India, and China. It has probed into cases of censorship and examined various aspects of civil and political liberties. The analysis has revealed a persuasive connection between the degree of freedom of expression and creative freedom dispensed in each region. Lastly, the paper has provided recommendations for policymakers and other stakeholders on balancing the need for freedom of expression and access to information with responsible content management and regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. A Response to Ian Linden.
- Author
-
Boyle, Nicholas
- Subjects
PAPER ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
The article discusses the book "A New Map of the World," by Ian Linden. Linden has already moved on since writing the book, and if the book has emphases and approaches in it that are not mine, the development the paper seems to show brings people into almost complete agreement. Linden now, for example, draws into the analysis the enormously significant cases of India and China, which together make up about 40% of the world's population. Nor does he now lay so much emphasis on the Asian collapses of 1978.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Who Reads Indian and Chinese LIS Articles on Mendeley? Scoping and Comparing User Categories Through Altmetrics.
- Author
-
Vysakh, C. and Rajendra Babu, H.
- Subjects
ALTMETRICS ,LIBRARY science ,LIBRARY public services ,DOCTORAL students ,INFORMATION science ,ACCOUNTING software - Abstract
Mendeley reader count is good evidence of the early impact of scientific output since it appears before citations. This paper aims to scope and compare Mendeley readers of Library and Information Science (LIS) articles published from India and China. Mendeley readership data for the highly cited 1,000 articles in Web of Science are extracted using Webometric Analyst for both countries and are analysed using Excel and SPSS. The findings reveal that LIS articles that are published from China got more readers as compared to LIS articles published from India with an excess of 97 readers per paper on Mendeley. The occupational status of readers tells that PhD students are the top readers for both the countries’ publications, followed by masters students. Discipline-wise readership shows that readers were spread across 29 different fields, with the highest readers from business, management and accounting, followed by computer science for both countries’ publications. Location-wise readership depicts that the top engaged readers are from the United States for both the countries’ publications. Finally, the study reports a positive association between citations and Mendeley bookmarks, justifying that Mendeley readership can be used to measure the early research impact of LIS scholarship in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Fighting monopolies: the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative, India, and the competition for the marketplace of international development.
- Author
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Palit, Amitendu and Bhogal, Preety
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL competition ,BELT & Road Initiative ,GREAT powers (International relations) ,MONOPOLIES ,SILK Road ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Employing insights provided by the theory of monopolistic markets in economics and Great Power behaviour in the discipline of international relations, this paper aims to provide an alternative understanding of India's refusal to join the BRI beyond the immediate bilateral security, domestic politics, and economic considerations in Sino-Indian relations. We argue that BRI is an effort by China to position itself as the leading firm in the market for international development – a space for long dominated by Western development providers. The paper argues that India's efforts to contest the BRI can be seen as a natural outcome of other rising powers resisting China's efforts to monopolize the development market. In doing so, it provides a template of why rising powers compete with each other in providing developmental aid even when cooperation may create mutual benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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