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Following the West, China exhibits a proactive attitude and conservative actions to developing entrepreneurial universities. This article deconstructs such a paradoxical approach by analysing the scholarly literature, policy discourses, and empirical data and their various perceptions of entrepreneurial universities in the Greater Bay Area (GBA). We conducted 71 interviews in four case universities to obtain empirical data for triangulation with the literature and policies. Our main research findings include the following: (1) there is a desire to introduce the concept of entrepreneurial universities from the West, along with their characteristics and aims; (2) China's policy discourse of excellence and pragmatism affects entrepreneurship education and technology transfer; and (3) an emerging identity of entrepreneurial universities is constrained by attitudes and barriers at the institutional level. China's perceptions and practices reflect a lack of sustainability of and fragmented approach to developing entrepreneurial universities, with strong implications for establishing entrepreneurial universities elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The n→π* interactions describing attractive force between lone pairs (lps) of nucleophile and carbonyl or polarized unsaturated bonds have recently attracted growing attentions in various disciplines. So far, such non‐covalent driving force are mainly concentrated to intramolecular systems. Intermolecular n→π* interactions in principle could produce fascinated supramolecular systems or facilitate organic reactions, however, they remain largely underexplored due to the very weak energy of individual interaction. This review attempts to give an overview of the challenging intermolecular n→π* interactions, much efforts emphasize the supramolecular systems, catalytic processes and spectroscopic measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of limited resources and economic development acting as dual bottleneck constraints, optimizing industrial layout structures has been a general trend in heavy industry. The visual supervision of heat source factories based on integrated multidimensional information is important for optimizing an industrial layout. Based on Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) I‐band 375‐m active fire product (VNP14IMG) data, point of interest data, enterprise attribute information and other data, combined with clustering regression, knowledge graphs (KGs), 3D geographic information systems, and other technical methods, the temporal and spatial variations in China's heat source industries are macroscopically analyzed, and a visual supervision platform for heat source industries with functions such as visualization, time‐series analysis, and knowledge discovery is established. The results show that: (1) overall, heat source factories exhibit a spatial pattern of dense in the east and sparse in the west, and the number of industrial heat source objects and the number of industrial fire hotspots decreased from 2013 to 2021, with rates of decline of 22.0 and 27.3%, respectively; (2) the enterprise KG, which contains basic enterprise information, dynamic enterprise risk information and enterprise equity structure information, can provide users with accurate and reliable enterprise knowledge; and (3) the remote sensing monitoring information platform for heat source factories performs well in terms of the discovery and management of heat source factories at large scale. In general, the platform constructed in this study can support the rapid monitoring and positioning of industrial heat sources over large areas to improve supervision in terms of finding problems and preventing risks and to provide a necessary reference for optimizing industrial spatial patterns and environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of implicit professional identity (IPI) and its relationship with explicit professional identity (EPI) and well-being of pre-service teachers. A total of 81 Chinese female pre-service teacher volunteers participated in the study, in which their IPI, EPI, and well-being were measured using the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT), the professional identification scale for pre-service teachers, and the short depression-happiness scale, respectively. The results indicated that (a) pre-service teachers had positive IPI; (b) the correlation between the measures of pre-service teachers' EPI and IPI was not significant; (c) IPI significantly predicted well-being negatively, while EPI positively predicted well-being; and (d) IPI moderated the relationship between EPI and well-being. In the weak IPI group, EPI did not significantly predict well-being; however, in the strong IPI group, EPI significantly predicted well-being positively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the passenger railway network is expanding and improving, the internal connections and interdependence in the network are rising. Once a sudden geological hazard occurs and damages the network structure, the train service is prone to large-scale halt or delay. A geographical railway network is modeled to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of the railway network as well as its vulnerability under typical geological hazards, such as earthquakes, collapses, landslides and debris flows. First, this paper modeled the geographical railway network in China based on the complex network method and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of the railway network. Then, the data of geological hazards along the railway that occurred over the years were crawled through the Internet to construct the hazard database to analyze the time–space distribution characteristics. Finally, based on the data of geological hazards along the railway and results of the susceptibility to geological hazards, the vulnerability of the geographical railway network was evaluated. Among these geological hazards, the greatest impact on railway safety operation came from earthquakes (48%), followed by landslides (28%), debris flows (17%) and collapses (7%). About 30% of the lines of the geographical railway network were exposed in the susceptibility areas. The most vulnerable railway lines included Sichuan–Guizhou Railway, Chengdu–Kunming Railway and Chengdu–Guiyang high-speed Railway in Southwest China, Lanzhou–Urumqi Railway and Southern Xinjiang Railway in Northwest China, and Beijing–Harbin Railway and Harbin–Manzhouli Railway in Northeast China. Therefore, professional railway rescue materials should be arranged at key stations in the above sections, with a view to improving the capability to respond to sudden geological hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring the resumption of work and production (RWP) is of great significance to the restoration of social order and the economy after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic. In this study, the most critical period of epidemic prevention and control and economic recovery was divided into four phases according to the changes in emergency response levels during the epidemic in China, and based on VIIRS I‐Band 375‐m active fire data (VNP14IMG), NO2 tropospheric vertical column density (TVCD) data, and intracity travel intensity data, the density‐based spatial clustering of applications with the noise logistic regression industrial heat source identification model, NO2 difference model, and urban relative recovery index were constructed to analyze work resumption at different phases. The results indicate that: (1) the production intensity of China's heat source enterprises decreased first and then exceeded the epidemic period compared with the same period in history. From phases 1 to 3, the heat source enterprise production intensity was lower than the same period in 2019 (the production intensities were 19,562.79, 22,462.57, and 38,466.89, respectively), and the reduction rates of production intensity were 27.5, 26.1, and 22.7%, respectively. In phase 4, enterprise production intensity achieved an increase of 7%. (2) The process of the RWP in China is closely related to NO2 TVCD. In the first three phases, significantly decreased emission sources of NO2 reduced the total value of NO2 by varying degrees in most provinces of the country. Correspondingly, in phase 4, the NO2 TVCD in some provinces recovered to the value of the same period in 2019, including typical industrial bases (Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, etc.) and economically developed coastal areas (Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, etc.). (3) In phase 3, the intracity travel intensity in all cities improved, and the city relative recovery index (RRI) rose across the board. In particular, the western cities were better than the eastern cities. Among them, the RRIs of most cities in southwest China (Sichuan, Yunnan) and northwest China (Gansu) were more than 90%. Notably, the recovery situation exhibited an obvious "siege phenomenon," and the recovery of core cities required a longer period. Overall, the sudden COVID‐19 epidemic seriously affected the production of Chinese enterprises. However, benefitting from rapid and effective epidemic prevention and control measures, the resumption of work and production has been a success. Our study provides guidance for economic recovery strategies during post‐pandemic stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purposes: The POPular Risk Score (PRiS), a pharmacogenetic-driven algorithm consisting of CYP2C19 genotype, platelet reactivity, and clinical risk factors, is developed to evaluate ischemic risk and guide dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DAPT in accordance with the PRiS in patients undergoing drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. Methods: A total of 1757 patients recruited in this cohort study were divided into four groups according to the PRiS and type of P2Y12 receptor inhibitor treatment at discharge. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, definite or probable stent thrombosis, and target vessel revascularization) during 1-year follow-up. The safety endpoints were defined by Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria as major bleeding (BARC 3a, 3b, 3c, and 5) and clinically relevant bleeding (BARC 2, 3a, 3b, 3c, and 5). Results: Among 1046 patients with PRiS < 2 and 711 patients with PRiS ≥ 2, 34.2% and 38.3% of them were treated with ticagrelor, respectively. The PRiS ≥ 2 was an independent predictor for the 1-year incidence of MACE (HR(95%CI): 2.09 (1.37–3.20), p = 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression indicated that in the PRiS ≥ 2 group, ticagrelor was superior to clopidogrel in reducing the risk of MACE (HR(95%CI): 0.53 (0.29–0.98), p = 0.042), without increasing the bleeding risk. On the other hand, in the PRiS < 2 group, clopidogrel treatment was related to a remarkably lower rate of BARC class ≥ 2 bleeding (HR(95%CI): 0.39 (0.20–0.72), p = 0.003), but comparable incidences of MACE and BARC class ≥ 3 bleeding during 1-year follow-up. Similar associations between P2Y12 receptor inhibitors and 1-year endpoints in the PRiS < 2 and PRiS ≥ 2 group could also be identified in propensity score-weighted analysis and propensity score-matched analysis. Conclusion: Tailored DAPT based on the PRiS could assist in improving the prognosis of patients undergoing DES implantation. Further randomized controlled trials are required to provide more evidence for PRiS-guided DAPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing the visualisation of floods is essential for users to understand disaster information. However, existing flood visualisation methods have some deficiencies like scarce scene content expression and difficulty obtaining disaster information quickly and lacked a semantic description of the disaster scenes. This study presents constraint rules of flood disaster scene modelling guided by disaster information to determine the disaster's content and correlation. We created a disaster fusion expression model to obtain the complete flood disaster scene which integrated basic geography scene, flood space-time process and disaster object models. Finally, we proposed a dynamic suitability visualisation method for the flood scene to increase the readability of disaster information. We applied the proposed model in the Danba County flood in Sichuan Province, China, to validate the model's performance effectiveness. The finding shows the variation range of flow velocity and flood depth at different monitoring points at a specific time, and also shows the disaster level of disaster objects in the study area. It indicates that the proposed method can effectively realise the fusion of 3D disaster scenes and the dynamic suitability visualisation of floods and help users understand floods quickly and get useful disaster information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The incidence of inborn errors of metabolism varies widely across countries. Very few studies have analyzed the incidence of these disorders in Mainland China. We aimed to estimate the overall and disease-specific incidences of inborn errors of metabolism in Chinese newborns and investigate the geographical distribution of these disorders. Methods: A national cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate newborn inborn errors of metabolism screening by tandem mass spectroscopy in Mainland China between 2016 and 2017. A total of 246 newborn screening centers were surveyed using a standardized questionnaire. We examined the cumulative and disease-specific incidences of inborn errors of metabolism in Mainland China as a whole and in different geographical locations. Results: Over 7 million newborns were screened and 2747 were diagnosed with inborn errors of metabolism, yielding an overall incidence of 38.69 per 100,000 births (95% confidence interval: 37.27–40.17). The most common disorders were amino acid disorders (17.14 per 100,000 births, 95% confidence interval: 16.21–18.13), followed by organic acid disorders (12.39 per 100,000 births, 95% confidence interval: 11.60–13.24) and fatty acid oxidation disorders (9.16 per 100,000 births, 95% confidence interval: 8.48–9.89). The overall and disease-specific incidence rates differed significantly across geographical locations (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The overall incidence of inborn errors of metabolism in Chinese newborns is relatively high. It is urgent to establish the recommended uniform screening panel for inborn errors of metabolism to guide the national and regional tandem mass spectroscopy newborn screening programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loess is one of the problematic soils with a worldwide distribution for its collapsibility. To study structural strength and parameters of collapsible loess, a number of double-oedometer tests on intact and remolded loess specimens, sampled from Xinjiang, western China, at different initial moisture contents were conducted. The collapse potential curve can be divided into three stages, and the curve at each stage represents the change of the loess internal structure during the collapse deformation process. Stage I: loess initial structure transforms into the secondary structure; Stage II: damage to the secondary structure; and Stage III: loess structure has been destroyed. Proceeding from the damage to loess anticompression capabilities resulting from soaking, a model is proposed to evaluate the structural strength and parameters of collapsible loess. The variation of loess structural strength with moisture content and vertical pressure is investigated, and the loess structural parameters under different conditions are determined. The results ought to enable geotechnical engineers to evaluate the structural strength, stability, and water sensitivity of collapsible loess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a histological subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma associated with a poor prognosis. This post-hoc pooled analysis aims to provide insight about the efficacy of pralatrexate monotherapy in a subset of twenty-nine patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) AITL drawn from two prospective registration trials completed in China and Japan. After a median of two prior lines of therapy, an overall response rate of 52% (15/29 patients; 95% CI 0.34, 0.70) was demonstrated. The estimated median duration of response, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 6.4 months (196 days), 5.0 months (151 days), and 18.0 months (548 days), respectively. Grades 1–3 mucositis was observed in twenty-three patients (79.3%); and hemato-toxicity in twenty-six (89.7%) patients. Results of this analysis corroborate with data from two previously reported US retrospective cohorts, supporting the potential benefits of pralatrexate monotherapy in patients with r/r AITL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Probiotics are known to be a potential agent for colorectal cancer (CRC) inhibition, but the precise mechanisms by which probiotic exert anti-tumorigenic effects remain to be explored. Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) Ren was isolated from centenarians living in Bama of China, which showed an anticancer potent in animal model of oral cancer. Here, we investigated the effect of LS on colorectal carcinogenesis and its putative mechanism. Oral administration of LS effectively suppressed the formation of dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced CRC in both initial and post-initial stages. Significant antiproliferation and proapoptotic effects were observed with inhibition of tumor formation by dietary intake of LS. Besides, LS metabolites inhibited growth, arrested cell cycle, and induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells. Furthermore, upon the treatment of LS, protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and the downstream proteins of cyclinD1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were significantly downregulated in both in vivo and in vitro tests. These results showed that LS inhibited the colorectal carcinogenesis through suppressing AKT signaling pathway, resulting in suppressing cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis. Our findings suggest that this probiotic may act as a prophylactic agent for CRC prevention. Key points • LS effectively prevented rat colorectal carcinogenesis induced by DMH. • LS modulated the proliferation and apoptosis in both in vivo and in vitro. • LS inhibited AKT phosphorylation and expressions of downstream cyclinD1 and COX-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrangea macrophylla, also known as big leaf hydrangea, is an economically valuable ornamental garden plant. From 2016 to 2018, a high incidence of leaf spot disease of hydrangea occurred in Hunan Province of China. Symptoms consisted of irregular to circular lesions, dark brown in color with gray-white centers and delimited by dark brown borders. The lesions further coalesced to form irregularly shaped necrotic areas and extended to the leaf apex resulting in leaf wilt. A fungus was consistently isolated from the symptomatic plants and identified as Corynespora cassiicola by morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses. Pathogenicity was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first report of C. cassiicola causing leaf spot on H. macrophylla in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the lack of nationwide epidemiological studies, congenital hypothyroidism (CH) incidence in China has increased. We aimed to evaluate the trends of CH and the possible reasons behind them. Data from screened newborns from the Chinese Newborn Screening Information System from 2012 to 2019 was collected. We applied the Bayesian hierarchical Poisson regression model and meta-analysis to estimate incidence or proportion over the years. The estimated CH incidence increased from 4.01 per 10,000 births in 2012 to 5.77 per 10,000 births in 2019. The average annual growth rate (ARG) of CH incidence for all provinces varied from 0.59 to 20.96%. The most rapid rise in incidence was observed in cases with an initial thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration of < 10 mIU/L. The meta-analysis results showed that the proportion of permanent CH increased by 0.024% (95%CI: 0.011%, 0.037%) annually. Each 1 mIU/L decrease in TSH cutoff value was associated with a 2.96% increase in CH incidence. In the same period, the proportion of premature CH cases increased from 6.60 to 9.10%, which was much higher than the increase in preterm births. A significant relationship was not found between provincial growth rates in screening coverage and provincial baseline incidences of CH. Conclusion: CH incidence has substantially increased in China. The slight adjustment of the TSH cutoff value and increasing preterm birth rate contribute to such a trend; however, the contribution is limited. What is Known: • An uptrend in congenital hypothyroidism (CH) incidence has been reported in many European and American countries in the last two decades; however, no studies have been conducted in China to explain the increased CH incidence. • We provide a detailed epidemiological report on the trends of CH during 2012–2019 in China, with an attempt to explore the reasons behind it. What is New: • This first-ever national-wide epidemiological report in China showed an uptrend in CH incidence with variations over regions and CH subtypes. The mild lowering of TSH cutoff values and the increasing preterm birth rate contributed to this uptrend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health monitoring is important for densely distributed urban infrastructures, particularly in cities undergoing rapid economic progress. Permanent scatterer interferometry (PSI) is an advanced remote sensing observation technique that is commonly used in urban infrastructure monitoring. However, the rapid construction of infrastructures may easily cause a loss of coherence for radar interferometry, inducing a low density of effective permanent scatterer (PS) points, which is the main limitation of PSI. In order to address these problems, a novel time-series synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) process based on the adaptive window homogeneous pixel selection and phase optimization (AWHPSPO) algorithm and thermal expansion linear model (TELM) is proposed. Firstly, for homogeneous point selection, information on both the time-series intensity and deformation phases is considered, which can compensate for the defects of insufficient homogeneous samples and low phase quality in traditional distributed scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DS-InSAR) processing. Secondly, the physical, thermal expansion component, which reflects the material properties of the infrastructures, is introduced into the traditional linear model, which can more rationally reflect the temporal evolution of deformation variation, and the thermal expansion coefficients can be estimated simultaneously with the deformation parameters. In order to verify our proposed algorithm, the Orange Island area in Changsha City, China, was selected as the study area in this experiment. Three years of its historical time-series deformation fields and thermal expansion coefficients were regenerated. With the use of high-resolution TerraSAR-X radar satellite images, a maximum accumulated settlement of 12.3 mm and a minor uplift of 8.2 mm were detected. Crossvalidation with small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SBAS-InSAR) results using Sentinel 1A data proved the reliability of AWHPSPO. The proposed algorithm can provide a reference for the control of the health and safety of urban infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since barrier lakes are affected by a highly changing and complex environment, it is always a great challenge to determine the proper actions that must be performed within a limited amount of time. Existing methods have some restrictions, such as the dispersed data resources and personnel, the loose model integration, and the complicated and unfriendly user interface, which results in low efficiency of dam-break risk assessment under emergency response conditions. These issues were addressed in this paper by constructing a collaborative virtual geographic environment (CVGE), which supports three levels of deeper applications including sharing of distributed resources, tightly geographic process simulation and visualisation analysis, and geographic collaboration. A virtual resource environment and mobile computing service were designed for the distributed resource sharing. A spatiotemporal process model based on cellular automata and parallel computing optimisation was proposed and integrated for real-time simulation and analysis of dam-break risk assessment of barrier lakes. A distributed virtual geographic scene and collaborative workflow were designed to improve the operational efficiency of the models with respect to initiation, computation, output visualisation and analysis. A prototype system was developed to support collaborative dam-break risk assessment of the Xiaojiaqiao barrier lake in Anxian County, Sichuan Province, China. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method could efficiently improve the efficiency of dam-break risk assessment on data supporting, model computation, and visualisation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Chemotherapy is the preferred treatment regimen for advanced lung cancer patients. This study investigated the health resources utilized by and medical expenses of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as the influence of various chemotherapy regimens on the final medical costs in China. The aim of this study was to provide physicians with a reference to use as the basis for their choice of treatment. Methods: Data were collected from the Shanghai Chest Hospital's medical charts and billing database. The collected patient information included the baseline characteristics, medical history, chemotherapy regimens, and medical costs, which were used to estimate the health resources utilized by patients and the cost of treatment. Results: This study included 328 patients, and the average total medical cost was $US14,165. This cost included drugs, which accounted for as much as 78.91 % of the total cost, and chemotherapy drugs, which accounted for 51.58 % of total drug expenses. The most frequently utilized chemotherapy drug was carboplatin, and the most expensive chemotherapy drug was erlotinib. In drug combinations, gemcitabine was utilized most frequently, the combination of gemcitabine and paclitaxel was the most expensive, and cisplatin was the least expensive drug. Epidermal growth factor receptor-positive patients were treated with targeted drug therapy (icotinib, erlotinib, and gefitinib). The use of recombinant human endostatin was often combined with a vinorelbine plus cisplatin regimen. Traditional Chinese medicines were the most frequently utilized non-chemotherapy drugs, and these drugs were also the most expensive. Conclusions: The final cost significantly depended on the specific chemotherapy regimen; thus, the rationale and cost of the chemotherapy regimen and adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered in patients with advanced NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., is one of the worst invasive weeds in the world. In the present study, the genome size of seven forms/biotypes of alligator weed from Argentina (native area), the USA (introduced area), and China (introduced area) was analyzed using flow cytometers; the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was cloned and sequenced. We found that the genome size of A. philoxeroides ranged from 5.72 to 8.50 pg/2C nucleus, consisting of four levels of genome and three kinds of ploidy. Among them, three levels and two kinds (tetraploid and hexaploid) were found in samples from Argentina, two levels and one kind (pentaploid) in US samples, and one level and one kind (hexaploid) in samples from China. Contrary to the significant variation in genome size, we found that the intraspecific differentiation of the ITS sequences in the seven forms/biotypes was extremely low, and that six of them shared ITS sequences with no or one single substitution. These results show that the change of genome size played a major role in the differentiation of A. philoxeroides, and that forms/biotypes with higher ploidy seem to have stronger invasive ability. Furthermore, the differences of A. philoxeroides in ploidy between samples from the USA and China showed that alligator weeds from these two invaded areas certainly have different native progenitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is currently in a key period of transformation and upgrading for its industrial infrastructure, and it is important to investigate the quantity, spatial distribution and production status of heat source industries to ensure effective supervision by environmental protection departments and to optimize the layout for regional industrial planning. In this study, based on the 2013–2019 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) I-band 375-m active fire data (VNP14IMG) product, a model combining density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) and logistic regression (LR) was adopted to identify industrial heat source objects in China, and the spatiotemporal patterns and trends of industrial objects at different levels were analyzed. The results indicate the following: (1) the VNP14IMG-based DBSCAN-LR identification model feasibly identifies industrial heat sources, and the accuracy of cross-validation is 93% and that of typical cities reaches as high as 92%; (2) The number of industrial heat source objects (NIHSO) in China from 2013 to 2019 exhibits a general downward trend, with the NIHSO values from 2013 to 2019 being 2673, 2608, 2374, 2273, 2284, 2317, and 2269, respectively; (3) the spatial pattern of regional industrial development is extremely unbalanced and can be characterized as being "dense in the north and sparse in the south". The industrial focus has shifted southwest, reflecting advances in the central and western regions achieved through industrial transfer; (4) the global spatial autocorrelation of industrial distribution is positive, and the correlation increases over time. The local correlation shows that the geographic concentration characteristics of "high-high" agglomeration in the north and "low-low" agglomeration in the west. • The VNP14IMG data and DBSCAN-LR method attain strong feasibility and robustness in the identification of large-scale IHSO. • The NIHSO in China has declined, but the production capacities of most heavy industries is increasing. • Long time series fire hotspot data can reveal the whole life cycle of heat source factory. • Objectively analyzed the change trend of the spatial pattern of China's industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the prevalence of pregnancies with neural tube defects (NTDs) in China between 2006 and 2008 and to find a better representative monitoring gestational age for total prevalence of NTDs by comparing the prevalence at or greater than 20, 22 or 28 weeks of gestation (abbreviated as P20, P22 and P28, respectively). Methods: The data were retrieved from the National Birth Defects Monitoring Network in China (the Network). All births were monitored on the prevalence of NTDs during the entire gestation period of 2006-2008. Results: The P28 only represents 34.6% of anencephaly, 70.8% of spina bifida, 53.3% of encephalocele and 53% of the combination of the three types of NTDs during the entire pregnancy. The P20 represents 75.8%, 94.7%, 86% and 85.4% in the above-mentioned categories, respectively. Of the NTDs diagnosed prenatally before 28 weeks of gestation, 45.3% were terminated electively. Conclusions: The P28 underrepresented 65.4% of anencephaly, 29.2% of spina bifida, 46.7% of encephalocele and 47% of the combined NTDs. The prevalence of NTDs that occurred at or greater than 20 weeks of gestation was more accurate than that at or greater than 28 weeks of gestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To evaluate the role of hospitalized delivery in reducing maternal deaths from obstetric hemorrhage in urban and rural areas of China. Design. Longitudinal, retrospective study and review of maternal deaths based on data from the Maternal and Child Health Surveillance System (MCHSS). Setting. The surveillance areas of Maternal and Child Health in China from 1996 to 2006. Sample. A total of 6 259 336 live births and 1 418 maternal deaths from hemorrhage. Methods: Data on maternal deaths were retrieved from the MCHSS. The leading factors contributing to these deaths were reviewed by three committees. Main Outcome Measures: Maternal mortality ratio (MMR), relative risk (RR), leading factors contributing to deaths. Results. The MMR due to hemorrhage significantly decreased with increasing hospitalized delivery rates in rural areas, but it did not decrease in urban areas. The RR of maternal deaths from hemorrhage in women with non-hospitalized delivery in comparison to hospitalized delivery were 2.52 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71∼3.70) in urban areas, and 5.52 (95% CI: 4.79∼6.36) in rural areas. The level of knowledge and skills of medical professionals was the leading factor contributing to 79.6% (urban) and 81.0% (rural) of the deaths during hospitalized delivery. Conclusion. The quality of obstetric care in hospitals has become one of the most important factors influencing the risk of maternal deaths from hemorrhage in China. The knowledge and skills of medical professionals need to be improved, especially in primary hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the trend in maternal mortality ratio (MMR), characteristics and causes of maternal deaths, and factors influencing the MMR in China between 1996 and 2005.Methods: Data used in this study are based on the nationwide maternal mortality surveillance system. Trend in MMR and cause-specific mortality were analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage trend test.Results: From 1996 to 2005, MMR was higher in rural areas than in urban areas; and highest in remote areas followed by inner lands and coastal regions. The overall MMR in China decreased from 64.1 per 100000 live births in 1996 to 47.6 per 100000 live births in 2005. MMR in rural areas, remote areas, and coastal regions showed a decreasing trend. The leading causes of maternal death were obstetric hemorrhage, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and amniotic fluid embolism. The mortality ratio of obstetric hemorrhage in rural areas and remote areas reduced significantly (P<0.001).Conclusion: The MMR in China displayed regional differences. Declines in rural areas and remote areas resulted from well-targeted programs by the Chinese government. Future interventions are recommended to target causes of maternal death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important variables that leads to effective individual and group tours is the tourism route planning approach, which enables tourists to engage with tourism with ease, speed, and safety. However, current methods of designing tourist routes have some glitches, such as relying only on external objectives to find the best route. In this paper, a novel urban tourism path planning method based on a multiobjective genetic algorithm is proposed. The main goal of this paper is to enhance the accuracy of the genetic algorithm (GA) by adopting new parameters and selecting the optimal tourism path by combining external and internal tourist site potentials. Moreover, the GA and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were used in our proposed approach to evaluate urban tourism route planning under multiple conflicting objectives. To visualize and execute the proposed approach, the geographic information system (GIS) environment was used. Our suggested approach has been applied to develop the tourist road network of Chengdu City in China. Compared with existing tourism path planning approaches, our proposed approach is more accurate and straightforward than other approaches used to choose routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of nutrients (N, P, Si, C) in the Wujiang River surface water was studied during the high-flow and low-flow periods in 2002. The results showed that nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) is the main form of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the Wujiang River Basin. It accounts for about 90% of DIN, The average NO3-N concentrations in the mainstream are 147.5 µM in the high-flow period and 158.0 µM in the low-flow period, respectively. The average concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) are 6.43 µM in the high-flow period and 4.18 µM in the low-flow period, respectively. Of the various forms of phosphorus, particulate phosphorus (PP) has the highest percentage (62.9%) of TP in the high-flow period. In the low-flow period, however, phosphate is the main form of phosphorus, which accounts for 49% of TP. With the Wujiangdu Reservoir as the boundary, the concentrations of DIN and phosphorus in the upper reaches are different from those in the lower reaches of the Wujiang River. As a whole, the concentrations of DIN and phosphorus are both higher in the low-flow period than in the high-flow period. The spatial and temporal variations of DIN and phosphorus concentrations suggested that DIN and phosphorus come from agricultural and domestic wastewaters and groundwaters and that the Wujiangdu Reservoir has an important impact on the concentrations and distribution of DIN and phosphorus in the Wujiang River. The distribution patterns of dissolved silica (DSi) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are similar. Both of them maintain no change in the whole course of the river and their concentrations (with the exception of the reservoir itself) are higher in the high-flow period than in the low-flow period. The average DSi and DOC concentrations in the mainstream are 85.4, 84.6 µM in the high-flow period and 60.8, 53.9 µM in the low-flow period, respectively. The concentrations of nutrients in most of the major tributaries are lower than in the mainstream. This suggested that the contributions of most tributaries are relatively small but importance should he attached to the influence of some individual tributaries such as the Qingshuijiang River and the Weng'an River on the mainstream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to evaluate the survival benefit of consolidative autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL). In this retrospective study, the ASCT group underwent consolidative ASCT after first-line therapy at 14 transplantation centers in China between January 2001 and December 2019. Data were collected over the same time frame for the non-ASCT group from the database of lymphoma patient records at Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute. A total of 120 and 317 patients were enrolled in the ASCT and non-ASCT groups, respectively, and their median ages were 43 years and 51 years, respectively. In the ASCT group, 101 patients had achieved complete remission (CR) and 19 patients had achieved partial remission at the time of ASCT. The median follow-up time was 40.2 months and 68 months, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 80.6% and 48.9% (p < 0.001) for the ASCT and non-ASCT groups, respectively. The beneficial effect of ASCT for OS remained even after propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis (81.6% vs 68.3%, p = 0.001). Among the 203 patients who were aged ≤ 65 years and achieved CR, ASCT conferred a significant survival benefit (3-year progression-free survival [PFS]: 67.4% vs 47.0%, p = 0.004; 3-year OS: 84.0% vs 74.1%, p = 0.010), and this was also maintained after PSM analysis (3-year PFS: 66.6% vs 48.4%, p = 0.042; 3-year OS: 84.8% vs 70.5%, p = 0.011). Consolidative ASCT improved the survival outcome of PTCL patients, even those who achieved CR after first-line therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We characterized a novel Bacillus thuringiensis isolate native to China (HS18-1) that shows a spherical crystal harboring two major proteins of about 70 and 130kDa, and contains three novel cry genes (cry4Cb1, cry30Ga1, cry54-type). Furthermore, the cry4Cb1 and cry30Ga1 genes were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3): pLysS. Insecticidal activity tests showed that the cry4Cb1 protein exhibited larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (Diptera) and the cry30Ga1 protein was toxic to both A. aegypti and P. xylostella (Lepidoptera). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: To examine the association between the Apgar score and neonatal mortality over gestational age in China and to explore whether this association changed when Apgar scores were combined at 1 and 5 min.Methods: Data for all singleton live births collected from 438 hospitals between 2012 and 2016 were used in this study. Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator adjusted for a complete set of confounders was used to describe the strength of the association between the Apgar score and neonatal mortality.Results: The relative risks of neonatal death-associated intermediate Apgar score at 5 min peaked at 39-40 weeks of gestation and subsequently decreased if the gestational age increased to 42 weeks or above, in contrast to the low Apgar score. Among both preterm and term new-borns with Apgar scores at 5 min, new-borns that were not small for gestational age had a lower mortality rate than those that were small for gestational age. The association between Apgar score and the neonatal mortality was even stronger when scores at 1 and 5 min were combined.Conclusions: Apgar score is not only meaningful for preterm new-borns but also useful for term new-borns, especially term new-borns that are not small for gestational age. Once the baby's Apgar score worsens, timely intervention is needed. There is still a gap between China and high-income countries in terms of sustained treatment of new-borns with low Apgar scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeted therapy with Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of patients with various B-cell malignancies. BTK inhibitors such as ibrutinib, zanubrutinib, orelabrutinib, and acalabrutinib have shown good clinical efficacy and better safety profiles than those of traditional chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy regimens. Multiple studies on new BTK inhibitors are ongoing, which may provide more therapeutic options for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Considering the unmet need of evidence on BTK inhibitors in all clinical settings and to standardize the use of BTK inhibitors available in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau regions, this consensus has been formulated for the treatment of various B-cell malignancies based on the clinical practice and available evidences on the use of BTK inhibitors. The recommendations of this consensus will provide guidance to physicians and clinical researchers on the effective treatment of B-cell malignancies with BTK inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bedrock weathered crust in front of the Altun Mountains in the Qaidam Basin, western China, is different from others because this is a salt‐lake basin, where saline water fluid infiltrates and is deposited in the overlying strata. A large amount of gypsum infills the bedrock weathered crust, and this has changed the pore structure. Using core observation, polarized light microscopy, electron probe, physical property analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy experiments, the characteristics of the weathered bedrock have been studied. There are cracks and a small number of dissolved pores in the interior of the weathered crust. Matrix micropores are widely developed, especially the various matrix cracks formed by tectonics and weathering, as well as the stress characteristics of small dissolved pores, and physical properties such as porosity and permeability. This 'dual structure' developed in the bedrock is important for guiding the exploration of the lake basin bedrock for natural gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal areas have become the primary location for nuclear power plant sites due to the convenience of seawater cooling. In China, the diffusion range of thermal discharge water has always been a hot research topic as the basis for sea use areas. The main physical process of heat loss in the numerical simulation of thermal discharge from power plants is heat exchange between the water surface and air. Currently, the methods for calculating this heat loss include the heat flux method and the water surface heat exchange coefficient method. Taking a power plant in Zhejiang as the research object, the MIKE 3 temperature–salinity module (heat flux method) and MIKE ECO Model (water surface heat exchange coefficient method) were used for modeling, and the diffusion of thermal discharge water under different modules was compared and analyzed. The results show that the calculated area of the water temperature rise envelope between the two modules differed significantly under the same conditions. The surface 4 °C temperature rise area, as calculated using ECO Model, was 45.8% smaller than that of the temperature–salinity module. The MIKE 3 temperature–salinity module can simulate the heat accumulation of water under thermal buoyancy, producing a significant thermal stratification phenomenon; the ECO module does not accurately represent the heat exchange process between the water surface and the air, and it does not adequately capture the significant vertical stratification that occurs in real-world scenarios. On this basis, this study not only lays a foundation for further exploring the impact of thermal discharge water from this powerhouse on the structure of surrounding marine biological communities and dissolved oxygen content in water bodies but also provides scientific evidence for the selection of modules when simulating thermal discharge water with the MIKE model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oil reserves of global basement reservoirs are 248 × 108 t and natural gas reserves are 2681 × 108 m3; they are crucial links in the future oil and natural gas exploration field and play an irreplaceable role in increasing oil and natural gas reserves and production. Based on research on the definition and classification of basement reservoirs, this study dissected three major basement reservoirs in China (i.e., the Dongping region located in the Qaidam Basin, the Bozhong 19-6 gas field located the Bohai Bay Basin, and the Central Uplift area of the Songliao Basin). The geological conditions and controlling factors of oil and natural gas accumulation in basement reservoirs in China are summarized. The results of this study are as follows: (1) Basement reservoirs can be classified into three distinct types, namely, the weathered carapace type, weathered inner type, and weathered composite type. They are characterized by a large burial depth, strong concealment, and huge reserves and are mostly distributed at the margins of continental plates and in zones with stratum intensive tectonic activity; (2) Basement reservoirs in different basins have different controlling factors. The basement reservoir in the Dongping region, located in the Qaidam Basin, has favorable geological conditions with laterally connected sources and reservoirs. In this reservoir, oil and natural gas have transferred along faults and unconformities to accumulate in uplifted areas, forming a weathered carapace-type basement reservoir controlled by structures. The Bozhong 19-6 gas field, which is situated in the Bohai Bay Basin, has favorable multiple hydrocarbon supplies of source rocks. Under the communication of faults and cracks, oil resources form a weathered inner type basement reservoir. In the Central Uplift area of the Songliao Basin, the basement reservoir exhibits a dual-sided hydrocarbon supply condition from the uplift. In this reservoir, oil and natural gas have transferred to traps through the fault and inner fracture system and have been properly preserved thanks to the extensive overlying cap rocks. It can be concluded that, after being attenuated by millions of years of weathering and leaching, basement rocks can form large-scale and medium-scale basement reservoirs with reserves of more than 100 million barrels in the presence of favorable geological conditions, such as a multi-directional hydrocarbon supply, a high brittle mineral content in the reservoirs, diverse reservoir spaces, and high-quality cap rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Azvudine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir are more extensively used to treat COVID-19 in China due to their earlier approval by the National Medical Products Administration. However, there has been a scarcity of research directly comparing the clinical outcomes between azvudine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir till now. We aimed to make a head-to-head comparison of the efficacy and safety of azvudine or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data collected from Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province between December 2022 and January 2023. All-cause mortality, risk of progressing to a critical condition, proportion with nucleic-acid negative conversion (PNANC), time to first nucleic-acid negative conversion (TFNANC), length of hospital stay and incidence of adverse events were systematically assessed as outcomes. Multi-model regression analysis, propensity-score-matching analysis, subgroup analysis and several sensitivity analyses were applied to compare these outcomes. Results: This study included a total of 1571 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, among whom 272 received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and 156 received azvudine. We found no significant differences in all-cause mortality (HR 1.41; 95% CI 0.56–3.56; P = 0.471), risk of progressing to critical COVID-19 (HR 1.67; 95% CI 0.78–3.60; P = 0.189), PNANC (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.69–1.09; P = 0.220), length of stay (β − 0.82; 95% CI − 2.78 to 1.15; P = 0.414) and adverse event rate (3.21% vs. 4.41%, P = 0.538) between the two groups, although azvudine was slightly less effective than nirmatrelvir-ritonavir. Meanwhile, the azvudine group exhibited a significantly longer TFNANC (β 2.53; 95% CI 0.76–4.29; P = 0.005) than the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir group. Results were similar for propensity-score matching and multiple sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Azvudine probably possessed comparable efficacy and safety to nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, although it was less effective than nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for some outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine whether the nationwide program 'Reducing maternal mortality and eliminating neonatal tetanus' contributed to the rapid decline in China's maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and neonatal tetanus elimination by enhancing hospital delivery, we compared MMR and neonatal tetanus incidence rate (NTR) reductions by province from 2000 to 2013. The difference-in-difference method was used to analyze the program effect. Long-term effects were analyzed relative to MMR and NTR in 2000 and 2002, respectively, while short-term effects in a given year were analyzed relative to MMR and NTR in the preceding year. The national program was associated with a faster decline in MMR in the long term. The rate of decline showed an inverse 'U' shape from 2000 to 2013, peaking in 2009. The program had a short-term effect in MMR reduction in 2005, 2007, and 2009. The program was also associated with faster decline in NTR in the short term at some time points, but this association was not consistent and was not found in the long term. In conclusion, the program accelerated decline of MMR from 2000 to 2013 but did not clearly reduce NTR at the province level. Therefore, this targeted program worked efficiently in resource-poor areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Upper Paleogene lacustrine fine-grained sandstones in the hinterlands of the northern Qaidam Basin mainly contain two sweet spot intervals. Fracture/fault, microfacies, petrology, pore features, diagenesis, etc., were innovatively combined to confirm the controlling factors on the reservoir quality of shallow delta-lacustrine fine-grained sandstones. The diagenesis of the original lake/surface/meteoric freshwater and acidic fluids related to the faults and unconformity occurred in an open geochemical system. Comprehensive analysis shows that the Upper Paleogene fine-grained sandstones were primarily formed in the early diagenetic B substage to the middle diagenetic A substage. Reservoir quality was controlled by fault systems, microfacies, burial-thermal history, diagenesis, hydrocarbon charging events (HCE), and abnormally high pressure. Shallow and deep double fault systems are the pathways for fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration. Sandstones developed in the high energy settings such as overwater (ODC) and underwater distributary channels (UDC) provide the material foundation for reservoirs. Moderate burial depth (3 000–4 000 m), moderate geothermal field (2.7–3.2 °C/100 m), and late HCE (later than E3) represent the important factors to protect and improve pore volume. Meteoric freshwater with high concentrations of CO2 and organic acids from thermal decarboxylation are the main fluids leading to the dissolution and reformation of feldspar, rock fragments, calcite and anhydrite cements. Abnormally high pressure caused by the undercompaction in a large set of argillaceous rocks is the key to form high-quality reservoirs. Abnormal pressure zones reduced and inhibited the damage of compaction and quartz overgrowth to reservoir pores, allowing them to be better preserved. A reservoir quality evaluation model with bidirectional migration pathways, rich in clay minerals, poor in cements, superimposed dissolution and abnormally high pressure was proposed for the ODC/UDC finegrained sandstones. This model will facilitate the future development of fine-grained sandstone reservoirs both in the Upper Paleogene of the Qaidam Basin and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The advanced extra‐nodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is highly aggressive and lacks effective treatment with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in CR1. Methods: Forty of 121 patients with advanced ENKTL from four Chinese hospitals between January 2006 to December 2021 who achieved first complete remission (CR1) and received at least 4 cycles chemotherapy, were enrolled for analysis. Twenty patients received ASCT as up‐front consolidation therapy (Group A), and 20 patients only received chemotherapy (Group B). Clinical features, treatment and follow‐up information were collected. Results: With a median follow‐up of 27 months (range, 4–188 months), the 2‐year overall survival (OS) in Group A, 61% (95% CI 37%–85%), was better than that in Group B, 26% (95% CI 2%–50%), p =.018. The 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) was 56% (95% CI 32%–80%) in Group A, 26% (95% CI 2%–50%) in Group B, p =.026. III–IV grade hematological toxicity was the most common adverse event. No treatment‐related deaths were observed in both groups. Conclusion: Up‐front ASCT could improve survival of advanced ENKTL patients in first complete remission, but need be confirmed by a prospective clinical trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The H9N2 avian influenza virus has spread to the whole world and become one of the dominant subtype influenza viruses in chickens in China. H9N2 virus could not only result in great economic losses by reducing egg production but also serve as a gene vector to provide its gene segments to other emerging severe influenza A viruses to cause higher mortality and more serious consequences. Thus, developing models to predict H9N2 status should be given priority. Our main aim was to use the machine learning method (XGBoost classification algorithm) and regular production data (laying rate and mortality) to predict the occurrence and development of H9N2 in laying hen houses and evaluate their performance in disease prediction. Additionally, we assessed the working ability of the framework with different time frames to predict H9N2 status in advance within a 3-day period. We found that this framework could work well in prediction with high accuracy and sensitivity, and with more information introduced into the model, more "don't care values" would be added into datasets to affect model performance by forming attribute noise. Besides, our study recommended efficient frameworks and models for H9N2 status prediction and provided practical potential uses in the livestock and poultry industry. The H9N2 avian influenza virus has become one of the dominant subtypes of avian influenza virus in poultry and has been significantly harmful to chickens in China, with great economic losses in terms of reduced egg production or high mortality by co-infection with other pathogens. A prediction of H9N2 status based on easily available production data with high accuracy would be important and essential to prevent and control H9N2 outbreaks in advance. This study developed a machine learning framework based on the XGBoost classification algorithm using 3 months' laying rates and mortalities collected from three H9N2-infected laying hen houses with complete onset cycles. A framework was developed to automatically predict the H9N2 status of individual house for future 3 days (H9N2 status + 0, H9N2 status + 1, H9N2 status + 2) with five time frames (day + 0, day − 1, day − 2, day − 3, day − 4). It had been proven that a high accuracy rate > 90%, a recall rate > 90%, a precision rate of >80%, and an area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic ≥ 0.85 could be achieved with the prediction models. Models with day + 0 and day − 1 were highly recommended to predict H9N2 status + 0 and H9N2 status + 1 for the direct or auxiliary monitoring of its occurrence and development. Such a framework could provide new insights into predicting H9N2 outbreaks, and other practical potential applications to assist in disease monitor were also considerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The RELIANCE study has demonstrated the activity and safety of relmacabtagene autoleucel (relma-cel) (JW Therapeutics [Shanghai] Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China), a CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell product, in patients with heavily pre-treated relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma (r/r LBCL). This study aimed to report the updated 2-year data of the RELIANCE study. The RELIANCE study (NCT04089215) was an open-label, multi-center, randomized, phase 1/2 registrational clinical trial conducted at 10 clinical sites in China. Adult patients with heavily pre-treated r/r LBCL were enrolled and received lymphodepletion chemotherapy followed by infusion of 100 × 106 or 150 × 106 relma-cel. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) at 3 months, as assessed by investigators. Secondary endpoints were duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety profiles. From November 2017 to January 2022, a total of 68 patients were enrolled, and 59 patients received relma-cel infusion. As of March 29, 2022, a total of 59 patients had a median follow-up of 17.9 months (range, 0.3–25.6). ORR was 77.59% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64.73–87.49) and complete response rate was 53.45% (95% CI, 39.87–66.66). Median DoR was 20.3 months (95% CI, 4.86–not reached [NR]) and median PFS was 7.0 months (95% CI, 4.76–24.15). Median OS was NR and 1-year and 2-year OS rates were 75.0% and 69.3%, respectively. Three (5.1%) patients experienced grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome and two (3.4%) patients had grade ≥3 neurotoxicity. The updated data of the RELIANCE study demonstrate durable response with and manageable safety profile of relma-cel in patients with heavily pre-treated r/r LBCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To date, there have been no studies examining non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in Chinese heroin-dependent patients (HDPs) receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). This study determined the prevalence of NSSI and its methods in HDPs under MMT as well as factors significantly associated with NSSI.Method: We recruited a cross-sectional sample of 652 HDPs from three MMT clinics in Wuhan, China. In total, 603 HDPs (92.5%) completed standardized questionnaires concerning demographic, clinical, and psychosocial data. The presence and methods of NSSI were assessed with two standardized questions.Results: The one-month prevalence of NSSI in Chinese HDPs receiving MMT was 13.8%. The most common three methods of NSSI were burning (59%), cutting (19.3%), and hitting (9.6%). Significant factors associated with NSSI in multiple logistic regression analysis were unemployment (OR [95%CI] = 2.54 [1.26, 5.10], P = 0.009), a short duration of MMT (OR [95%CI] = 1.04 [1.01, 1.09], P = 0.034), pain (OR [95%CI] = 2.31 [1.05, 5.35], P = 0.028), depression (OR [95%CI] = 4.32 [2.09, 9.00], P < 0.001), anxiety (OR [95%CI] = 3.74 [1.61, 8.70], P = 0.002), and loneliness (OR [95%CI] = 3.04 [1.27, 7.26], P = 0.012).Conclusions: NSSI is common among Chinese HDPs of MMT clinics. Services for HDPs in MMT settings should include periodic screening for NSSI, adequate pain treatment, and appropriate psychosocial treatment for depression, anxiety, and loneliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we estimated the trend of unintentional injury mortality among children aged under-five years in China during 2010–2020. Methods: Data were obtained from China's Under 5 Child Mortality Surveillance System (U5CMSS). The total unintentional injury mortality and all specific-causes unintentional injury mortality was calculated, annual numbers of deaths and live births were adjusted by a 3-year moving average under-reporting rate. The Poisson regression model and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method were used to calculate the average annual decline rate (AADR) and the adjusted relative risk (aRR) of the unintentional injury mortality. Results: In 2010–2020, a total of 7,925 unintentional injury-related deaths were reported in U5CMSS, accounting for 18.7% of all reported deaths. The overall proportion of unintentional injury-related deaths to total under-five children deaths has increased from 15.2% to 2010 to 23.8% in 2020 (χ2 = 227.0, p < 0.001), the unintentional injury mortality significantly decreased from 249.3 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2010 to 178.8 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2020, with an AADR 3.7% (95%CI 3.1–4.4). The unintentional injury mortality rate decreased from 2010 to 2020 in both urban (from 68.1 to 59.7 per 100,000 live births) and rural (from 323.1 to 230.0 per 100,000 live births) areas (urban: χ2 = 3.1, p < 0.08; rural: χ2 = 113.5, p < 0.001). The annual rates of decline in rural areas and urban areas were 4.2% (95%CI 3.4–4.9) and 1.5% (95%CI 0.1–3.3), respectively. The leading causes of unintentional injury mortality were suffocation (2,611, 32.9%), drowning (2,398, 30.3%), and traffic injury (1,428, 12.8%) in 2010–2020. The cause-specific of unintentional injury mortality rates decreased with varying AADRs in 2010–2020, except for traffic injury. The composition of unintentional injury-related deaths also varied by age group. Suffocation was the leading cause in infants, drowning and traffic injury were the leading causes in children aged 1–4 years. Suffocation and poisoning has high incidence in October to March and drowning has high in June to August. Conclusion: The unintentional injury mortality rate of children aged under-five years decreased significantly from 2010 to 2020 in China, but great inequity exists in unintentional injury mortality in urban and rural areas. Unintentional injuries are still an important public health problem affecting the health of Chinese children. Effective strategies should be strengthened to reduce unintentional injury in children and these policies and programmes should be targeted to more specific populations, such as rural areas and males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gunshot residues (GSR), cartridge projectiles, and casings are frequently encountered evidence in gun‐related forensic investigations. However, in circumstances where the investigation of striation marks is impossible, such as unrecovered or deformed projectiles and cartridge casings, GSR deposited on the hands or clothes of the shooter and victim‐related items can provide information to establish a link between the suspect, the firearms used, and the victim. Since the formula of primers used by all cartridge manufacturers in China is identical, links based on the conventional morphological and compositional analysis of GSR are difficult to establish. However, the abundance of lead isotopes in primer components of lead styphnate varies significantly, and a fundamental understanding of these differences may facilitate the validation of primer (p)GSR evidence in forensic investigations. Here, 44 pGSR samples were characterized by Pb isotope ratios of 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb using laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. There was no obvious mass fractionation of the lead isotope ratios of the primers from individual cartridges analyzed before and after the shooting process, thereby establishing a basis for the comparison of pGSR and unfired cartridges. Evaluation of the results using univariate likelihood ratio (LR) computations revealed low rates of misleading evidence (<0.53%) The results demonstrated that lead isotope ratio analysis of pGSR and LR predictions can provide a practicable method for forensic cartridge discrimination and individualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Snakebite is a global public health concern, which often occurs in tropical and subtropical underdeveloped areas, but it is often neglected. In the southern China, Naja naja atra (Chinese cobra) is a common venomous snake that causes swelling and necrosis of local tissues, even amputation and death. Currently, the main therapy is the administration of Naja atra antivenom, which greatly reduces mortality. However, the antivenom is not particularly effective in the improvement of local tissue necrosis. Clinically, antivenom is mainly administered intravenously. We speculated that the method of injection influences the efficacy of antivenom. In this study, the rabbit model was used to explore the effects of different antivenom injection methods on systemic and local poisoning symptoms. If topical injection of antivenom contributes to ameliorate tissue necrosis, then we need to reconsider the use of Naja atra antivenom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a growing concern and a challenge for maternity care providers as the prevalence of hypertension continues to increase. However, optimal management of HDP is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the differences in adverse fetal outcomes among women with different subtypes of HDP and different blood pressure (BP) levels, to provide evidence-based management of HDP. Methods: We obtained data from China's National Maternal Near-Miss Surveillance System from 2012 to 2020. Associations between BP management and adverse fetal outcomes, stratified by the four subtypes of HDP, were assessed using logistic regression analysis with a robust variance estimator. Results: For the period, a total of 393,353 pregnant women with HDP were included in the study; 8.51% had chronic hypertension, 2.27% had superimposed preeclampsia, 50.17% had preeclampsia or eclampsia, and 39.04% had gestational hypertension. The BP levels at delivery admission were mostly (61.14%) of non-severe stage 2 (systolic BP 140–159 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP 90–109 mm Hg) hypertension by American Heart Association classification. A high rate of adverse fetal outcomes was observed among women with HDP, especially among those aged < 20 or > 35 y or those diagnosed with superimposed preeclampsia. Compared with those with normal BP levels at delivery admission, we found an upward curve with increased risk among pregnant women with more severe BP levels, including the risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) fetus. The odds ratios (ORs) of stillbirth, neonatal death, and low Apgar scores associated with severe stage 2 hypertension increased significantly. In addition, the association between BP at admission and fetal outcomes differed among women with varying HDP subtypes. Pregnant women with preeclampsia or eclampsia had an increased risk for preterm birth (adjusted OR [aOR], 1.33 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.07 ~ 1.65]) and SGA (aOR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.10 ~ 1.71]) even when the admission BP was at stage 1 level. Conclusion: Greater attention should be paid to cases involving preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension and pregnant women aged < 20 or > 35 y to mitigate the burden of adverse fetal outcomes caused by HDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents population data of STR loci in Chinese Han population from north of Guangdong Sheng, China. Sufficiency of the size of the study population for the purpose of the study; Reasons behind the selection of the Chelex-100 protocol during extraction of genomic DNA; Sensitivity and reliability of the PCR system provided by Applied Biosystems.

What is known and objective: Anti‐CD19 CAR‐T cell therapy is effective in B‐cell lymphoma. However, it is rarely used in lymphoma combined with other malignant tumours. Case description: A relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (r/r FL) patient underwent anti‐CD19 CAR‐T cell therapy and achieved complete response to lymphoma. However, gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) was diagnosed during the cellular therapy. After infusion of CAR‐T cells, he received curative treatment for GAC, and maitained complete response in both r/r FL and GAC after the treatment. What is new and conclusion: Anti‐CD19 CAR‐T therapy is an effective treatment for r/r FL, also provided opportunity for the sequential therapy of GAC, and remained significant quality of life afterwards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current guidelines recommend maintaining serum potassium levels between 4.0 and 5.0 mEq/L (1 mEq/L = mmol/L) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, these guidelines are based on studies conducted before the β blocker and reperfusion era. We retrospectively analyzed 6613 patients diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who presented without renal insufficiency. Patients were categorized into 5 groups according to mean serum potassium levels: <3.5, 3.5 to <4.0, 4.0 to <4.5, 4.5 to <5.0, and ≥5.0 mEq/L. Patients with potassium levels of 4.0 to <4.5 mEq/L had the lowest predefined event rates, which were 6.4% for 7-day malignant arrhythmia, 3.7% for 7-day mortality, and 5.3% for 30-day mortality. Compared with the reference group (4.0 to <4.5 mEq/L), multivariate regression analysis revealed significantly higher 30-day mortality risk in patients with potassium level of 4.5 to <5.0 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.98; P = .002) and even higher risk in patients with potassium level of ≥5.0 mEq/L (HR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.22-2.66; P = .002). The lowest 30-day mortality was observed in patients with STEMI having potassium levels between 4.0 and 4.5 mEq/L, and a level >4.5 mEq/L significantly increased mortality risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the development of assisted reproductive technology, the twinning rate in China has been increasing. However, little is known about twinning from 2014 onwards. In addition, previous studies analysing optimal gestational times have rarely considered maternal health conditions. Therefore, whether maternal health conditions affect the optimal gestational time remains unclear.Methods: Data of women delivered between January 2012 and December 2020 were collected through China's National Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System. Interrupted time series analysis was used to determine the rates of twinning, stillbirth, smaller than gestational age (SGA), and low Apgar scores (< 4) among twins in China. To estimate the risk of each adverse perinatal outcome for separate gestational weeks, a multivariate generalised linear model was used. Infants born at 37 weeks of gestational age or foetuses staying in utero were used as reference separately. The analyses were adjusted for the sampling distribution of the population and the cluster effect at the hospital and individual levels were considered.Results: There were 442,268 infants enrolled in this study, and the adjusted rates for twinning, stillbirth, SGA, and low Apgar scores were 3.10%, 1.75%, 7.70%, and 0.79%, respectively. From 2012 to 2020, the twinning rate showed an increasing trend. Adverse perinatal outcomes, including stillbirth, SGA, and low Apgar scores showed a decreasing trend. A gestational age between 34 and 36 weeks decreased most for rate of stillbirth (average changing rate -9.72%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -11.41% to -8.00%); and a gestational age of between 37 and 38 weeks decreased most for rates of SGA (average changing rate -4.64%, 95% CI -5.42% to -3.85%) and low Apgar scores (average changing rate -17.61%, 95% CI -21.73% to -13.26%). No significant difference in changes in twinning rate or changes of each perinatal outcome was observed during periods of different fertility policies. Infants born at 37 weeks of gestation had a decreased risk of stillbirth, SGA, and low Apgar scores. Maternal antepartum or medical complications increased the risk of SGA and low Apgar scores in different gestational weeks.Conclusion: China's twinning rate showed an increasing trend, while adverse perinatal outcomes decreased from 2012 to 2020. Fertility policy changes have had little effect on the twinning rate or the rate of adverse perinatal outcomes such as stillbirth, SGA, or low Apgar scores. The optimal gestational age for twins was 37 weeks. Women pregnant with twins and with antepartum or medical complications should be cautious due to an increased risk of SGA and low Apgar scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pertuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody for the treatment of breast cancer. HLX11 is a biosimilar of pertuzumab developed by Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc. We conducted a bioequivalence study for HLX11 and pertuzumab (United States [US]-, European Union [EU]-, and China [CN]-approved products). Objectives: This study compared the biosimilarity in pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and immunogenicity between HLX11 and reference pertuzumab (approved in the US, the EU, and CN) in healthy Chinese male participants after a single infusion and further characterized the PK profile of HLX11. Methods: Eligible individuals were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive a single dose of 420 mg HLX11, US-, EU-, or CN-pertuzumab via intravenous infusion over 60 min. The primary endpoints were maximum serum drug concentration (Cmax), area under the serum concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–t), and AUC from time 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞). PK bioequivalence was established if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios of the primary endpoints were between 80.0 and 125.0%. Secondary endpoints included other PK parameters, safety, and immunogenicity. Results: A total of 160 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to each group (n = 40 per group). The 90% CIs of the geometric mean ratios of the primary endpoints were all within the prespecified equivalence margins (HLX11 vs. pertuzumab [US-, EU-, CN-approved products]: Cmax 97.03–115.06%, 91.39–109.80%, 94.53–110.65%; AUC0–t 87.65–99.68%, 87.07–100.79%, 86.29–101.09%; AUC0–∞ 87.66–99.90%, 87.54–101.05%, 89.23–103.20%). The incidence of adverse drug reactions was comparable across the four groups. The presence of anti-drug antibodies or neutralizing antibodies had no obvious effect on PK. Conclusion: The PK, safety, and immunogenicity of HLX11 were highly similar to those of reference pertuzumab (US-, EU-, CN-approved products). The established bioequivalence supports further clinical trials of HLX11 in cancer treatment. Trial Registration: This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04411550) and Chinadrugtrials.org.cn (CTR20200618). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a unique sub-type of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). We aimed to evaluate treatment programs and prognostic factors of 121 newly diagnosed patients with AITL in China from January 2001 to December 2018. The median age was 58 years with male predominance. Bone marrow involvement appeared in only 8.3% of patients, which was different from the previously published literature. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 29.7% and 44.0%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that involvement of >5 nodal areas, age and Beta-2 microglubulin were highly predictive of OS but only the involvement of fewer than five nodal areas was significant for PFS. We identified a novel prognostic model including the three factors that may be applied in clinical practice and offer an alternative to IPI and PIT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is lack of data about patient characteristics, practice patterns, and long-term adverse outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) attending emergency departments (EDs) in China. A total of 2016 patients from 20 representative EDs were included. During 1 year, all-cause mortality was 291 (14.6%) cases, stroke/noncentral nervous system systemic embolism rate was 159 (8.0%) cases, and major bleeding was 26 (1.3%) cases. Heart failure, the major cause of mortality, accounted for 43.0% of deaths. Of 375 (18.6%) patients who used warfarin at baseline, only 217 (57.9%) patients were still on anticoagulation therapy during 1-year follow-up. Compared with the patients who continued on warfarin, the mortality rate was higher in those who did not continue (15.9% vs 5.5%, P < .001). Patients seen in ED with AF appear to have a high incidence rate of long-term all-cause mortality and inadequate anticoagulation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonium nitrate (AN) is one of the most commonly used explosives in criminal cases. The comparison and source‐tracing of AN is important for investigation of attribution and fingerprinting of an explosive used at different events. The stable isotope signature of AN is an important index for comparison and tracing. However, the characteristics of the stable nitrogen isotopic ratios of AN (δ15NNH4NO3) alone are not sufficient to achieve a fine comparison between different AN samples. To increase the comparison index and further improve the discriminability between stable nitrogen isotopic ratios of different ANs, a method of isolation and analysis of nitrate ions in AN was established using stable‐isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The method was based on the principle that strong alkali react with AN to produce ammonia and nitrate. After the isolation, stable nitrogen isotopes of nitrate ions (δ15NNO3) were obtained using IRMS, and then the stable nitrogen isotopes of ammonium ions from AN (δ15NNH4) was calculated according to the principle of mass balance. The results show that the method is effective for the isolation of nitrate ions without notable isotope fractionation. The developed method was applied to analyze and discriminate AN samples from eight different cities in China. Three samples out of the initial eight AN samples with similar δ15NNH4NO3 values were further distinguished by their δ15NNH4 and δ15NNO3 values. The isolation and stable‐nitrogen isotopic analysis method developed for nitrate ions in AN is simple and effective, thereby increasing the discriminability of the stable isotope ratios in AN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]