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Employee share ownership offers the workforce an opportunity to participate in the growth of their company via two mechanisms: profit sharing and power sharing. Profit sharing has been widely studied in the academic literature. Power sharing, on the other hand, has received little attention—notably in the form of the presence of a director representing the interests of employees who own shares on governance bodies. We study 10 French companies with employee shareholder representation on governance bodies, and our findings reveal the dual nature of the role. On the one hand, the participation of employee shareholders in governance bodies seems to have an influence on the disciplinary, partnership, cognitive and behavioural levels. On the other hand, it can be a source of entrenchment, as tensions that are specific to this little-known mandate reflect tensions within the company itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the demand of small-series production and quick response become more and more important in textile supply chains. To meet the increasing trend of customization in garment production, forecast based supply chain model is not suitable any more. Demand-driven garment supply chain is developed and employed more and more. However, there are still many defects in current model for demand-driven supply chains, e.g. long lead time, low efficiency etc. Therefore, in this study we proposed a new collaborative model with central order processing system (COPS) to optimize current demand-driven garment supply chain and improve multiple supply chain performances. Common and important supply chain collaboration strategies, including resource sharing, information sharing, joint-decision making and profit sharing, were merged into this system. Discrete-event simulation technology was utilized to experiment and evaluate the new collaborative model under different conditions based on a real case in France. Multiple key performance indicators (KPIs) were examined for the whole supply chain and also for individual companies. Based on the simulation experiment results, we found that new proposed collaborative model gain improvements in all examined KPIs. New model with COPS performed better under high workload condition than under low workload condition. It can not only increase overall profit level of the whole supply chain but also individual profit level of each company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy trilemma, together with energy system liberalisation and development of smart grid technologies, are increasing interest in and the potential of distributed multi-energy systems (DMES), for instance from districts or communities, to provide demand response (DR). However modelling and assessment of such systems is not straightforward given the complex physical and commercial aspects, including the effect of aggregation and relationships between retailers/aggregators and the districts in which DR resources are situated. Given this motivation, this paper introduces a novel and powerful 'transactive energy' modelling and assessment framework for DMES. The framework includes: a DMES stochastic optimisation model with a flexible and scalable approach for modelling aggregation useful for both technical and economic analysis; a modular and extensible value mapping methodology for identifying transactive energy price signals and cash flows for different energy system actors; a profit sharing model; and an economic assessment model based on fundamental cost-benefit analysis. The framework is illustrated through analysis of DR business cases on a real district in France. Possible extensions of the transactive energy value mapping approach to upstream and downstream activities and to different energy sectors, as well as the advantages of using the framework in regulatory and policy design, are discussed. • Transactive energy modelling and assessment for demand response business cases. • Flexible and scalable modelling of aggregation for distributed multi-energy systems. • Includes a novel, modular and extensible transactive energy value mapping model. • Consumer/retailer-aggregator profit sharing model introduced. • Demonstrated on a real case study of a smart district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors investigate the effects on absenteeism of two types of employee sharing plans--profit-sharing and employee share ownership--in 127 French firms over the years 1981-91. Both types of plan were associated with statistically significant reductions in absenteeism. Most effective was the presence of a share ownership plan by itself (not in combination with profit-sharing), which was associated with a reduction in employee absence of approximately 14%. The presence of both plans together reduced absence by about 11%, and the presence of only a profit-sharing plan reduced absence by about 7%. Among firms in which both types of plan were present, a given sharing plan reduced absence more effectively when it was introduced second than when it was introduced first; in fact, where employee share ownership already existed, the introduction of profit-sharing actually increased absence slightly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from large-scale establishment surveys in Britain and France, we show that incentive pay for non-managers is more widespread in France than in Britain. We explain this finding in terms of the ‘beneficial constraint’ arising from stronger employment protection in France, which provides an impulse to develop incentive pay; employer networking activities in France, which facilitate joint learning about its development and operation; and government fiscal incentives for profit-sharing, which reduce the cost of its operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Searching for flexible and competitive remuneration, financial participation has come into focus for both practitioners and scientists. The question of determinants and outcomes of financial participation schemes has been of special interest. Although many excellent studies have been conducted recently, further theory-based and empirically tested research would enrich our understanding of financial participation. Taking the examples of three European countries, namely Great Britain, France and Germany, we examine the explanatory power of neoinstitutionalist arguments in discussing financial participation. The hypotheses generated are tested empirically based on the data of the Cranfield Network on International Strategic Human Resource Management (Cranet). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

France has one of the most extensive sets of legislative provisions in favour of profit-sharing and one-third of all non-government employees are covered by at least one subsidised scheme. Subsidised, regulated schemes include statutory profit-sharing (participation), which is compulsory in all firms with 50 employees or more, and voluntary profit-sharing (intéressement). This paper assesses the effects of voluntary profit-sharing on total factor productivity in small and large firms and the importance of the technological context in which the schemes are implemented. A production function is estimated on a representative, five year unbalanced panel of around 5000 French firms a year in industry and services, controlling for market power, skills and pay levels. Voluntary profit-sharing is found to significantly increase total factor productivity and to affect the shape of the technology. The effect of the voluntary scheme is greater in firms also required to have a statutory scheme. In these larger firms, profit-sharing and close supervision of blue collar and clerical employees may have conflicting effects if they are combined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monsieur Dubreuil, who is now on the staff of the International Labour Office, began his working life as an industrial employee in France, and subsequently worked for fifteen months in American factories in order to obtain first-hand knowledge of American industrial conditions. His experiences are described in ‘Standards’ and ‘Nouveaux Standards.’ In the present article he points out that the only people who can devote themselves wholeheartedly to their work are employers, and that profit-sharing schemes fail to create the same spirit among employees because the latter are unable to take a long view, or to see how their own activities can affect the success of the business as a whole. He suggests that this difficulty could be overcome by subdividing a concern into relatively self-contained units, thereby reducing the scale of the enterprise within the comprehension of the average worker, and enabling him to feel some measure of personal responsibility for the success of his department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the development of co-operative production in France and England. The second phase of co-operation, marvelously developed in England, is but little known in France, though it is already beginning to appeal to the socialistic imagination of the distributive societies in Belgium. As yet, there is nothing in France corresponding to the wholesale societies of England; but a movement at this moment on foot at Paris gives reasonable grounds for anticipating the development of a French wholesale some time in the twentieth century. The third form needs but a word of explanation. It is simply an extension of what is known in France as deferred participation; that is to say, of the various schemes of profit-sharing which retain a part or the whole of the dividend allotted to labor for the purpose of forming provident or pension funds. Deferred co-operation, therefore, is a still further application of more or less involuntary thrift to the gradual acquisition of capital shares by the accumulation of a portion of the dividends allotted to employees.

The article offers a look at France's move in Islamic finance which can be explained by considering the economic context and the British experience. It is noted that French authorities are planning to limit as much as possible the tax costs related to specific and more commonly used Islamic finance transactions. The most important principles of the modern Islamic financial framework include the prohibition of the payment or receipt of interest and the importance of profit and loss sharing. French laws also contain similar mechanisms to Islamic finance principles.

Discusses several labor briefs from around the world compiled as of November 1967. System of mandatory profit sharing in France; Campaign to increase productivity in Great Britain; Results of fringe benefits survey in West Germany.