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Motivated by the similarities between the properties of Z-matrices on $$R^{n}_+$$ and Lyapunov and Stein transformations on the semidefinite cone $$\mathcal {S}^n_+$$ , we introduce and study Z-transformations on proper cones. We show that many properties of Z-matrices extend to Z-transformations. We describe the diagonal stability of such a transformation on a symmetric cone by means of quadratic representations. Finally, we study the equivalence of Q and P properties of Z-transformations on symmetric cones. In particular, we prove such an equivalence on the Lorentz cone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]