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1. Effects of elevated CO2 on feeding responses of biological control agents of Pontederia crassipes.

Author

Paper, M. K., Righetti, T., Raubenheimer, S. L., Coetzee, J. A., Sosa, A. J., and Hill, M. P.

Subjects
*BIOLOGICAL weed control, *WATER hyacinth, *AQUATIC weeds, *ORTHOPTERA, *BIOLOGICAL pest control agents, *PHOTOSYNTHETIC rates, *PLANT-water relationships
Abstract

Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) and rising temperatures will have far‐reaching effects on global plant‐insect interactions, yet their implications for future biological control programs are not fully understood. Studies have shown that elevated CO2 will affect insect feeding guilds differently and these responses can be predicted with some confidence. Water hyacinth, Pontederia crassipes Mart. (Pontederiaceae), is a native and representative species of the Del Plata wetlands (Argentina) that invades outside of its native environment. It is considered one of the world's worst aquatic weeds and a target for biological control. In this study, water hyacinth plants were grown under two CO2 concentrations – current (400 p.p.m.) or elevated (800 p.p.m.) –, with and without two biocontrol agents representing different feeding guilds, the leaf‐chewing Cornops aquaticum Brüner (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and the phloem‐feeding Megamelus scutellaris Berg (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Under eCO2 concentration, photosynthetic rate, total dry weight, and relative growth rate of P. crassipes acclimated to eCO2 conditions and plants showed very little CO2 fertilization response in eutrophic water. Insect herbivory varied depending on feeding guilds at eCO2; however, P. crassipes growth responses increased when exposed to insect herbivory. Chewing herbivory by C. aquaticum was consistent across CO2 conditions, whereas the feeding by M. scutellaris increased substantially at eCO2. These results indicate that successful biological control of P. crassipes under conditions of elevated CO2 might rely on phloem‐feeding insects, with chewers playing a lesser role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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2. Bioecological aspects of the common black field cricket, Gryllus assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in the laboratory and in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) plantations

Author

Leonardo Rodrigues Barbosa, Pedro José Ferreira-Filho, Carlos Frederico Wilcken, Wagner de Souza Tavares, Jacyr Mesquita Alves, José Cola Zanuncio, Marcus Vinicius Masson, Bracell Ltd., PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), and Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, bioecology field observation forest pest Gryllides Grylloidea laboratory rearing, Insecta, Gastrimargus, Arthropoda, forest pest, Orthoptera, Myrtaceae, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Forest pest, Gryllus assimilis assimilis, Gryllidae, Magnoliopsida, Gryllus, Gryllus assimilis, Bioecology, lcsh:Zoology, laboratory rearing, Animalia, lcsh:QL1-991, Gryllides, Grylloidea, Plantae, field observation, Gryllus pennsylvanicus, Gastrimargus marmoratus, Eucalyptus, biology, Myrtales, bioecology, Laboratory rearing, biology.organism_classification, Acrididae, Field cricket, 010602 entomology, Tracheophyta, Insect Science, Acridoidea, Field observation
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T00:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-05-29 The common black field cricket, Gryllus assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), damages young plants of red cedar, Juniperus virginiana (Cupressaceae); strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa (Rosaceae); sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum (Poaceae); teak, Tectona grandis (Lamiaceae); upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae); and, mainly, Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae). The objective of this study was to investigate the biological and behavioral parameters of this insect in the laboratory and in Eucalyptus spp. plantations in Inhambupe, Bahia State, Brazil. The incubation period and the viability of G. assimilis eggs were 11.87 days and approximately 22%, respectively. The duration of the nymphal stage was 62.34 days with approximately 60% of the nymphs obtained in the laboratory being females. The average number of egg batches per female, eggs per female, and eggs per batch per female of this insect were 25.50, 862.17, and 34.65, respectively. G. assimilis females lived for 76.50 days in the adult stage, and 138.34 days in total, from egg through nymph to adult. Males produced three characteristic sounds: one for the marking of territory, one for courtship, and one when alone. G. assimilis fed primarily on weeds but, in their absence, it damaged young Eucalyptus spp. plants. This paper presents important data on the biology and behavior of G. assimilis; this information may encourage additional biological research, laboratory rearing, and integrated management of this pest. Bracell Ltd., rua Dr. José Tiago Correa, s/n°, bairro Alagoinhas Velha Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd. (APRIL) PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP) Departamento de Ciências Ambientais Universidade Federal de São Carlos Embrapa Florestas Departamento de Proteção Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Proteção Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”

Published
2020