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The authors comment on a study by Durston and colleagues in this issue, which sets out to test a purported developmental shift from "diffuse" to "focal" brain activity during performance of a response inhibition task. The study aims to compare age-effects measured between two groups with those detected using two measures of the same group at different ages. The authors discuss the potential benefits of longitudinal versus cross-sectional studies in developmental functional neuroimaging from the perspective afforded by their own work on cognitive development using functional magnetic resonance imaging.