259 results
Search Results
2. Inquiring the impact of rural-urban migration, construction sector, and agriculture irrigated land on environmental degradation: insights from urbanized Asian countries.
- Author
-
Guoru F, Hanif MH, and Yousaf US
- Subjects
- Population Dynamics, Asia, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Economic Development, Agriculture, Environmental Pollution
- Abstract
The present study investigates the influence of rural-urban migration, construction sector share, and agriculture-irrigated land on environmental quality in urbanized Asian nations. For analysis, panel data from seven highly urbanized economies from 1996 to 2020 is utilized. The study employed an augmented mean group (AMG) estimator to find short and long-run results. The empirical discoveries depict that rural-urban migration increases energy demand in urbanized areas and significantly contributes to deteriorating environmental quality. The findings also reveal that the expansion of construction sectors is a significant source of high cement production, which also increases carbon emissions and environmental pollution by increasing the concentration of particulate matter in the atmosphere. The findings also exposed the role of agriculture-irrigated land, contributing to carbon emissions in urbanized Asian economies. The study also investigated the impact of the square term of irrigated agricultural land on environmental deterioration, revealing that adding agricultural land will further intensify environmental degradation by increasing carbon emissions in the atmosphere. A policy framework to reduce environmental damage in Asian economies caused by rural-to-urban migration, the building industry, and irrigated agricultural land was recommended based on the study's findings., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Modeling flood susceptibility zones using hybrid machine learning models of an agricultural dominant landscape of India.
- Author
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Saini SK, Mahato S, Pandey DN, and Joshi PK
- Subjects
- India, Asia, Machine Learning, Floods, Agriculture
- Abstract
Flooding events are determining a significant amount of damages, in terms of economic loss and also casualties in Asia and Pacific areas. Due to complexity and ferocity of severe flooding, predicting flood-prone areas is a difficult task. Thus, creating flood susceptibility maps at local level is though challenging but an inevitable task. In order to implement a flood management plan for the Balrampur district, an agricultural dominant landscape of India, and strengthen its resilience, flood susceptibility modeling and mapping are carried out. In the present study, three hybrid machine learning (ML) models, namely, fuzzy-ANN (artificial neural network), fuzzy-RBF (radial basis function), and fuzzy-SVM (support vector machine) with 12 topographic, hydrological, and other flood influencing factors were used to determine flood-susceptible zones. To ascertain the relationship between the occurrences and flood influencing factors, correlation attribute evaluation (CAE) and multicollinearity diagnostic tests were used. The predictive power of these models was validated and compared using a variety of statistical techniques, including Wilcoxon signed-rank, t-paired tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results show that fuzzy-RBF model outperformed other hybrid ML models for modeling flood susceptibility, followed by fuzzy-ANN and fuzzy-SVM. Overall, these models have shown promise in identifying flood-prone areas in the basin and other basins around the world. The outcomes of the work would benefit policymakers and government bodies to capture the flood-affected areas for necessary planning, action, and implementation., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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4. The impact of climate change on agricultural productivity in Asian countries: a heterogeneous panel data approach.
- Author
-
Ozdemir D
- Subjects
- Asia, Agriculture, Climate Change
- Abstract
While climate change is having serious impacts on agriculture and may require ongoing adaptation, short-run threats to global food security are also crucial for developing countries. We use dynamic and asymmetric panel autoregressive distributed lag estimators to investigate how the effects of climate change on agricultural productivity vary depending upon the short run and long run in Asia over the period of 1980-2016. The results confirmed that there is a long-run relationship between agricultural productivity and climate change variables; however, only CO
2 emissions could be linked to agricultural productivity in the short run. Moreover, while the direction of this effect is positive for the short run, it turns into negative in the long run confirming that carbon fertilization in the atmosphere can to some extent have a positive effect on agricultural productivity., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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5. Measuring Scientific Impact of Fisheries and Aquaculture Research-for-Development Projects in South East Asia and the Pacific
- Author
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Hiruy, Kiros, Murphy, Ray, Lewis, Tom, White, William T., and Purcell, Steven W.
- Abstract
Research-for-development (R4D), as a mode of foreign aid, is a practical way to support developing countries. However, few studies have assessed the scientific impacts of R4D projects. Here, we applied an integrated assessment approach to evaluate the scientific impact of research projects commissioned by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research's Fisheries Program in the Asia-Pacific region between 2000 and 2012. We use publication metrics and expert panel reviews to examine trends in scientific outputs among 73 fisheries and aquaculture research projects. Among projects, there was considerable variation in publication types and outputs (including academic papers, magazine articles, policy reports, books, and book chapters), and projects produced, on average, 10 publications at a funded-dollar cost of AU$41,000 per publication. Bilateral and multilateral projects tended to produce more refereed journal articles and citations per funded dollar than single-country projects, and publication outputs were poor for certain countries. With the exception of fisheries projects, larger (more highly funded) projects did not produce more journal articles per funded dollar than smaller projects. Project duration had no significant effect on the number of refereed publications, citation rates, or total citations per funded dollar across projects. Aquaculture projects had greater publication impact, per funded dollar than fisheries projects. Beyond the bibliometric measures, qualitative findings indicated that scientific impact was strongly influenced by motivations of project leaders and their institutions. We identified disparate impact performance among industries and countries. These findings could inform future overseas aid investments, policies and strategies. This study offers useful benchmarks for gauging scientific impacts of R4D programs and shows the value of using approaches that go beyond bibliometric measures.
- Published
- 2019
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6. Water resource management in agriculture for achieving food and water security in Asia.
- Author
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Aryal, Jeetendra Prakash, Rahut, Dil B., Sonobe, Tetsushi, Tortajada, Cecilia, and Chhay, Panharoth
- Subjects
WATER management ,WATER security ,FOOD security ,WATER resources development ,WATER harvesting ,AGRICULTURE ,AGRICULTURAL water supply - Abstract
This document is an editorial from the International Journal of Water Resources Development, discussing the importance of water resource management in agriculture for achieving food and water security in Asia. It highlights the role of agriculture in water usage and the challenges posed by climate change and increased demand. The editorial presents research papers on topics such as the impact of climate change on food security, the effects of weather variables on crop yields, the benefits of irrigation mechanization, and groundwater governance. It concludes by emphasizing the need for integrated measures, technological development, provision of irrigation facilities, and improved water governance for sustainable water management in agriculture. Additionally, the document includes a list of contact information for individuals affiliated with institutions such as the Asian Development Bank Institute and the University of Glasgow's School of Social & Environmental Sustainability. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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7. Creating High-Tech 'Agropreneurs' through Education and Skills Development
- Author
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Ra, Sungsup, Ahmed, Mahfuzuddin, and Teng, Paul S.
- Abstract
Under current population growth and demographic trends -- with food demand projected to increase by 60%-70% by 2050 -- another quantum leap in food production and disruptive change in agricultural and food systems are needed in Asia. Certainly, the Green Revolution and other technological advances enormously improved agricultural productivity on the region's farms. But to fully benefit from an infusion of advanced knowledge and high technologies, agricultural workforces need 'Industry 4.0' skills, but for now are falling short. This paper argues that investing in education and skills development to create a new breed of 'agropreneurs' in Asian developing countries is crucial.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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8. Comment on Papers by Hayami, Saxonhouse, and Wilkins.
- Author
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Yamamura, Kozo
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGY transfer ,TECHNOLOGY ,AGRICULTURE - Abstract
Comments on an article about technology diffusion. Concept of technology diffusion; Political and economic relevance of technology; Perspective on Asian agricultural development.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
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9. Rural Youth in Asia. Report of the CCA Rural Youth Study Group (Sibu, Malaysia, March 14-19, 1976).
- Abstract
Historical causes of rural poverty and general recommendations for work among rural youth in India, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand are presented in this summary of national reports given before the Rural Youth Study Group in 1976. In addition to study papers on each country, the volume contains an introduction on rural youth and the rural predicament which summarizes the countries' common history, foreign influences, governmental and church-related rural development projects, rural poverty, and five essential systematic phases of rural development. Each national study paper contains a map, historical summary, and basic geographic, political, and socioeconomic data. Subtopics are as follows: India--Indian independence movement, peasant movements, youth student movements; Malaysia--racial problem, rural economy, rural youth in West Malaysia, church role in rural development; Philippines--general background, land ownership, rural struggle, survey of village youth organization, local churches; Sri Lanka--political-economic structures of rural society, caste system and religion, role of youth in rural struggle, survey of rural youth development programs; Thailand--community solidarity, role of religion, economic problems of villagers, role of youth/students in rural struggle. A concluding paper treats the role of youth in the national struggle (training, motivating church youth). (RS)
- Published
- 1977
10. UNESCO/IFLA Presession Seminar: Exchange of Experience Seminar for Developing Countries. University Libraries in Developing Countries--Structure and Function in Regard to Information Transfer for Science and Technology.
- Author
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International Federation of Library Associations, The Hague (Netherlands).
- Abstract
Papers on Third World academic, research, and medical libraries and their role in scientific and technical information transfer, which were presented at the 1983 UNESCO/IFLA (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization/International Federation of Library Associations) seminar, include: (1) "Development of Effective Acquisition Policies" by John Ndegwa (Kenya); (2) "Parameters of Expenditure: The Allocation of Funds to the Purchase of Materials and Services to Support the Information Needs of the University Community in Science and Technology" by Michael E. Gill (Barbados); (3) "Acquisition of Foreign Periodicals in Developing Countries: The Example of Brazilian Libraries" by Heloisa B. Schreiner, Rejane R. Klaes, and Mayra E. Brum (Brazil); (4) "Problems of Acquisition of Overseas and Local Materials" by B. U. Nwafor (Nigeria); (5) "Collection Building and Information Services for Material in Special Categories Relevant to Third World Use. I: Agriculture" by Clemence R. Namponya (Malawi); (6) "Collection Building and Information Services for Material in Medicine Relevant to Asean (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Countries" by Uthai Dhutiyabhodhi (Thailand); (7) "New Information Technologies Available in the Industrialised World" by Stephen W. Massil (United Kingdom); (8) "Choosing the Moment: A Review of the Organizational Problems and Changes Arising Out of Conversion to Computerized Systems" by H. T. Lim (Malaysia); (9) "The Application of Automation to the Library Processes of the National Autonomous University of Mexico" by Roberto Garduno (Mexico); (10) "Using Automated Systems for Scientific and Technical Literature Searches" by Joseph C. Anafulu (Nigeria); (11) "Future Training Needs [of University Library Personnel]" by Hudwell Mwacalimba (Zambia); and (12) "Development of Modern Information Technologies and Their Impact on Research" by Michael E. Gill (Barbados). (ESR)
- Published
- 1983
11. Sri Lanka.
- Subjects
- Asia, Communication, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Environment, Population Characteristics, Social Sciences, Sri Lanka, Agriculture, Climate, Conservation of Natural Resources, Culture, Ethnicity, Geography, Government, Industry, Language, Politics, Population, Religion
- Published
- 1989
12. The relevant population dynamics to land degradation in the northeast region.
- Author
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Santiphop T
- Subjects
- Asia, Asia, Southeastern, Demography, Developing Countries, Environment, Population, Research, Thailand, Agriculture, Conservation of Natural Resources, Economics, Population Dynamics, Statistics as Topic
- Published
- 2000
13. Does land ownership make a difference? Women's roles in agriculture in Kerala, India.
- Author
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Arun S
- Subjects
- Asia, Behavior, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, India, Population, Population Characteristics, Social Behavior, Agriculture, Interpersonal Relations, Research, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Women
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
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14. China's water shortage could shake world food security.
- Author
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Brown LR and Halweil B
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Conservation of Natural Resources, Developing Countries, Economics, Environment, Asia, Eastern, Agriculture, Disasters, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Food Supply, Social Planning, Water Supply
- Published
- 1998
15. Agricultural expansion dominates rapid increases in cropland fires in Asia.
- Author
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Xu C and You C
- Subjects
- Humans, Asia, India, China, Agriculture, Edible Grain
- Abstract
Asia contains 58 % of the global population and approximately 39 % of the world's cropland, making evaluation of the spatiotemporal variability patterns in cropland fire critical for understanding the interplay between crop residue burning and human activity in Asia. Although agricultural expansion and intensification have contributed to an overall decline in vegetation fires worldwide since the late 1990s, burned area by cropland fires in Asia has expanded by more than 19 % over the past two decades. India accounts for about 32 % of cropland fires in Asia, and the burned area has increased by more than two-thirds since 2003, particularly increased around 80 % during the two major cereal harvest seasons of March-May and October-November. In comparison, cropland fires have increased by <6 % in China since 2003, and there has been a marked downward trend in burned area in June due to the intensive implementation of the nationwide bans on open-land crop straw burning. The expansion of agricultural harvests is primarily responsible for the rapid increase in cropland fires in Asia, notably in India, where agricultural intensification is occurring with population growth and economic development in recent years, and crop straw burning should be strictly controlled in the future., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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16. Agricultural growth and "trickle-down" reconsidered: evidence from rural India.
- Author
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Sharma SD
- Subjects
- Asia, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, India, Population, Population Characteristics, Research, Social Class, Social Planning, Agriculture, Conservation of Natural Resources, Employment, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Poverty, Public Policy, Rural Population, Socioeconomic Factors
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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17. Principal Paper Sessions The Rise of Supermarkets in Developing Countries: Opportunities and Chal-lenges for Agrifood Products Suppliers (Fred Buttel, University of Wisconsin at Madison, presiding) The Rise of Supermarkets in Africa, Asia, and Latin America
- Author
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Reardon, Thomas, Timmer, C. Peter, Barrett, Christopher B., and Berdegue, Julio
- Subjects
HORTICULTURAL products ,AGRICULTURE - Abstract
Describes the transformation of agrifood systems in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Context of traditional retail and wholesale system; Determinants of and patterns in the diffusion of supermarkets in the regions; Consequences of the evolution of procurement systems for agrifood business.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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18. Microbiota Ecosystem Services in Vineyards and Wine: A Review.
- Author
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García-Izquierdo, Isabel, Colino-Rabanal, Victor J., Tamame, Mercedes, and Rodríguez-López, Fernando
- Subjects
ECOSYSTEM services ,WINE service ,AGRICULTURE ,BIOLOGICAL pest control ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing - Abstract
The domestication of vines started in Asia 11,000 years ago, although it was not until the 19th century that oenology was established as a scientific discipline thanks to the research of Louis Pasteur on the role of microorganisms in wine fermentation. At the present time, the progression in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies is helping to facilitate the identification of microbial dynamics during winemaking. These advancements have aided winemakers in gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the role of microbiota in the fermentation process, which, in turn, is ultimately responsible for the delivery of provisioning (wine features and its production), regulating (such as carbon storage by vineyards, regulation of soil quality, and biocontrol of pests and diseases) or cultural (such as aesthetic values of vineyard landscapes, scholarly enjoyment of wine, and a sense of belonging in wine-growing regions) ecosystem services. To our knowledge, this is the first review of the state of knowledge on the role of microbiota in the delivery of ecosystem services in the wine sector, as well as the possibility of valuing them in monetary terms by operating logic chains, such as those suggested by the SEEA-EA framework. This paper concludes with a review of management practices that may enhance the value of microbiota ecosystem services and the role of smart farming in this task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Socio-economic transformation of a primitive tribal group: a study of Chenchus in Andhra Pradesh.
- Author
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Vithal CP
- Subjects
- Asia, Demography, Developing Countries, Geography, India, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Research, Agriculture, Culture, Economics, Education, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity, Family Characteristics, Income, Residence Characteristics, Rural Population, Social Change, Social Planning, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics as Topic, Taboo
- Published
- 1992
20. An outline of study on China's population / environment issues.
- Author
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Qu G and Li J
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Conservation of Natural Resources, Developing Countries, Economics, Environment, Asia, Eastern, Agriculture, Energy-Generating Resources, Environmental Pollution, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Industry, Organization and Administration, Population Dynamics, Program Evaluation, Public Policy, Water Supply
- Published
- 1990
21. THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN ASIA: AN ECONOMETRICS ANALYSIS ON AGRICULTURE SECTOR.
- Author
-
Choo, Eern Yie
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL industries ,ECONOMETRICS ,CLIMATE change ,AGRICULTURAL productivity - Abstract
The substantial known economic effect of changing in climate is upon on every sector especially on agriculture due to its sensitivity and size of the sector. Warming climate brings outstanding harm to agriculture in several nations because developed countries in low latitude already encounter the hot weather. This paper reviews numerous studies that evaluate the possible impact of warming climate to agriculture sector in Asia. There have been numerous studies examine how expected changes in climate are likely to effect on yield productivity in Asia. The findings in this paper is supported mainly from the fourth and fifth analysis report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), where the latest sixth assessment report is excluded out as it is currently preparing by the panel. There are two specific objectives is needed to review the possible impacts of changing climate on agricultural. Firstly, the paper will synthesize the likely impacts of climate change on China and India’s agricultural production especially for crops C3 and C4. Secondly, this paper also review the adaptive responses to change in climate that could potentially be made and promoted in the agricultural sector. Additionally, this paper discusses the overview of Asian agriculture and likely outcome if climates do warm by observing several scientific evidence on climate change. This paper done some projection by reviewing existing literatures which various research studies have been approaches to estimate the changes. The impact of climate change in agriculture sector in two countries is also describe. The countermeasure to be consider in response to warming climate will be the last section in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
22. Education for Rural Development in Asia: Experiences and Policy Lessons. FAO/UNESCO Seminar (Bangkok, Thailand, November 5-7, 2002).
- Author
-
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). International Inst. for Educational Planning. and United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome (Italy).
- Abstract
More than half of the world's population, and more than 70 percent of the world's poor live in rural areas where hunger, illiteracy, and low school achievement are common. Education in rural areas is crucial for achieving sustainable development. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and UNESCO's International Institute for Educational Planning recently completed a comprehensive international study of education for rural development, focusing on constraints to achieving Education for All (EFA) in rural areas, improving educational access and quality, and strengthening the links between education and rural development. To continue this discourse, a seminar involving nine Asian countries was held in Bangkok in November 2002. Panel presentations and plenary discussions focused on five themes: addressing rural challenges to EFA, enhancing food security through education and training, the role of education in targeting rural poverty, changes in rural labor markets, and the impact on education of HIV/AIDS in rural areas. This proceedings summarizes sessions on each theme; presents group findings on rural community participation in local development, experiences in multisectoral coordination and programs, and approaches to institutional change; and includes five selected contributions. These are: (1) "Contributions of Education to Alleviating Rural Poverty" (Yu Fuzeng); (2) "Supporting Rural Education for Poverty Reduction: Issues and Approaches" (Chris A. Spohr); (3) "Responding to the Transformation of Rural Labour Markets: Implications for Education and Training" (Samuel T. Mancebo); (4) "Landcare in the Philippines: Developing Capacities of 'Farmers of the Future' and Their Communities" (Tom Vandenbosch); and (5) "Food for Education and Rural Development" (Anette Haller). A seminar program and lists of participants and papers presented are included. (SV)
- Published
- 2002
23. Study on the dynamic distribution of spores of powdery mildew pathogen in wheat by rotor airflow of plant protection UAV.
- Author
-
Qin, Weicai, Chen, Panyang, and He, Ruyan
- Subjects
PLANT protection ,SPORES ,POWDERY mildew diseases ,AIR flow ,INSECTICIDE application ,AGRICULTURE - Abstract
Plant protection drones are fast and efficient application machines that are characterised by high application efficiency and no damage to crops. They are particularly suitable for small areas of farmland and mountainous terrain in regions such as Asia and are currently the dominant insecticide application technology in China. The presence of wind is a prerequisite for the spread and dissemination of airborne diseases and it can directly influence the distance and height of ascent of pathogenic spores. This paper investigates the effect of downwash airflow generated by the flight altitude of a plant protection drone on the horizontal distribution, vertical distribution and ground distribution of powdery mildew spores in wheat. Monitoring the changing dynamics of airborne powdery mildew conidia using spore traps. The test results show that: the number of powdery mildew pathogenic spores is related to various factors such as weather, relative humidity and wind speed; the release of spores is greatly influenced by airflow disturbances but has little effect at the early stages of sporulation; the disease is caused by the accumulation process of pathogenic spores and in the control of powdery mildew in wheat, preventive spraying should be carried out within 2–3 days of the germination of pathogenic spores. The study lays the foundation for further in-depth research on the spread of powdery mildew spores and improved pest control, and provides a basis for scientific and rational spraying and control by agricultural drones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Population Education in Asia and the Pacific. Bulletin of the Unesco Regional Office for Education in Asia and the Pacific. Number 23, June, 1982.
- Author
-
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Regional Office for Education in Asia and the Pacific.
- Abstract
The necessity of successfully managing population and development to ensure the quality of life in Asia in the coming decade is emphasized in this bulletin, which is arranged into four sections. Section one contains an article dealing with change and development of population education in Asia and the Pacific and a demographic analysis. Section two consists of country reports prepared by the directors of national population education projects and updated papers presented at workshops held in Bangkok in 1981 and in Suva in 1979. Countries reported on are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Korea, Viet Nam, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. A synthesis of innovative experiences in population education concludes the second section. Section three deals with quality of life themes as related to population, including agriculture and food, nutrition and health, resources and the environment, growth and employment, migration and urbanization, socio-economic development, and sociocultural values. The publication concludes with a bibliographic supplement on population education. (RM)
- Published
- 1982
25. Water and development in the Asian tropics, 1900–1939.
- Author
-
Nath, Maanik, Cheng, Chung‐Tang, and Ratnoo, Vigyan D.
- Subjects
RAINFALL ,ECOLOGICAL zones - Abstract
Environmental conditions significantly affected development in the Asian tropics. This paper investigates the relationship between weather risk and agriculture in four regions with distinct climatological features. Using new data, we estimate the scale of crop output sensitivity to rainfall shocks across ecological zones. Output was sensitive to shocks in regions with low levels, concentrated spells and high volatility of rainfall. Canal irrigation protected some districts while unirrigated regions remained vulnerable. Regions with high rainfall levels and long seasons remained protected. Regions with large interruptions deterred investment and were underdeveloped while regions with small interruptions invited investment‐led growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Reinstating Local Agency: Origins and Development of Irrigated Rice Production in the Usangu Plains, 1920s to 1960.
- Author
-
Ambindwille, George K.
- Subjects
IRRIGATION farming ,RICE farming ,RICE ,URBAN agriculture ,AGRICULTURE ,LOCAL knowledge - Abstract
Many colonial scholars in the 20
th century pointed out that agriculture was introduced in the continent from outside, basically Europe and Asia. They refused to accept that African ingenuity had a role to play in the development of agriculture. Premised on this line of thinking, many scholars who studied the Usangu Plains attributed the introduction and development of rice production in the plains to the Baluchi. Drawing from archival, oral and secondary written sources, and working within the framework of local agency and political economy theories, this paper argues that contrary to the popular notions that have attributed irrigated rice farming to the Baluchi community, the establishment of irrigated rice farming in the region was primarily an indigenous initiative of the Sangu. It further recognizes the role-played by the British colonial state in the expansion of irrigated rice farming which has seldom been accounted for by scholars who studied the area under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
27. Facing the Crisis: Third World Agriculture in the 1980s.
- Author
-
Singh, Ajit and Tabatabai, Hamid
- Abstract
Examines how developing nations' agrarian economy fared in the 1980s in the wake of the world economic crisis. Discusses how the economic crisis affected agricultural development and whether the performance of the agrarian economy was responsible for the economic crisis. (JOW)
- Published
- 1990
28. Alternative methods to synthetic chemical control of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. A systematic review.
- Author
-
Soares, Pedro Ribeiro, Galhano, Cristina, and Gabriel, Rosalina
- Subjects
WEEDS ,SORGHUM ,BERMUDA grass ,AGRICULTURE ,BIOLOGICAL weed control ,WEED control ,TILLAGE - Abstract
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. is one of the worst agricultural weeds and invasive species in the world, being widely established in many countries. Despite its impact on agriculture and the growing awareness of authorities and consumers about the consequences of synthetic herbicides, alternative control methods for this weed have been poorly reviewed. A systematic review of the literature published over the last 50 years was used to assess the most studied control methods of C. dactylon (excluding synthetic herbicides) and to summarize the trends and knowledge gaps. The major findings are as follows: (1) the number of publications that studied alternative methods to synthetic chemical control in C. dactylon management has been increasing exponentially since 1972; (2) most of the studies were made under controlled conditions (57%) and lack observations under real production conditions; (3) most of the field experiments were carried out in Asia (42%), under temperate subtropical and arid climates; (4) the publication of articles studying allelopathy stands out significantly (50% of the papers found), with two species from the Poaceae family, rice (Oryza sativa L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), showing very high allelopathic inhibitory effects (often above 80%), especially under open field conditions; and (5) preventive soil tillage is the most studied treatment among indirect weed control treatments, and although there is a high risk of propagation, the results indicate that tillage can significantly contribute to control C. dactylon, when compared to no-tillage treatments. Further research is needed to optimize treatments and methods so that they can be applied by farmers under real production conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. How do farmers perceive climate change? A systematic review.
- Author
-
Madhuri and Sharma, Upasna
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,META-analysis ,FARMERS ,GREENHOUSE gases - Abstract
In this paper, a systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize understanding on farmers' perception on climate change. Farmers' perception of climate change is conceptualized as comprising of three dimensions—first, as farmers' "awareness"; second, "conceptual understanding"; and third, the "experience" of climate change. The review included 162 papers published during the period January 2000 to July 2019. The highest number of studies was conducted in Africa, followed by Asia. A large majority of farmers report being aware of climate change. However, only a few studies elicit the difference between climate variability and climate change from farmers. A negligible number of studies attempt to identify the role of agricultural activities in greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Furthermore, authors compare farmers' perception with meteorological evidence, which is more aligned in terms of change in "temperature" rather than "precipitation." The insights from the review provide guidance on conceptualization and operationalization of the variable "farmers' perception of climate change" for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Technology in agriculture and structural change: an Asian perspective.
- Author
-
Grabowski, Richard and Self, Sharmistha
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL technology ,LABOR productivity ,FOREIGN investments ,PORTFOLIO diversification ,NATURAL resources ,FOREIGN exchange rates - Abstract
Structural change is important in the overall development process. This paper seeks to examine how productivity growth in agriculture influences this process. In particular, technology in agriculture is divided into two types: labour using, land saving (biochemical) and labour saving, land using (mechanical). Some have argued that only labour saving (mechanical) technology promotes the shift of labour into manufacturing, not labour using (biochemical) technology. However, estimations utilizing data from 10 Asian nations indicate that both types of technologies promote structural change. Thus, investments in such technologies will promote structural change. Additional results indicate that labour productivity growth in services is complementary to structural change. In addition, openness to trade and foreign direct investment and diversification away from natural resource abundance as well as avoiding exchange rate overvaluation also promote structural change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Is there a gender dimension of the environmental Kuznets curve? Evidence from Asian countries.
- Author
-
Bilgili, Faik, Khan, Masreka, and Awan, Ashar
- Subjects
KUZNETS curve ,LABOR supply ,AGRICULTURE ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,PANEL analysis ,MACROECONOMIC models ,PER capita - Abstract
Economic development may have distinct implications for the environment based on gender-differentiated employment in various sectors of the economy. This is the first major attempt to incorporate gender in environmental modeling using sector-wise female employment status and gender parity index. In this study, we investigate the environment-gender nexus through the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in 36 Asian countries for the period 1991–2017 by panel data estimations. We find in all estimations through panel FMOLS that (a) per capita GDP positively affects CO
2 emissions and (b) per capita CO2 is affected by per capita GDP squared negatively, thus confirming EKC for panel Asian data with 971 observations. The estimations of the paper also confirm the EKC hypothesis through panel data models in which GDP and GDP squared variables. Our findings suggest male and female labor market participation impacts the environment differently, particularly in the agricultural sectors. We also find that an increased schooling ratio (gender parity index) negatively impacts environmental degradation. The findings of the present study are expected to give insights into policymakers for understanding the theoretical and statistical association between environmental quality and male/female labor force in agricultural and industrial sectors for 36 Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Crop residue burning in South Asia: A review of the scale, effect, and solutions with a focus on reducing reactive nitrogen losses.
- Author
-
Lin M and Begho T
- Subjects
- Asia, Crops, Agricultural, Environmental Monitoring, Soil chemistry, Agriculture, Nitrogen
- Abstract
This paper reviews the literature on crop residue burning - a widespread practice in many regions in South Asia. Specifically, we examine evidence from studies highlighting the scale of the practice in South Asia, the environmental implications, the drivers of the practice and the remedies to the problem. The studies provide evidence that the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is a hot-spot for atmospheric pollutants, with seasonal crop residue burning being a major contributor. The burning of crop residue is reported to degrade the soil, increase the risk of erosion, and increase the soil temperature, consequently decimating soil microorganisms. This subsequently impacts the monetary cost involved in recovering the soil fertility and the potential for further pollution through the increased use of fertilizer. The review shows that farmers' reasons for burning crop residues are mainly the high cost of incorporating, collecting, transporting, and processing crop residues in South Asia. Labour shortages, the marketability of the crop residue and the short time interval between harvest and next cropping seasons also influence farmers decision to burn crop residue. To address this problem, there is the need to encourage the use of agricultural machines capable of sowing crops in standing stubble, adopting in-situ practices and changing crop varieties to those with short duration. In addition, education and awareness are needed to change beliefs and perceptions on crop residue burning. Crucially, when promoting alternative sustainable uses of crop residue, the economic benefits should be prioritized, and support towards initial investments that accompany the adoption of alternative practices should be provided., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Agricultural change and population growth: a brief survey on the case of China in historical perspective.
- Author
-
Liu T
- Subjects
- Asia, China, Conservation of Natural Resources, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Environment, Asia, Eastern, Population, Social Planning, Agriculture, Population Dynamics, Population Growth, Technology
- Abstract
A historical review of the relationship between agricultural change and population growth in China is presented. "This paper will try to discuss four aspects of agricultural change that are related to population growth. They are: (1) expansion of agricultural frontier, (2) changes in cultivation methods and land use, (3) improvements in agricultural technology, and (4) irrigation and water-control. Each of these aspects [is] treated briefly with temporal and spatial perspectives...." The relevance of the Boserup theory that population pressure leads to agricultural development is considered in the Chinese context. It is found that some evidence supports the theory. (summary in CHI), (excerpt)
- Published
- 1986
34. The new political economy of food and agricultural development.
- Author
-
Mellor JW and Adams Rh Jr
- Subjects
- Africa, Asia, Environment, Agriculture, Conservation of Natural Resources, Developing Countries, Economics, Food Supply, Health Planning Guidelines, Health Services Needs and Demand, Politics, Social Planning, Technology
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Population change and the environment.
- Subjects
- Asia, Demography, Developing Countries, Pacific Islands, Population, Population Dynamics, Agriculture, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecology, Economics, Environment, Environmental Pollution, Health Planning Guidelines, Health Services Needs and Demand, Population Growth, Public Policy, Social Planning
- Published
- 1989
36. Impact of agricultural modernization on crude birth rate in Indian Punjab.
- Author
-
Ali K
- Subjects
- Asia, Delivery of Health Care, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Health, India, Mortality, Population, Public Health, Research, Social Planning, Agriculture, Birth Rate, Contraception, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family Characteristics, Family Planning Services, Fertility, Health Facilities, Infant Mortality, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Population Dynamics, Sanitation, Social Change
- Published
- 1981
37. Population distribution and development policies in the ESCAP region.
- Subjects
- Asia, Delivery of Health Care, Fertility, Geography, Health Services Accessibility, International Agencies, International Cooperation, Mortality, Organizations, Politics, Population, Population Characteristics, Research, Rural Health Services, Social Change, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistics as Topic, Agriculture, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Emigration and Immigration, Forecasting, Population Density, Population Dynamics, Population Growth, Public Policy, Rural Population, Social Planning, United Nations, Urban Population, Urbanization
- Published
- 1983
38. Agriculture without paraquat is feasible without loss of productivity—lessons learned from phasing out a highly hazardous herbicide.
- Author
-
Stuart, Alexander M., Merfield, Charles N., Horgan, Finbarr G., Willis, Sheila, Watts, Meriel A., Ramírez-Muñoz, Fernando, U, Jorge Sánchez, Utyasheva, Leah, Eddleston, Michael, Davis, Mark L., Neumeister, Lars, Sanou, Manoé R., and Williamson, Stephanie
- Subjects
PARAQUAT ,HERBICIDES ,FOOD supply ,AGRICULTURE ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,WEED control - Abstract
A small proportion of the thousands of pesticides on the market today are associated with a disproportionately high incidence of severe acute pesticide poisoning and suicide. Paraquat stands out as one of the most lethal pesticides in common use, frequently involved in fatal incidents due to suicides or accidental exposure. Even though paraquat has been banned in over 67 countries, it is still widely used in many others, particularly in Asia and Latin America. Based on a literature review and consultations, this paper identifies options for replacing paraquat and distils practical lessons from numerous successes around the world. Our aim is to support regulators, policymakers, agronomists and the supply chain sector with practical information related to phasing out paraquat. Production data consistently failed to show any negative effects of banning paraquat on agricultural productivity. A wide range of alternative approaches to weed management and crop defoliation are available, many of which do not rely on herbicides. Over 1.25 million farmers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) successfully produce a range of crops for private voluntary standards (PVS) in food and fiber supply chains which prohibit paraquat use. We conclude from the findings of this study that eliminating paraquat will save lives without reducing agricultural productivity. Less hazardous and more sustainable alternatives exist. To enhance successful adoption and uptake of these methods on a wide scale, farmers require training and support within an enabling policy environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Permaculture: Dreamworld or Breakthrough?
- Author
-
Johns, Maria
- Abstract
Compares present agriculture practices to permaculture farming techniques, presents a historical perspective of permaculture and where these techniques are being successfully practiced around the world. Inserts (vignettes) enumerate the principles of permaculture and the background of Bill Mollison who conceptualized this farming practice. (MCO)
- Published
- 1992
40. The impact of the inclusive financial development index on farmer entrepreneurship.
- Author
-
Jiang, Lili, Tong, Aihua, Hu, Zhifei, and Wang, Yifeng
- Subjects
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,URBAN economics ,CAPITAL ,PUBLIC investments ,ECONOMIC development ,VALUE chains - Abstract
Based on the calculation of the inclusive financial development level of 22 provinces and 4 municipalities in China from 2004 to 2017, this paper uses the Kernel density estimation method to further analyze the evolution of the inclusive financial index. Based on the above analysis, we make empirical analysis of the impact of China's inclusive financial inclusion development index on farmers' entrepreneurship using static panel and dynamic panel estimation method. The empirical conclusions show that there are certain differences in inclusive financial inclusion development level in various provinces in China. Improving the inclusion development level of inclusive finance can better promote farmers' entrepreneurship. Urbanization level, economic openness and regional economic development level have a significant positive effect on farmers' entrepreneurship, while farmers' income and education level have a significant negative effect on farmers' entrepreneurship. It is possible to promote farmers' entrepreneurship by improving the inclusive development level of inclusive finance, combining urbanization, increasing government investment in productive fixed assets, increasing economic openness and improving regional economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Comments by Yunjong Wang and Shigeyuki Abe.
- Subjects
FREE trade ,AGRICULTURE ,SIMULATION methods & models ,CONSUMERS - Abstract
Comments on a study on the quantitative effects of the liberalization of the agricultural sector in Northeast Asia based on a proposal by Stuart Harbinson, chairman of the agriculture negotiating committee of the World Trade Organization. Speculations on the difficulty in accommodating the uneven distribution of welfare gains between consumers and producers; Implications of simulation results for South Korea for welfare gains from liberalization; Limitations of the study.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A meta-analysis of economic and environmental benefits of conservation agriculture in South Asia.
- Author
-
Kiran Kumara TM, Kandpal A, and Pal S
- Subjects
- Asia, Carbon Sequestration, Soil, Agriculture, Greenhouse Gases
- Abstract
Agriculture plays a key role in ensuring food and livelihood security in South Asia. However, this region is vulnerable to climate change which is likely to impact the livelihoods of millions of marginal and small holders. Agriculture is not only impacted by climate change but also one of the major contributor to global warming in South Asia. As compared to the traditional practices, Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices help mitigate the impact of climate change through a reduction in carbon emission and conservation of natural resources. In this article, a meta-analysis of the important studies was done for the impact of CA on carbon sequestration, water use, greenhouse gas emissions and cost and net returns. Carbon sequestration potential was found significantly higher in the CA practices (+16.30%) as compared to the conventional tillage. Inclusion of legumes, clay-rich soils, irrigation and presence of soil cover are the major drivers for higher carbon sequestration potential in the region. Additionally, a significant amount of water was also saved as CA practices led to relatively less consumption of water over the conventional tillage. Further, the adoption of CA based management practices resulted in a substantial reduction of CO
2 (-4.28%) and CH4 (-25.67%) emissions both in aerobic and anaerobic soil conditions. However, the emission of NO2 and N2O-N gases were higher under the CA, +14.45 and + 5.20% respectively. Nevertheless, the emission of N2 O-N was lesser in CA (-1.78%) under aerobic conditions whereas it is increased under anaerobic soil conditions (+12.15%). The adoption of CA practices resulted in higher returns and lower costs as compared to the conventional system. Although CA has significant environmental benefits, the study suggests judicious use of inorganic inputs under CA for managing the impact of climate change in South Asia. Therefore, CA is a sustainable agricultural practice that deserves outscaling in South Asia for mitigation and adaptation of climate change., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Review of solar dryers for agricultural products in Asia and Africa: An innovation landscape approach.
- Author
-
Udomkun P, Romuli S, Schock S, Mahayothee B, Sartas M, Wossen T, Njukwe E, Vanlauwe B, and Müller J
- Subjects
- Africa, Asia, Desiccation, Agriculture, Sunlight
- Abstract
Solar drying is one of the most efficient and cost-effective, renewable, and sustainable technologies to conserve agricultural products in Asian and sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. This review paper presents the different types of solar dryers that are widely used in Africa and Asia. In addition, the pre-eminent effects of their use on product quality, as well as their economic, environmental, and social impacts, are highlighted. Since financial, external, and structural factors play a key role in the adoption and scaling of solar dryers, this paper also discusses the impact of these factors on the effectiveness of solar drying technologies in selected Asian and SSA countries., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Coincidence Analysis of the Cropland Distribution of Multi-Sets of Global Land Cover Products.
- Author
-
Zhang C, Ye Y, Fang X, Li H, and Zheng X
- Subjects
- Africa, Asia, Carbon, Conservation of Natural Resources, Europe, Latin America, North America, Reproducibility of Results, Agriculture, Crops, Agricultural, Ecosystem
- Abstract
Modern global cropland products have been widely used to assess the impact of land use and cover change (LUCC) on carbon budgets, climate change, terrestrial ecosystems, etc. However, each product has its own uncertainty, and inconsistencies exist among different products. Understanding the reliability of these datasets is essential for knowing the uncertainties that exist in the study of global change impact forced by cropland reclamation. In this paper, we propose a set of coincidence assessments to identify where reliable cropland distribution is by overlaying ten widely used global land cover/cropland datasets around 2000 AD. A quantitative assessment for different spatial units is also performed. We further discuss the spatial distribution characteristics of different coincidence degrees and explain the reasons. The results show that the high-coincidence proportion is only 40.5% around the world, and the moderate-coincidence and low-coincidence proportion is 18.4% and 41.1%, respectively. The coincidence degrees among different continents and countries have large discrepancies. The coincidence is relatively higher in Europe, South Asia and North America, while it is very poor in Latin America and Africa. The spatial distribution of high and moderate coincidence roughly corresponds to the regions with suitable agricultural conditions and intensive reclamation. In addition to the random factors such as the product's quality and the year it represented, the low coincidence is mainly caused by the inconsistent land cover classification systems and the recognition capability of cropland pixels with low fractions in different products., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. White paper pussy-foots on farms.
- Author
-
Mitchell, Alan
- Subjects
AGRICULTURE ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,ECONOMIC competition ,MIDDLE class - Abstract
The article presents author's views on the objectives and aims of Australia in the agriculture sector which includes increased productivity and international competitiveness. Topics discussed include efforts of agricultural sector of Australia in meeting the demands of huge new middle class of Asia, objectives of government of prime minister, Tony Abbott and rationalization of the farm sector.
- Published
- 2015
46. Editorial.
- Author
-
Gowda, C. L. Laxmipathi
- Subjects
AGRICULTURE ,ALCOHOLISM treatment ,HOVENIA dulcis ,HISTORY - Abstract
An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including Asia's contribution to the evolution of agriculture, integrated development, and the alcohol de-addiction properties of the Korean resin tree (Hovenia dulcis).
- Published
- 2016
47. Austronesian and Chinese words for the millets.
- Author
-
Sagart, Laurent, Hsu, Tze-Fu, Tsai, Yuan-Ching, and Hsing, Yue-Ie C.
- Subjects
AUSTRONESIAN languages ,CHINESE language ,MILLETS ,RECONSTRUCTION (Linguistics) ,AGRICULTURE - Abstract
After reviewing recent evidence from related disciplines arguing for an origin of the Austronesian peoples in northeastern China, this paper discusses the Proto-Austronesian and Old Chinese names of the millets, Setaria italica and Panicum miliaceum. Partly based on linguistic data collected in Taiwan by the authors, proposed Proto-Austronesian cognate sets for millet terms are re-evaluated and the Proto-Austronesian sets are identified. The reasons for the earlier confusion among Old Chinese terms for the millets are explained: the Austronesian term for Panicum miliaceum and one of the Chinese terms for the same plant are shown to obey the sound correspondences between Proto-Austronesian and Chinese, earlier described, under a particular resolution of the phonological ambiguities in the OC reconstruction. Possession of the two kinds of millets (not just Setaria , as previously thought) places the pre-Austronesians in northeastern China, adjacent to the probable Sino-Tibetan homeland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Understanding the divergences between farmer's perception and meteorological records regarding climate change: a review.
- Author
-
Foguesatto, Cristian Rogério, Artuzo, Felipe Dalzotto, Talamini, Edson, and Machado, João Armando Dessimon
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,SENSORY perception ,EXPECTED utility ,FARMERS ,UTILITY theory - Abstract
How farmers perceive climate change is linked to whether they are responding and adapting to it. However, often this perception does not correspond with what actually happens. Based on a search of empirical studies carried out in Africa and Asia, this paper analyzes two factors that can influence farmers' perception regarding climate change: expected utility maximization and availability heuristic. While expected utility maximization refers to an expected change in farmers' well-being, the availability heuristic is a mental shortcut based on the memory of occurrence of events. Generally, empirical studies show that farmers' perceptions are aligning with meteorological records regarding an increase in temperature. However, while there are no significant variations in rainfall trends, farmers perceive a reduction in rainfall in the last few years. The recent increase in drought frequency and severity may cause this divergence, because it affects farmers' well-being, and extreme droughts have a central position in peoples' memory. In this context, our findings suggest that farmers' perceptions are influenced by economic and psychological issues. Policymakers, extension workers and developers of climate projects need to pay attention to farm and farmers' characteristics in order to develop mitigation and/or adaptation practices regarding climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. THE DEVELOPMENT CONVERGENCE IN THE AGRICULTURE – THE EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE.
- Author
-
Klimkowski, Cezary and Tomaszewski, Igor
- Subjects
ECONOMIC convergence ,AGRICULTURE ,ECONOMIC development ,INDUSTRIAL equipment ,AGRICULTURAL development - Abstract
In the globalized world the convergence of economic growth processes in various sectors world-wide is expected. The authors focused on convergence of development processes in agriculture on global and regional scale with special focus on Europe. The main aim of the paper is to examine whether there is such convergence. Using yearly data from more than 100 countries and years 1992-2016, it was proven that there is globally significant beta-convergence when technical effectiveness indicators and the share of agricultural employment are taken into account. It is especially true for Europe. When share of agricultural employment is analyzed strong beta- and sigma-convergence is observed for every analyzed region. Still there is strong sigma-divergence and no sign of beta-convergence in the case of agricultural value added per worker. Europe and Asia are the only exceptions. The results suggest strong relation between overall economic development and development in agriculture. One can also conclude that substantial differences in agricultural sectors among analyzed countries are caused by the differences in capital equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
50. Liberalization of the Agricultural Sector in Northeast Asia: The Effects of the Doha Development Agenda.
- Author
-
In Soo Kang and Yoocheul Song
- Subjects
FREE trade ,AGRICULTURE ,BUSINESS losses - Abstract
Despite its importance, the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) has not been successful so far. Although negotiations about agricultural-sector trade liberalization have been built into the agenda of the DDA, the views of countries within the Cairns group are not easily reconciled with those of non–Cairns group countries. This paper examines the quantitative effects of liberalization of the agricultural sector in Northeast Asia based on the proposal of Stuart Harbinson, chairman of WTO's agriculture negotiating committee. The simulations undertaken here suggest that welfare gains from partial agricultural liberalization would be relatively modest in China (US$59 million), South Korea (US$687 million), and Japan (US$2.4 billion). However, the welfare distribution would be very uneven in South Korea and Japan. Most of the welfare losses would originate from impacts on rice farmers in these two countries, and losses would be politically difficult to accept. If rice were to be treated as a strategic product, the uneven welfare distribution would be considerably mitigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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