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Since insects are ectothermic, they are highly vulnerable to the sudden increase of temperature. Indeed, it has been hypothesized that the survival, development, fecundity, and even population expansion of insects are all affected significantly by extremely high temperature. We studied the effect of short-term high temperature stress on the survival and development of different stages, adult longevity and fecundity of Ophraella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of the invasive plant, the common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asterales: Asteraceae) in the laboratory. The results showed that egg, larval, pupal and adult survival rates were significantly affected after 2 hour-short-stress at high temperatures (35 to 47°C) when compared to the 28°C control. With the exceptions of the control and 35°C stress, survival rate of females was significantly higher than that of males after short-stress at any high temperature. Short-term high temperature stress also significantly impacted longevity and fecundity of adult beetles. Except for control, female longevity was significantly longer than male's after short-stress at any high temperature. The survival rates of different stages, and adult longevity and fecundity of the beetle decreased significantly with the increase of short-term stress temperature. Based on the results of the present study, we conclude that the development and population expansion of O. communa may be significantly affected when they are exposed to a high temperature stage in a summer day in the areas invaded by common ragweed, in southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread and oviposition of Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) adults on Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asterales: Asteraceae) were affected by wind direction. The densities of adults and eggs were the highest on plants located in the direction from which the wind blew. Our results suggest that oviposition preference of O. communa adults may be more dependent on the odors emitted by host plants than on their color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ophraella communaLeSage is native to North America and a biological control agent of the invasive weedAmbrosia artemisiifoliaL. SinceA. artemisiifoliaplants grow old and die after September annually,O. communasuffers from food shortage. To understand the effect of food shortage or deprivation on population fitness ofO. communa, the development and fecundity and hatchability of its progeny eggs were observed when larvae were offeredA. artemisiifoliaplants for either 3, 6, 12 or 24 hours daily. The results showed that larval food deprivation significantly influenced survival and developmental durations of larvae and pupae. Survival rates and developmental durations of larvae and pupae decreased and were prolonged significantly with decreasing time of larval daily food intake. Longevity and fecundity of adults shortened and decreased significantly with decreasing time of larval daily food intake. In addition, the hatch rates of progeny eggs decreased significantly with decreasing time of larval daily food intake. The present study suggests that food shortage is one of the most critical factors that suppressesO. communapopulations. This can explain why field populations of the beetle decrease significantly with ageing and death ofA. artemisiifoliaplants after late September. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Why animals mate multiple times, owing to the lack of immediate fitness benefits, presents an intriguing problem for evolutionary biologists. Yet, the profusion of this behaviour suggests it must be maintained by natural selection via increased performance. 2. The possible benefits of multiple mating using the leaf beetles Ophraella communa LeSage, the biological control agent of the invasive common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., were studied and the fitness consequences of single, twice, three, four, and unrestricted mating events were assessed. 3. Overall, it was observed that the number of copulation events was positively associated with fitness parameters of the insects. Insects performed the best under unrestricted mating regimes, with average increases of 48% in longevity, 75% in fecundity, and 55% in egg hatch rate. In addition, females that experienced unrestricted access to mates maintained very high viability over their entire reproductive lives. Nevertheless, insects also performed better when allowed to mate four times compared with once or twice. 4. The present findings thus support the hypothesis that multiple-mating behaviour is maintained owing to increased fitness benefits in the current and the next generation. Selection for re-mating is, therefore, expected in field populations, which is likely to happen naturally owing to the aggregate lifestyle of O. communa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ophraella communaLeSage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an effective biological control agent of the invasive common ragweed,Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL. Body size, one of the most important life-history characters for many insects, affectsO. communamating choice. Temperature is one of the most important factors on body size, especially high temperatures. Adult body lengths were significantly inhibited after eggs, larvae and pupae ofO. communaexperienced high temperature stresses. With exception of subsequent female body after exposure of larvae to high temperatures, the body weights of females and males were not affected by temperatures. Since adult insect fecundities are often in proportion to their body sizes, we concluded that high temperatures may influence the population expansion ofO. communain the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL. is native to North America, and was unintentionally introduced into China in the 1930s, where it has become invasive. The two insect speciesEpiblema strenuanaandOphraella communahave been considered as biological control agents ofA. artemisiifoliain China. The purpose of this study was to examine the control effect ofO. communa+E. strenuanaonA. artemisiifoliain the field. The mortality ofA. artemisiifoliaplants increased with time and increasing initial release densities ofO. communaand/orE. strenuanain 2008 and 2009. The treatments of 0.53O. communa+ 0.53E. strenuanaper plant and 12O. communa+ 16E. strenuanaper plant at early (60–70 cm tall) and later (90–100 cm tall) growth stages could subsequently kill all plants prior to seed production in both 2008 and 2009. Thus, the two initial densities of the two insect species may be recommended when they are jointly used for biological control ofA. artemisiifoliaat the two growth stages. However, all or some plants could survive and bear seeds in any other treatment and in the non-treated control plots. This implies that biological control ofA. artemisiifoliawith the two biological control agents will be recommended in the areas invaded byA. artemisiifoliain China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leaf beetle, Ophraella communa, has been introduced to control the spread of the common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, in China. We hypothesized that the beetle, to be able to track host-range expansion into colder climates, can phenotypically adapt to cold temperatures across generations. Therefore, we questioned whether parental experience of colder temperatures increases cold tolerance of the progeny. Specifically, we studied the demography, including development, fecundity, and survival, as well as physiological traits, including supercooling point (SCP), water content, and glycerol content of O. communa progeny whose parents were maintained at different temperature regimes. Overall, the entire immature stage decreased survival of about 0.2%–4.2% when parents experienced cold temperatures compared to control individuals obtained from parents raised at room temperature. However, intrinsic capacity for increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (λ) of progeny O. communa were maximum when parents experienced cold temperatures. Glycerol contents of both female and male in progeny was significantly higher when maternal and paternal adults were cold acclimated as compared to other treatments. This resulted in the supercooling point of the progeny adults being significantly lower compared to beetles emerging from parents that experienced room temperatures. These results suggest that cold hardiness of O. communa can be promoted by cold acclimation in previous generation, and it might counter-balance reduced survival in the next generation, especially when insects are tracking their host-plants into colder climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]