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In this paper, we described the synthesis and cytotoxic activities of two new series of thieno[2,3- d ]pyrimidine and thieno[3,2- d ] pyrimidine derivatives. Most of the synthesized compounds had significant antiproliferative activities against PC3, MDA-MB-231, A549, and HeLa cell lines in comparison to the reference drug, erlotinib. Compounds N -(4-((3,5-dichlorophenyl)amino)thieno[2,3- d ]pyrimidin-6-yl)cinnamamide 8e and (E)- N -(4-((3,4-dichlorophenyl)amino)thieno[2,3- d ]pyrimidin-6-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylamide 8g with IC 50 values of 4 nM and 33 nM, respectively, against HeLa cell line were chosen for further studies. The apoptosis induced activity and cell cycle arrest were determined and the results provided evidence that these compounds induced cell death via apoptosis and arrested cell growth in sub-G1 phase. In addition, western blot analysis manifested the promising result of suppressing the EGFR signaling pathway (p-EGFR/p-ERK1/2). The docking studies appreciated the considerable potency of compound 8e based on hydrogen and covalent binding interactions. Eventually, in silico pharmacokinetic prediction indicated the acceptable bioavailability of all final compounds. Image 1 • Two series of thienopyrimidine-based compounds were designed and synthesized. • 8e was the most potent compound with nanomolar IC 50 value on HeLa cell line. • 8e was 720 times more selective on lung cancer cell than normal lung cell. • Western blot analysis of 8e revealed EGFR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]