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2. Chatbots in Libraries: A Systematic Literature Review
- Author
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Rumeng Yan, Xin Zhao, and Suvodeep Mazumdar
- Abstract
Chatbots have experienced significant growth over the past decade, with a proliferation of new applications across various domains. Previous studies also demonstrate the trend of new technologies, especially artificial intelligence, being adopted in libraries. The purpose of this study is to determine the current research priorities and findings in the field of chatbots in libraries. A systematic literature review was performed utilising the PRISMA checklist and the databases Scopus and Web of Science, identifying 5734 records. Upon conducting the first screening, abstract screening, full-text assessment, and quality assessments guided by the CASP appraisal checklist, 19 papers were deemed suitable for inclusion in the review. The results of the review indicate that the majority of the existing studies were empirical in nature (primarily adopting qualitative methods) and technology reviews with a focus on reviewing the implementation and maintenance, design, evaluation, characteristics, and application of chatbots. The chatbots of interest were mainly text-based and guided chatbots, with closed-source tools with access portals mostly built on library web pages or integrated with social software. The research findings primarily concerned the development models and necessary tools and technologies, the application of chatbots in libraries. Our systematic review also suggests that studies on chatbots in libraries are still in the early stages. [This paper was presented at the 2023 Libraries in the Digital Age (LIDA) International Conference (Osijek, Croatia, May 24-26, 2023).]
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- 2023
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3. Proceedings of the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conferences on e-Society (ES 2022, 20th) and Mobile Learning (ML 2022, 18th) (Virtual, March 12-14, 2022)
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International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS), Piet Kommers, Inmaculada Arnedillo Sánchez, and Pedro Isaías
- Abstract
These proceedings contain the papers of the 20th International Conference on e-Society (ES 2022) and 18th International Conference on Mobile Learning (ML 2022), organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society, held virtually during 12-14 March 2022. Due to the unprecedented situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, this year the conferences were hosted virtually. The e-Society 2022 conference aims to address the main issues of concern within the Information Society. This conference covers both the technical as well as the non-technical aspects of the Information Society. The Mobile Learning 2022 Conference seeks to provide a forum for the presentation and discussion of mobile learning research which illustrate developments in the field. These events received 152 submissions from more than 28 countries. In addition to the papers' presentations, the conference also included one keynote presentation by Professor Pedro Isaias (Information Systems & Technology Management School, The University of New South Wales, Australia) and a Special Talk by Wilson Ramon Hernandez Parraci (Ph.D. Student, Northern Illinois University, USA). [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2022
4. Application of Blockchain Technology in Higher Education
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Fedorova, Elena P. and Skobleva, Ella I.
- Abstract
Emergence and development of the blockchain technology, which is able to transform into "a most powerful disruptive innovation", shall definitely concern universities. Moreover, nowadays the blockchain technology meets the challenges that both the system of higher education and the entire society are currently facing. Advantages of the blockchain technology are decentralized open data, absence of forgeries, safe storage of information, and reduction of transaction expenses related to data checkup, control, and verification. This paper provides a critical analysis of application of the blockchain technology considering with its applicability opportunities and restrictions in education; it also aims to identify the consequences of its influence upon the development of education. The article analyzes real cases when this technology was applied, with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as an example. The MIT applied it to protect and validate the certificates that it issued. Another example is the Sony Global Education that forms individual data on its trainees' competencies and productivity; a third one relates to the University of Nicosia, which was the first to use smart contracts and accept cryptocurrency as a form of payment. The paper also considers the elements of the blockchain technology at universities (both in Russia and outside it), which participate in massive open online courses. It determines the scope of application of this technology in the Russian educational system. In addition, this article provides a literature review related to application of the blockchain technology; the review includes works by such renowned researchers as D. Tapscott, B. Bleir, A. Watters, A. Grech, A. Camilleri, M. Swan, A. Zaslavsky, etc. The paper analyzes the obtained findings of the survey that its authors have conducted among experts, professors, and specialists involved in accreditation. Thus, the paper provides an analysis of opportunities and restrictions related to application of the blockchain technology in higher education.
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- 2020
5. The scientific progress and prospects of artificial intelligence in digestive endoscopy: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis.
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Gan PL, Huang S, Pan X, Xia HF, Lü MH, Zhou X, and Tang XW
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- Humans, Bibliometrics, Research Personnel, Asia, Artificial Intelligence, Capsule Endoscopy
- Abstract
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used for diagnosis and outcome prediction in clinical practice. Furthermore, AI in digestive endoscopy has attracted much attention and shown promising and stimulating results. This study aimed to determine the development trends and research hotspots of AI in digestive endoscopy by visualizing articles. Publications on AI in digestive endoscopy research were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on April 25, 2022. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to assess and plot the research outputs. This analytical research was based on original articles and reviews. A total of 524 records of AI research in digestive endoscopy, published between 2005 and 2022, were retrieved. The number of articles has increased 27-fold from 2017 to 2021. Fifty-one countries and 994 institutions contributed to all publications. Asian countries had the highest number of publications. China, the USA, and Japan were consistently the leading driving forces and mainly contributed (26%, 21%, and 14.31%, respectively). With a solid academic reputation in this area, Japan has the highest number of citations per article. Tada Tomohiro published the most articles and received the most citations.. Gastrointestinal endoscopy published the largest number of publications, and 4 of the top 10 cited papers were published in this journal. "The Classification," "ulcerative colitis," "capsule endoscopy," "polyp detection," and "early gastric cancer" were the leading research hotspots. Our study provides systematic elaboration for researchers to better understand the development of AI in gastrointestinal endoscopy., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
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- 2022
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6. Proceedings of the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA) (Madrid, Spain, October 19-21, 2012)
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International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS)
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The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference intention was to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There had been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. Paradigms such as just-in-time learning, constructivism, student-centered learning and collaborative approaches have emerged and are being supported by technological advancements such as simulations, virtual reality and multi-agents systems. These developments have created both opportunities and areas of serious concerns. This conference aimed to cover both technological as well as pedagogical issues related to these developments. The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference received 98 submissions from more than 24 countries. Out of the papers submitted, 29 were accepted as full papers. In addition to the presentation of full papers, short papers and reflection papers, the conference also includes a keynote presentation from internationally distinguished researchers. Individual papers contain figures, tables, and references.
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- 2012
7. Quality Assurance implementation and application in Distance Education.
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Mkwizu, Kezia H. and Junio-Sabio, Cecilia
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DISTANCE education ,QUALITY assurance ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,THEMATIC analysis ,SERVICES for students - Abstract
Due to the recent developments in the delivery of teaching-learning processes when COVID-19 hit the world with a health crisis and pandemic, it is crucial to look into the quality of courses delivered via online means or through distance education modality. This paper examines implementation and application of quality assurance (QA) landscape in Distance Education (DE). A documentary review using bibliographic inquiry is used as a methodology approach to gather relevant information to address the study questions. Previous studies on QA in DE are examined and arranged into themes using thematic analysis. Findings revealed that most of the literature on QA in DE in Africa and Asia based on the reviewed Open and Distance Learning (ODL) institutions are basically dealing with frameworks, outcomes and performance, instructional design, student services and challenges as well as parity in terms of quality with the traditional institutions. Therefore, this paper concludes that more studies are needed for QA in DE to match the post-COVID-19 trends on improving QA. This implies that there is a need to expand research on QA in DE to include areas of artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
8. Comprehensive review of solar radiation modeling based on artificial intelligence and optimization techniques: future concerns and considerations.
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Attar, Nasrin Fathollahzadeh, Sattari, Mohammad Taghi, Prasad, Ramendra, and Apaydin, Halit
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SOLAR radiation ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MATHEMATICAL optimization ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,SOLAR energy ,FEATURE selection - Abstract
An alternative energy source such as solar is one of the most important renewable resources. A reliable solar radiation prediction is essential for various applications in agriculture, industry, transport, and the environment because they reduce greenhouse gases and are environmentally friendly. Solar radiation data series have embedded fluctuations and noise signals due to complexity, stochasticity, non-stationarity, and nonlinearity with uncertain and time-varying nature. Aside from being highly nonlinear, solar radiation is highly influenced by the environment and environmental parameters such as air temperature, cloud cover, surface reflectivity, and aerosols. In addition, the spatial measurements of these variables are not readily available. To tackle these challenges, it is necessary to consider data preprocessing techniques and to develop and test precise solar radiation predicting models at different forecast horizons. There is, however, controversy regarding the performance of such models in various studies. Comparisons are not conducted systematically among the different studies. Using a critical literature review, the authors hope to answer these questions and believe that further investigation of solar radiation can benefit researchers and practitioners alike. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of solar radiation modeling using artificial intelligence in the last 15 years and provides a novel detailed analysis of the available models. The studies conducted in different climates of the world that were published in distinguished journals were considered (i.e., 90 papers in total) for this purpose. Newly discovered procedures for optimizing forecasts, data cleaning, feature selection, classification methods, and stand-alone or hybrid data-driven models for solar radiation prediction and modeling were evaluated. The results strikingly showed that the most used artificial intelligence methods were artificial neural network, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and decision tree family of models. In addition, the extreme learning machine, support vector machine, and particle swarm optimization were the most used optimization techniques in solar radiation modeling. In terms of forecast horizons, the most common forecast horizon found in papers was on the daily scale (51% of studies), followed by the hourly scale (26%), and the least common was the monthly scale (18%). Based on the regional studies, the highest number of solar radiation papers originated from Asia, with Europe in second place and African countries in third place. An increasing trend in the number of papers from 2011 to 2015 was noted, and the second peak started from 2018 till the present. Under each section, a summary of findings is provided. The paper concludes with future thoughts and directions on solar radiation modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. Dominant Recent Trends Impacting on Jobs and Labor Markets - An Overview
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Jagannathan, Shanti, Ra, Sungsup, and Maclean, Rupert
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This special double issue of the International Journal of Training Research with the theme 'emerging labor markets of the future--reimagining skills development and training' contains 13 articles that provide a comprehensive overview of global and regional trends that impact on emerging jobs and labor markets of the future. With particular reference to Asia, the papers examine promising strategies in skills for jobs that address these trends. The articles provide a snapshot of the changing dynamics of labor markets of the future and the importance of reimagining not just the content of skills development and training but also the mechanisms by which they can be delivered to prepare a future-ready workforce. The key attributes possessed by such a globally relevant talent pool for the workforce of the future include basic digital skills and literacy; learnability skills; skills needed for greening economies; skills required for engaging in Industry 4.0 occupations; skills for next-generation infrastructure and services; skills for technology-infused manufacturing sectors; and broad-based soft skills that help to improve workplace effectiveness, such as skills for teamwork, problem-solving, creativity, and design-thinking. All these will have an important and far-reaching impact on future directions for technical and vocational education and training in the region that policy makers and practitioners need to take into account.
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- 2019
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10. Digital transformation in engineering education: Exploring the potential of AI-assisted learning.
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Thanh Pham, Binh Nguyen, Son Ha, and Thanh Nguyen Ngoc
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ENGINEERING education ,DIGITAL transformation ,CHATGPT ,LEARNING ,EDUCATION ethics ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,DEEP learning - Abstract
This research explored the potential of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted learning using ChatGPT in an engineering course at a university in South-east Asia. The study investigated the benefits and challenges that students may encounter when utilising ChatGPT-3.5 as a learning tool. This research developed an AI-assisted learning flow that empowers learners and lecturers to integrate ChatGPT into their teaching and learning processes. The flow was subsequently used to validate and assess a variety of exercises, tutorial tasks and assessment-like questions for the course under study. Introducing a self-rating system allowed the study to facilitate users in assessing the generative responses. The findings indicate that ChatGPT has significant potential to assist students; however, there is a necessity for training and offering guidance to students on effective interactions with ChatGPT. The study contributes to the evidence of the potential of AI-assisted learning and identifies areas for future research in refining the use of AI tools to better support students' educational journey. Implications for practice or policy • Educators and administrators could review the usage of ChatGPT in an engineering technology course and study the implications of generative AI tools in higher education. • Academics could adapt and modify the proposed AI-assisted learning flow in this paper to suit their classroom. • Students can review and adopt the proposed AI-assisted learning flow in this paper for their studies. • Researchers could follow up on the application of ChatGPT in teaching and learning: teaching quality and student experience, academic integrity and assessment design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. AI-assisted identification of intrapapillary capillary loops in magnification endoscopy for diagnosing early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a preliminary study.
- Author
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Wang, Jinming, Long, Qigang, Liang, Yan, Song, Jie, Feng, Yadong, Li, Peng, Sun, Wei, and Zhao, Lingxiao
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SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma ,DEEP learning ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,ENDOSCOPY ,BLUE lasers ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common histological types of esophageal cancers. It can seriously affect public health, particularly in Eastern Asia. Early diagnosis and effective therapy of ESCC can significantly help improve patient prognoses. The visualization of intrapapillary capillary loops (IPCLs) under magnification endoscopy (ME) can greatly support the identification of ESCC occurrences by endoscopists. This paper proposes an artificial-intelligence-assisted endoscopic diagnosis approach using deep learning for localizing and identifying IPCLs to diagnose early-stage ESCC. An improved Faster region-based convolutional network (R-CNN) with a polarized self-attention (PSA)-HRNetV2p backbone was employed to automatically detect IPCLs in ME images. In our study, 2887 ME with blue laser imaging (ME-BLI) images of 246 patients and 493 ME with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) images of 81 patients were collected from multiple hospitals and used to train and test our detection model. The ME-NBI images were used as the external testing set to verify the generalizability of the model. The experimental evaluation revealed that the proposed method achieved a recall of 79.25%, precision of 75.54%, F1-score of 0.764 and mean average precision (mAP) of 74.95%. Our method outperformed other existing approaches in our evaluation. It can effectively improve the accuracy of ESCC detection and provide a useful adjunct to the assessment of early-stage ESCC for endoscopists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Salk teams assemble first full epigenomic cell atlas of the mouse brain.
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MOTOR cortex ,REGULATOR genes ,BRAIN diseases ,MICE ,GENE expression - Abstract
Researchers at the Salk Institute have analyzed over 2 million brain cells from mice to create the most comprehensive atlas of the mouse brain to date. The study, part of the National Institutes of Health's BRAIN Initiative, not only identifies the various cell types in the brain but also reveals how these cells connect and the genes and regulatory programs that are active in each cell. The data is publicly available and can be accessed through an online platform, providing a valuable resource for researchers studying the mouse brain. The study also includes other findings, such as the discovery of regulatory elements implicated in brain diseases and the identification of correlations between regulatory proteins and gene expression patterns in the motor cortex. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
13. International comparison of cross-disciplinary integration in industry 4.0: A co-authorship analysis using academic literature databases.
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Mizukami Y and Nakano J
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- Asia, Europe, North America, United States, Artificial Intelligence, Authorship
- Abstract
In innovation strategy, a type of Schumpeterian competitive strategy in business administration, "intra-individual diversity" has attracted attention as one factor for creating innovation. In this study, we redefine "framework for identifying researchers' areas of expertise" as "a framework for quantifying intra-individual diversity among researchers. Note that diversity here refers to authorship of articles in multiple research fields. The application of this framework then made it possible to visualize organizational diversity by accumulating the intra-individual diversity of researchers and to discuss the innovation strategy of the organization. The analysis in this study discusses how countries are promoting research on the topics of artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, which are at the core of Industry 4.0, from an innovation perspective. Note that Industry 4.0 is a technological framework that aims to "improve the efficiency of all social systems," "create new industries," and "increase intellectual productivity." For the analysis, we used 19-year bibliographic data (2000-2018) from the top 20 countries in terms of the number of papers in AI, big data, and IoT technologies. As the results, this study classified the styles of cross-disciplinary fusion into four patterns in AI and three patterns in big data. This study did not consider the results in IoT because of only small differences between countries. Furthermore, regional differences in the style of cross-disciplinary fusion were also observed, and the global innovation patterns in Industry 4.0 were classified into seven categories. In Europe and North America, the cross-disciplinary integration style was similar to that between the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, England, Italy, Canada, and France. In Asia, the cross-disciplinary fusion style was similar between China, Japan, and South Korea., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2022
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14. Selecting Cover Images for Restaurant Reviews: AI vs. Wisdom of the Crowd.
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Khern-am-nuai, Warut, So, Hyunji, Cohen, Maxime C., and Adulyasak, Yossiri
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SWARM intelligence ,RESTAURANT reviews ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,CROWDSOURCING ,FIELD research - Abstract
Problem definition: Restaurant review platforms, such as Yelp and TripAdvisor, routinely receive large numbers of photos in their review submissions. These photos provide significant value for users who seek to compare restaurants. In this context, the choice of cover images (i.e., representative photos of the restaurants) can greatly influence the level of user engagement on the platform. Unfortunately, selecting these images can be time consuming and often requires human intervention. At the same time, it is challenging to develop a systematic approach to assess the effectiveness of the selected images. Methodology/results: In this paper, we collaborate with a large review platform in Asia to investigate this problem. We discuss two image selection approaches, namely crowd-based and artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems. The AI-based system we use learns complex latent image features, which are further enhanced by transfer learning to overcome the scarcity of labeled data. We collaborate with the platform to deploy our AI-based system through a randomized field experiment to carefully compare both systems. We find that the AI-based system outperforms the crowd-based counterpart and boosts user engagement by 12.43%–16.05% on average. We then conduct empirical analyses on observational data to identify the underlying mechanisms that drive the superior performance of the AI-based system. Managerial implications: Finally, we infer from our findings that the AI-based system outperforms the crowd-based system for restaurants with (i) a longer tenure on the platform, (ii) a limited number of user-generated photos, (iii) a lower star rating, and (iv) lower user engagement during the crowd-based system. Funding: The authors acknowledge financial support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council [Grant 430-2020-00106]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0531. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Exploring the mechanism of crashes with automated vehicles using statistical modeling approaches.
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Wang, Song and Li, Zhixia
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STATISTICAL models ,CIVIL engineering ,TRAFFIC safety ,PHYSICAL sciences ,QUANTITATIVE research ,DISTRACTED driving ,CARRIAGES & carts - Abstract
Autonomous Vehicles (AV) technology is emerging. Field tests on public roads have been on going in several states in the US as well as in Europe and Asia. During the US public road tests, crashes with AV involved happened, which becomes a concern to the public. Most previous studies on AV safety relied heavily on assessing drivers’ performance and behaviors in a simulation environment and developing automated driving system performance in a closed field environment. However, contributing factors and the mechanism of AV-related crashes have not been comprehensively and quantitatively investigated due to the lack of field AV crash data. By harnessing California’s Report of Traffic Collision Involving an Autonomous Vehicle Database, which includes the AV crash data from 2014 to 2018, this paper investigates by far the most current and complete AV crash database in the US using statistical modeling approaches that involve both ordinal logistic regression and CART classification tree. The quantitative analysis based on ordinal logistic regression and CART models has successfully explored the mechanism of AV-related crash, via both perspectives of crash severity and collision types. Particularly, the CART model reveals and visualize the hierarchical structure of the AV crash mechanism with knowledge of how these traffic, roadway, and environmental contributing factors can lead to crashes of various serveries and collision types. Statistical analysis results indicate that crash severity significantly increases if the AV is responsible for the crash. The highway is identified as the location where severe injuries are likely to happen. AV collision types are affected by whether the vehicle is on automated driving mode, whether the crashes involve pedestrians/cyclists, as well as the roadway environment. The method used in this research provides a proven approach to statistically analyze and understand AV safety issues. And this benefit is potential be even enhanced with an increasing sample size of AV-related crashes records in the future. The comprehensive knowledge obtained ultimately facilitates assessing and improving safety performance of automated vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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16. Hydrological Projections in the Third Pole Using Artificial Intelligence and an Observation‐Constrained Cryosphere‐Hydrology Model.
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Long, Junshui, Wang, Lei, Chen, Deliang, Li, Ning, Zhou, Jing, Li, Xiuping, Guo, Xiaoyu, Liu, Hu, Chai, Chenhao, and Fan, Xinfeng
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,ALPINE glaciers ,GLACIERS ,ATMOSPHERIC temperature ,GLACIAL melting ,WATER security ,WATER distribution - Abstract
The water resources of the Third Pole (TP), highly sensitive to climate change and glacier melting, significantly impact the water and food security of millions in Asia. However, projecting future spatial‐temporal runoff changes for TP's mountainous basins remains a formidable challenge. Here, we've leveraged the long short‐term memory model (LSTM) to craft a grid‐scale artificial intelligence (AI) model named LSTM‐grid. This model has enabled the production of hydrological projections for the seven major river basins of TP. The LSTM‐grid model integrates monthly precipitation, air temperature, and total glacier mass changes (total_GMC) data at a 0.25‐degree model grid. Training the LSTM‐grid model employed gridded historical monthly runoff and evapotranspiration data sets generated by an observation‐constrained cryosphere‐hydrology model at the headwaters of seven TP river basins during 2000–2017. Our results demonstrate the LSTM grid's effectiveness and usefulness, exhibiting a Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient exceeding 0.92 during the verification periods (2013–2017). Moreover, river basins in the monsoon region exhibited a higher rate of runoff increase compared to those in the westerlies region. Intra‐annual projections indicated notable increases in spring runoff, especially in basins where glacier meltwater significantly contributes to runoff. Additionally, the LSTM‐grid model aptly captures the runoff changes before and after the turning points of glacier melting, highlighting the growing influence of precipitation on runoff after reaching the maximum total_GMC. Therefore, the LSTM‐grid model offers a fresh perspective for understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of water resources in high‐mountain glacial regions by tapping into AI's potential to drive scientific discovery and provide reliable data. Plain Language Summary: Water resources of the Third Pole (TP) significantly impact the water and food security in Asia. However, projecting future spatial‐temporal runoff changes for the TP's mountain basins remains a challenge. Here, we've leveraged the long short‐term memory (LSTM) model to craft a gridded artificial intelligence model (named LSTM‐grid). Trained by the outputs of an observation‐constrained distributed cryosphere‐hydrology model, the LSTM‐grid has enabled reliable spatiotemporal runoff and evapotranspiration projections for the headwaters of seven TP rivers (Yellow, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween, Brahmaputra, Ganges, Indus) till 2100. Our projections show that the river basins in the monsoon region exhibit a higher rate of runoff increase compared to those in the westerlies region. In particular, the proposed approach in this study can reasonably capture the runoff changes before and after the turning points of glacier melting without prior knowledge, highlighting the growing influence of precipitation on runoff after reaching the maximum total glacier mass changes (of a river basin). Hence, the LSTM‐grid model provides a fresh perspective for understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of water resources in high‐mountain glacial regions. Key Points: We use artificial intelligence and an observation‐constrained cryosphere‐hydrology model to project future runoff for seven high‐mountain Third Pole basinsResults show that river basins in the monsoon region exhibited a higher rate of runoff increase compared to those in the westerlies regionThe proposed approach can aptly simulate runoff changes before and after the turning points of glacier melting without prior knowledge [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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17. Artificial intelligence performance in detecting lymphoma from medical imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Bai, Anying, Si, Mingyu, Xue, Peng, Qu, Yimin, and Jiang, Yu
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DEEP learning ,COMPUTER-assisted image analysis (Medicine) ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,LYMPHOMAS ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
Background: Accurate diagnosis and early treatment are essential in the fight against lymphatic cancer. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of medical imaging shows great potential, but the diagnostic accuracy of lymphoma is unclear. This study was done to systematically review and meta-analyse researches concerning the diagnostic performance of AI in detecting lymphoma using medical imaging for the first time. Methods: Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, IEEE and Cochrane up to December 2023. Data extraction and assessment of the included study quality were independently conducted by two investigators. Studies that reported the diagnostic performance of an AI model/s for the early detection of lymphoma using medical imaging were included in the systemic review. We extracted the binary diagnostic accuracy data to obtain the outcomes of interest: sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and Area Under the Curve (AUC). The study was registered with the PROSPERO, CRD42022383386. Results: Thirty studies were included in the systematic review, sixteen of which were meta-analyzed with a pooled sensitivity of 87% (95%CI 83–91%), specificity of 94% (92–96%), and AUC of 97% (95–98%). Satisfactory diagnostic performance was observed in subgroup analyses based on algorithms types (machine learning versus deep learning, and whether transfer learning was applied), sample size (≤ 200 or > 200), clinicians versus AI models and geographical distribution of institutions (Asia versus non-Asia). Conclusions: Even if possible overestimation and further studies with a better standards for application of AI algorithms in lymphoma detection are needed, we suggest the AI may be useful in lymphoma diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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18. Awareness, benefits, threats, attitudes, and satisfaction with AI tools among Asian and African higher education staff and students.
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Ahmad, Muayyad, Subih, Maha, Fawaz, Mirna, Alnuqaidan, Hanan, Abuejheisheh, Ashraf, Naqshbandi, Vian, and Alhalaiqa, Fadwa
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HIGHER education ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,SATISFACTION ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) - Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are now used in our daily lives. This study aimed to explore the level of awareness, perceived benefits, threats, attitudes, and level of satisfaction with AI tools among individuals within higher education in Asia and Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2023. Snowball sampling was used with a convenience sample of 815 highly educated Asian and African participants from 11 countries. About 56% of participants have Bachelor's degrees. 312 participants (38%) were unaware of AI tools and AI tools were used rarely by 316 (63%) of 503 participants who were aware of them. ChatGPT is the most popular of this study's AI tools (N=405, 81%). Participants who used AI tools reported greater benefits than those who did not (p < 0.05). Of the four educational groups, those with a Master's degree reported a higher AI tool threat than those with a Diploma (P < 0.05). Female participants reported more AI-related threats than males (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this research is important because of the rapid development of modern technology around the world. Nevertheless, Asia and Africa still lag behind developed nations in AI technology awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Connectivity conceptual modelling for plant agriculture artificial intelligence information systems.
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Kalichkin, Vladimir, Koryakin, Roman A., and Maksimovich, Kirill
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems ,UNIFIED modeling language ,CONCEPTUAL models ,CLIMATE extremes ,FARMS - Abstract
Progressive development of intellectual and expert information systems in plant agriculture requires more fundamental knowledge about local land agro- and ecosystem unique features, especially for regions with extreme climate conditions like Northern Asia. Each farm agriculture complex needs a lot of specific customization for digital technology applications which rises a need for effective knowledge base organization to perform an efficient data analysis and simulation modelling. For this purpose, conceptual modeling of spatial land characteristics was conducted using semantic network model. Formal modeling language UML was applied to fix 46 classes, attributes and relations as main abstract objects for agriculture land characteristic ontologies. Basing on which and independently of expert knowledge, a variety of 11 218 UML methods was designed and described. Upon expert consideration of the research, 7 types of data dependencies were classified, each of them allowing to calculate one given land characteristic using collected data for other ones. Results reveal clear classification of trajectories to build a digital image of agricultural land saving all possible variants for simulation modeling interpretations. Generalized semantic network for agricultural intellectual information system development is presented containing 36 basic entities and separating real agriculture from its digital image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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20. Xiong'an station, China – how the largest station in Asia was built in just 2 years.
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Zhou, Man, Zhuang, Haiyan, Li, Changqing, and Su, Xiaolong
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WIRELESS Internet ,BUILDING information modeling ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,INTERNET of things ,INFORMATION technology ,RAILROAD stations ,CLOUD computing - Abstract
Xiong'an railway station near Beijing in China is the largest railway station in Asia. It was opened in December 2020 and took just 2 years to build. Novel features include extensive use of fair-faced concrete, self-sufficiency in lighting energy, sound-absorbing platform walls and artificial intelligence for real-time building management. The construction team focused on quality management and control throughout delivery, with extensive use of smart construction techniques. These included cloud computing, the internet of things, big data, artificial intelligence, mobile internet and building information modelling technology. The result is a world-class transportation hub delivered in record time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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21. Experimental and Probabilistic Investigations of the Effect of Fly Ash Dosage on Concrete Compressive Strength and Stress-strain Relationship.
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Truong-Thang Nguyen and Viet-Hung Dang
- Subjects
FLY ash ,COMPRESSIVE strength ,STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,CONCRETE ,PORTLAND cement - Abstract
The effect of fly ash (FA) dosage on concrete's compressive strength and stress-strain relationship is investigated in two steps in this article. First, an experimental program was conducted on concrete mixtures designed with 0% (control batch of 30 MPa mean cylinder compressive strength), 10, 20, 30, and 40% of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mass replaced by FA, which is taken from a new source in an Asia country. The test results showed that compared to other investigated dosages, concrete using 20% FA/OPC mass-replacement gained the most improvement in the 28-day compressive strength and tensile split strength, as well as the compressive strength development. Second, a probabilistic investigation was conducted using Dropout Neural Network, Bayesian Neural Network, and Gaussian Process models. These artificial intelligence-based models were compared to other models reviewed from the literature, showing relatively good results in terms of the statistical metric R2, which are 0.92, 0.9, and 0.88, respectively. The three models were tested and validated with a dataset of 1032 experimental results on FAC collected from the literature. When testing with the experimental results obtained in the first step, a good correlation between the predicted values and the experimental results was observed within the confidence interval of (5%, 95%), showing the reliability of the proposed models. Thus, the stressstrain relationship of fly ash concrete can also be investigated in a probabilistic manner. It is proved in this study that among the proposed models, Dropout Neural Network has the best balance between performance and time complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Influence of intellectual capital and integration on operational performance: big data analytical capability perspectives.
- Author
-
Chen, Chun-Hsi Vivian and Chen, Yu-Cheng
- Subjects
HUMAN capital ,INTELLECTUAL capital ,BIG data ,CONFIRMATORY factor analysis ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
Purpose: In the digital economy, as artificial intelligence applications increase, big data analytical capability (BDAC) plays a crucial role, and intellectual capital is growing in importance. This study aims to examine the possible benefits and effects of intellectual capital, BDAC and integrations on operational performance. Design/methodology/approach: This study collected data from firms in Asia, and a total of 257 senior managers completed a questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) is used for statistical analysis. Findings: Intellectual capital positively correlates with BDAC, and BDAC positively relates to internal integration but not to external integration. Furthermore, both internal integration and external integration positively correlate with operational performance. This study supports that internal integration is a significant mediator in the influence of BDAC on operational performance. Practical implications: First, the authors provide empirical evidence that intelligent capital in intangible resources helps firms to build BDAC. Second, this study stresses the importance of BDAC in business, which enhances the integration of the whole supply chain and results in superior operational performance. Originality/value: This is a first attempt from the perspective of intelligent capital and uses SEM to emphasize the relationships among BDAC, supply chain integration and performance based on unique and irreplaceable intangible resources, thus providing a new perspective on the contributing factors of BDAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. RE-MODELLING THE HOSPITALITY BUSINESS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A STRATEGIC TOOL.
- Author
-
Gupta, Hima
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,HOSPITALITY industry ,HOTEL management ,HOTEL customer services ,SYNCHRONIZATION ,CHATBOTS - Abstract
There is a palpable rise of artificial intelligence (AI) application in the hospitality industry. This phenomenon is a potent competitive equalizer allowing hospitality firms to stay competitive with the changing dynamics of operative aspects. Internet of things (IoT) enabled connection of motion sensors, room control, and smart voice control are a few of the AI applications that can change hotel functions. This can relieve hotel staff from time-consuming chores. The aim of this study is to identify the usage of Artificial Intelligence in the hospitality industry. Also to see how far it is successful in Asia as compare to other countries worldwide. AI's power to enhance communication flow both inside and outside of hotels between service and guests can transform overall interactions with guests. Despite the benefits, the future cannot rely completely on hotel staff completely replaced by AI and chatbots. Instead, information management and AI-powered virtual assistants are functioning as a complementary factor in synchronizing the operations of critical elements that in turn create a streamlined hotel management system. The researcher has done a thorough literature review and found that very few people have worked in the area of usage of Artificial Intelligence as a tool in the hospitality industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
24. Toxins and Medicines – Two Sides of the Same Coin (Vol. 26, No. 09n10, Full Issue).
- Subjects
MYCOTOXINS ,TOXINS ,SNAKE venom ,METABOLITES ,PLANT metabolites ,POISONS ,AFLATOXINS - Abstract
For the months of September and October 2022, APBN looks at toxins from the natural world and consider its benefits to humanity despite the negative connotation. First up, we have a contribution from Vanessa Lunardi on snake venoms in venom therapy. Then Tara Ng dives into plant secondary metabolites, its properties, and potential applications. While not wholly related to venom therapy, Chang Wei and Dr Mohd Redzwan Sabran from the University of Putra Malaysia, discuss a family of fungal toxins called aflatoxins, its toxic effects, and how probiotics might have aflatoxin-reducing properties. Other highlights in this issue include a column by Dr Chen Min Wei, Consultant Surgeon from the National Neuroscience Institute, and Samuel Choo, Co-Founder and Head of Product at Kyalio, on how immersive virtual reality is bridging the gap between studying and performing surgery, and an interview with Andreas Joergensen, Managing Director of the SEA Cluster at Organon, on women's healthcare and reproductive health awareness in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. A Comparative Study of Artificial Intelligence Models and A Statistical Method for Groundwater Level Prediction.
- Author
-
Poursaeid, Mojtaba, Poursaeid, Amir Houssain, and Shabanlou, Saeid
- Subjects
WATER table ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,STATISTICAL models ,MACHINE learning ,SUPPORT vector machines - Abstract
Today, various methods have been developed to extract drinking water resources, which scientists use to simulate the quantitative and qualitative water resources parameters. Due to Iran's geographical and climatic characteristics, this region is located on the drought belt in Asia. In this research, some Artificial Intelligence (AI) and mathematical models have been used for groundwater level prediction. The AI models used for this research are Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model. In this study, simultaneously, these models were used to simulate and estimate groundwater level (GWL). The database used in the simulation is the data related to the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Salinity (S), and Time (t) parameters. The results showed that ELM was more accurate than other methods. In Uncertainty Wilson Score Method (UWSM) analysis, ELM had an Underestimation performance and was determined as the more precise model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Special Report: Smart Projects in Smart Asia.
- Author
-
Seung Yoon Lee
- Subjects
SYSTEMS design ,SUSTAINABLE design ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,REMOTE sensing ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,TECHNOLOGY transfer ,SMARTPHONES ,CONTEXTUAL analysis - Abstract
The article reflects on the meaning of smart in the modern context of technology. Noted is the association of the term being referred with the actions, thoughts, and languages that are used in defining the capacity of artificial intelligence. Highlighted is the emergence of personal and/or family-friendly technology such as the use of smartphones, smart tablets, and smart television (TV) that can be compared with the evolution of remote sensing. Indicated is that studies exploring smart design has been at a top priority in universities and colleges in Asia.
- Published
- 2011
27. Studies from Jiangnan University Add New Findings in the Area of Artificial Intelligence (Ai-based Additive Manufacturing for Future Food: Potential Applications Challenges and Possible Solutions).
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,FOOD industry ,FOOD additives ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
A study conducted by researchers at Jiangnan University in Jiangsu, China explores the potential applications, challenges, and solutions of AI-based additive manufacturing technology in the food industry. The study highlights how AI can collect and analyze data to ensure personalized, high-quality, and safe printed food products. The integration of AI and food additive manufacturing has the potential to improve efficiency, quality, and sustainability in the food industry, offering consumers more diverse and nutritionally balanced food choices. The research concludes that AI-based food additive manufacturing technology can drive the digital transformation of the food industry. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
28. New Findings in Sustainability Research Described from Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (Pandemic-resilient Investment: Sustainable Knowledge Infrastructure for Medical Ai).
- Subjects
SUSTAINABLE investing ,GREEN infrastructure ,FOREIGN study ,SUSTAINABILITY ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
Researchers from Guangdong University of Foreign Studies in Guangzhou, China, have proposed a new framework for ensuring equitable access to medical AI technologies. The researchers argue that existing patent-sharing mechanisms have been insufficient in bridging the gap in accessibility. Their proposed framework calls for international collaboration and reciprocity among states to make patented medical technologies universally and affordably accessible, while also compelling patent holders to embrace ethical responsibility. The researchers believe that their framework has the potential to create a future where medical advancements reach every corner of the globe, promoting health equity. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
29. Recent Findings from Yeungnam University Has Provided New Information about Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence-based Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis: a Comprehensive Review of Modern Techniques).
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MYOCARDIAL infarction ,DIAGNOSIS ,HEART diseases ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,VASCULAR diseases - Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at Yeungnam University in Gyongsan, South Korea, explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack. The study highlights the limitations of manual interpretation of diagnostic methods and the potential for inconsistencies among different observers. The researchers review the current state-of-the-art methods in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models for MI detection and discuss the advantages and limitations of AI-based approaches. The ultimate goal of this research is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of MI diagnosis, leading to more timely and effective treatment for patients. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
30. A Rule-Based AI Method for an Agent Playing Big Two.
- Author
-
Sugiyanto, Fernando, Gerry, Tai, Wen-Kai, Meisen, Tobias, and Divina, Federico
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,CARD games ,MULTIPLAYER games - Abstract
Big Two is a popular multiplayer card game in Asia. This research proposes a new method, named rule-based AI, for an agent playing Big Two. The novel method derives rules based on the number of cards the AI agent has left and the control position. The rules for two to four cards left are used to select the card combination to discard based on the number of cards remaining in the agent's hand. The rules for more than four cards left conditionally prioritize discarding the card combination in the classified cards with lower priority. A winning strategy provides guidelines to guarantee that the AI agent will win when a win is achievable within three moves. We also design the rules for the AI agent without control for holding cards and splitting cards. The experimental results show that our proposed AI agent can play Big Two well and outperform randomized AI, conventional AI, and human players, presenting winning rates of 89.60%, 73.00%, and 55.05%, respectively, with the capability of maximizing the winning score and minimizing the number of cards left when the chance of winning is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Predictive Algorithm for Surgery Recommendation in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures Without Neurological Deficits.
- Author
-
Dandurand, Charlotte, Fallah, Nader, Öner, Cumhur F., Bransford, Richard J., Schnake, Klaus, Vaccaro, Alexander R., Benneker, Lorin M., Vialle, Emiliano, Schroeder, Gregory D., Rajasekaran, Shanmuganathan, El-Skarkawi, Mohammad, Kanna, Rishi M., Aly, Mohamed, Holas, Martin, Canseco, Jose A, Muijs, Sander, Popescu, Eugen Cezar, Tee, Jin Wee, Camino-Willhuber, Gaston, and Joaquim, Andrei Fernandes
- Subjects
CLINICAL prediction rules ,DECISION trees ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,REGRESSION trees ,ALGORITHMS ,DECISION making - Abstract
Study design: Predictive algorithm via decision tree Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) remain an emerging field and have not previously been used to guide therapeutic decision making in thoracolumbar burst fractures. Building such models may reduce the variability in treatment recommendations. The goal of this study was to build a mathematical prediction rule based upon radiographic variables to guide treatment decisions. Methods: Twenty-two surgeons from the AO Knowledge Forum Trauma reviewed 183 cases from the Spine TL A3/A4 prospective study (classification, degree of certainty of posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) injury, use of M1 modifier, degree of comminution, treatment recommendation). Reviewers' regions were classified as Europe, North/South America and Asia. Classification and regression trees were used to create models that would predict the treatment recommendation based upon radiographic variables. We applied the decision tree model which accounts for the possibility of non-normal distributions of data. Cross-validation technique as used to validate the multivariable analyses. Results: The accuracy of the model was excellent at 82.4%. Variables included in the algorithm were certainty of PLC injury (%), degree of comminution (%), the use of M1 modifier and geographical regions. The algorithm showed that if a patient has a certainty of PLC injury over 57.5%, then there is a 97.0% chance of receiving surgery. If certainty of PLC injury was low and comminution was above 37.5%, a patient had 74.2% chance of receiving surgery in Europe and Asia vs 22.7% chance in North/South America. Throughout the algorithm, the use of the M1 modifier increased the probability of receiving surgery by 21.4% on average. Conclusion: This study presents a predictive analytic algorithm to guide decision-making in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurological deficits. PLC injury assessment over 57.5% was highly predictive of receiving surgery (97.0%). A high degree of comminution resulted in a higher chance of receiving surgery in Europe or Asia vs North/South America. Future studies could include clinical and other variables to enhance predictive ability or use machine learning for outcomes prediction in thoracolumbar burst fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. "AI's gonna have an impact on everything in society, so it has to have an impact on public health": a fundamental qualitative descriptive study of the implications of artificial intelligence for public health.
- Author
-
Morgenstern, Jason D., Rosella, Laura C., Daley, Mark J., Goel, Vivek, Schünemann, Holger J., and Piggott, Thomas
- Subjects
POPULATION health ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MACHINE learning ,PREVENTIVE medicine ,BIG data ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
Background: Our objective was to determine the impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) on public health practice.Methods: We used a fundamental qualitative descriptive study design, enrolling 15 experts in public health and AI from June 2018 until July 2019 who worked in North America and Asia. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews, iteratively coded the resulting transcripts, and analyzed the results thematically.Results: We developed 137 codes, from which nine themes emerged. The themes included opportunities such as leveraging big data and improving interventions; barriers to adoption such as confusion regarding AI's applicability, limited capacity, and poor data quality; and risks such as propagation of bias, exacerbation of inequity, hype, and poor regulation.Conclusions: Experts are cautiously optimistic about AI's impacts on public health practice, particularly for improving disease surveillance. However, they perceived substantial barriers, such as a lack of available expertise, and risks, including inadequate regulation. Therefore, investment and research into AI for public health practice would likely be beneficial. However, increased access to high-quality data, research and education regarding the limitations of AI, and development of rigorous regulation are necessary to realize these benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Artificial intelligence in colonoscopy ‐ Now on the market. What's next?
- Author
-
Mori, Yuichi, Neumann, Helmut, Misawa, Masashi, Kudo, Shin‐ei, and Bretthauer, Michael
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,COLONOSCOPY ,ADENOMA ,REGULATORY approval ,ENDOSCOPY - Abstract
Adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical medicine is revolutionizing daily practice. In the field of colonoscopy, major endoscopy manufacturers have already launched their own AI products on the market with regulatory approval in Europe and Asia. This commercialization is strongly supported by positive evidence that has been recently established through rigorously designed prospective trials and randomized controlled trials. According to some of the trials, AI tools possibly increase the adenoma detection rate by roughly 50% and contribute to a 7–20% reduction of colonoscopy‐related costs. Given that reliable evidence is emerging, together with active commercialization, this seems to be a good time for us to review and discuss the current status of AI in colonoscopy from a clinical perspective. In this review, we introduce the advantages and possible drawbacks of AI tools and explore their future potential including the possibility of obtaining reimbursement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Bangladesh University of Professionals Reports Findings in Alzheimer Disease (Explainable AI-based Alzheimer's prediction and management using multimodal data).
- Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MACHINE learning ,ALZHEIMER'S patients ,CENTRAL nervous system diseases - Abstract
A report from the Bangladesh University of Professionals discusses the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and the need for accurate diagnosis. The report proposes a novel explainable Alzheimer's disease prediction model that uses a multimodal dataset, including clinical data, MRI segmentation data, and psychological data. The study utilizes nine popular machine learning models and finds that the Random Forest classifier performs the best, with a 10-fold cross-validation accuracy of 98.81%. The report also proposes a new architecture for managing Alzheimer's patients. This research is the first to present a multimodal five-class classification of Alzheimer's disease using the OASIS-3 dataset. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
35. Genetic Studies for Diabetes in Asia – The Key to Precision Medicine (Vol. 24, No. 11, Full Issue).
- Subjects
INDIVIDUALIZED medicine ,SPACE industrialization ,ASIANS ,SPACE tourism ,DIABETES - Abstract
For the month of November 2020, APBN takes a dive into the genetic links behind the diabetes epidemic in Asia. Looking specifically at genetic markers for diabetes in Asian populations, researchers have discovered unique identifiers that could promote development precision medicine for diabetes in the Asia Pacific region. In the Spotlights, we explore innovative research from the 2020 Tokyo Tech Research Showcase and how they are helping to build a greener and sustainable future. Check out in our columns the future of commercial space flight and how space tourism is becoming a reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Comparison of neuron-based, kernel-based, tree-based and curve-based machine learning models for predicting daily reference evapotranspiration.
- Author
-
Wu, Lifeng and Fan, Junliang
- Subjects
PLANT transpiration ,MACHINE learning ,EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ,IRRIGATION scheduling ,WATER management ,PHYSICAL sciences - Abstract
Accurately predicting reference evapotranspiration (ET
0 ) with limited climatic data is crucial for irrigation scheduling design and agricultural water management. This study evaluated eight machine learning models in four categories, i.e. neuron-based (MLP, GRNN and ANFIS), kernel-based (SVM, KNEA), tree-based (M5Tree, XGBoost) and curve-based (MARS) models, for predicting daily ET0 with maximum/maximum temperature and precipitation data during 2001–2015 from 14 stations in various climatic regions of China, i.e., arid desert of northwest China (NWC), semi-arid steppe of Inner Mongolia (IM), Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), (semi-)humid cold-temperate northeast China (NEC), semi-humid warm-temperate north China (NC), humid subtropical central China (CC) and humid tropical south China (SC). The results showed machine learning models using only temperature data obtained satisfactory daily ET0 estimates (on average R2 = 0.829, RMSE = 0.718 mm day−1 , NRMSE = 0.250 and MAE = 0.508 mm day−1 ). The prediction accuracy was improved by 7.6% across China when information of precipitation was further considered, particularly in (sub)tropical humid regions (by 9.7% in CC and 12.4% in SC). The kernel-based SVM, KNEA and curve-based MARS models generally outperformed the others in terms of prediction accuracy, with the best performance by KNEA in NWC and IM, by SVM in QTP, CC and SC, and very similar performance by them in NEC and NC. SVM (1.9%), MLP (2.0%), MARS (2.6%) and KNEA (6.4%) showed relatively small average increases in RMSE during testing compared with training RMSE. SVM is highly recommended for predicting daily ET0 across China in light of best accuracy and stability, while KNEA and MARS are also promising powerful models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A Methodology for Complex Social Simulations.
- Author
-
Cioffi-Revilla, Claudio
- Subjects
SOCIAL science methodology ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,SOCIAL networks ,SIMULATION methods & models - Abstract
Social simulation — an emerging field of computational social science — has progressed from simple toy models to increasingly realistic models of complex social systems, such as agent-based models where heterogeneous agents interact with changing natural or artificial environments. These larger, multidisciplinary projects require a scientific research methodology distinct from, say, simpler social simulations with more limited scope, intentionally minimal complexity, and typically under a single investigator. This paper proposes a methodology for complex social simulations — particularly inter- and multi-disciplinary socio-natural systems with multi-level architecture — based on a succession of models akin to but distinct from the late Imre Lakatos' notion of a 'research programme'. The proposed methodology is illustrated through examples from the Mason-Smithsonian project on agent-based models of the rise and fall of polities in Inner Asia. While the proposed methodology requires further development, so far it has proven valuable for advancing the scientific objectives of the project and avoiding some pitfalls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Succeeding in the Asian Century: Insights and trends that matter.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL competition ,EXECUTIVES ,BUSINESS success ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
The article offers the insights of inventor and co-founder Steve Wozniak of Apple Computer and chief customer officer Martijn Blanken at Telstra Global Enterprise and Services, a division of telecommunications company Telstra, during the World Business Forum Hong Kong 2015 on international competition. Topics discussed include the need for Asian executives to adopt innovation and collaboration for disruptive transformation and leadership, artificial intelligence (AI), and virtualization.
- Published
- 2015
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