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The factors associated with hypertension awareness, treatment and control were studied in 45 925 rural Chinese aged ⩾35 years. Of all hypertensives (n=17 355), 29.5% were aware of their condition, 20.2% were receiving treatment and only 0.9% had their blood pressure (BP) adequately controlled, and most hypertensives in rural China did not comprehend the fatalness of high BP. Results indicate that more attention is needed in improving the cognitional level of hypertensive fatalness and more effort is also needed in promoting hypertension awareness, treatment and control among all hypertensives in rural China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]