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1. Pan-cancer analysis of pre-diagnostic blood metabolite concentrations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Author

Marie Breeur, Pietro Ferrari, Laure Dossus, Mazda Jenab, Mattias Johansson, Sabina Rinaldi, Ruth C. Travis, Mathilde His, Tim J. Key, Julie A. Schmidt, Kim Overvad, Anne Tjønneland, Cecilie Kyrø, Joseph A. Rothwell, Nasser Laouali, Gianluca Severi, Rudolf Kaaks, Verena Katzke, Matthias B. Schulze, Fabian Eichelmann, Domenico Palli, Sara Grioni, Salvatore Panico, Rosario Tumino, Carlotta Sacerdote, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Karina Standahl Olsen, Torkjel Manning Sandanger, Therese Haugdahl Nøst, J. Ramón Quirós, Catalina Bonet, Miguel Rodríguez Barranco, María-Dolores Chirlaque, Eva Ardanaz, Malte Sandsveden, Jonas Manjer, Linda Vidman, Matilda Rentoft, David Muller, Kostas Tsilidis, Alicia K. Heath, Hector Keun, Jerzy Adamski, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen, Augustin Scalbert, Marc J. Gunter, Vivian Viallon, Cancer Research UK, Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ, Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC: 2014/1183, C8221/A19170, Seventh Framework Programme, FP7: 2014/1193, 313010, C19335/A21351, National Research Council, NRC, World Cancer Research Fund International, WCRF, University of Maryland School of Public Health, SPH, Medical Research Council, MRC: MR/M012190/1, Cancer Research UK, CRUK: C8221/A29017, World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF, Imperial College London, European Commission, EC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, Cancerfonden, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport, VWS, Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, ARC, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Vetenskapsrådet, VR, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC, Deutsche Krebshilfe, Institut National Du Cancer, INCa: 2009-139, 2013/1002, 2014-1-RT-02-CIRC-1, 2015-166, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, MGEN, Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía, NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, BRC, The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and by the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, which has additional infrastructure support provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)., This paper is dedicated to the memory our of colleague Dr. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita. Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization., The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (Germany), Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy, Compagnia di SanPaolo and National Research Council (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands), Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk, C8221/A29017 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (UK). IDIBELL acknowledges support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. The breast cancer study was funded by the French National Cancer Institute (grant number 2015-166). The colorectal cancer studies were funded by World Cancer Research Fund (reference: 2013/1002, reference: 313010, reference: 2014/1193, INCa, grant numbers 2009-139 and 2014-1-RT-02-CIRC-1) and by internal funds of the IARC. For the participants in the prostate cancer study, sample retrieval and preparation, and assays of metabolites were supported by Cancer Research UK (C8221/A19170), and funding for grant 2014/1183 was obtained from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF UK), as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant programme. Mathilde His’ work reported here was undertaken during the tenure of a postdoctoral fellowship awarded by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, financed by the Fondation ARC. The funders were not involved in designing the study, collecting, analysing, and interpreting results, or writing and submitting the manuscript for publication., and HAL UVSQ, Équipe

Subjects
Male, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Proline, Glutamine, Kidney, Risk Factors, General & Internal Medicine, Humans, Metabolomics, Histidine, Prospective Studies, Breast, Càncer, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Colorectal, Cancer, Cancer och onkologi, Liver Neoplasms, Prostate, Lysophosphatidylcholines, General Medicine, Sphingomyelins, Metabolòmica, Liver, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, Cancer and Oncology, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis, Phosphatidylcholines, Epic, Endometrial, Lasso, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, EPIC
Abstract

Background Epidemiological studies of associations between metabolites and cancer risk have typically focused on specific cancer types separately. Here, we designed a multivariate pan-cancer analysis to identify metabolites potentially associated with multiple cancer types, while also allowing the investigation of cancer type-specific associations. Methods We analysed targeted metabolomics data available for 5828 matched case-control pairs from cancer-specific case-control studies on breast, colorectal, endometrial, gallbladder, kidney, localized and advanced prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. From pre-diagnostic blood levels of an initial set of 117 metabolites, 33 cluster representatives of strongly correlated metabolites and 17 single metabolites were derived by hierarchical clustering. The mutually adjusted associations of the resulting 50 metabolites with cancer risk were examined in penalized conditional logistic regression models adjusted for body mass index, using the data-shared lasso penalty. Results Out of the 50 studied metabolites, (i) six were inversely associated with the risk of most cancer types: glutamine, butyrylcarnitine, lysophosphatidylcholine a C18:2, and three clusters of phosphatidylcholines (PCs); (ii) three were positively associated with most cancer types: proline, decanoylcarnitine, and one cluster of PCs; and (iii) 10 were specifically associated with particular cancer types, including histidine that was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk and one cluster of sphingomyelins that was inversely associated with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and positively with endometrial cancer risk. Conclusions These results could provide novel insights for the identification of pathways for cancer development, in particular those shared across different cancer types.

Published
2022

2. Modeling Interactions among Migration, Growth and Pressure in Tumor Dynamics

Author

Juan Campos, Juan José Soler, Juan Melchor, Beatriz Blanco, [Blanco, Beatriz] Univ Granada, Dept Struct Mech, Granada 18071, Spain, [Blanco, Beatriz] Ibs GRANADA, Inst Invest Biosanitaria, Granada 18012, Spain, [Melchor, Juan] Ibs GRANADA, Inst Invest Biosanitaria, Granada 18012, Spain, [Campos, Juan] Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Matemat Aplicada, Granada 18071, Spain, [Soler, Juan] Univ Granada, Fac Ciencias, Dept Matemat Aplicada, Granada 18071, Spain, [Campos, Juan] Univ Granada, Res Unit Modelling Nat MNat, Granada 18071, Spain, [Melchor, Juan] Univ Granada, Res Unit Modelling Nat MNat, Granada 18071, Spain, [Soler, Juan] Univ Granada, Res Unit Modelling Nat MNat, Granada 18071, Spain, [Melchor, Juan] Univ Granada, Dept Stat & Operat Res, Granada 18071, Spain, MINECO-Feder (Spain), Junta de Andalucia (Spain), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain, Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), [Blanco,B] Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Blanco,B, Melchor,J] Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain. [Campos,J, Soler,J] Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. [Campos,J, Melchor,J, Soler,J] Research Unit 'Modelling Nature' (MNat), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain., and This paper has been partially supported by the MINECO-Feder (Spain) research grant num bers RTI2018-098850-B-I00 (J.C., J.S.) & EQC2018-004508-P (B.B., J.M.), the Junta de Andalucía (Spain) Projects PY18-RT-2422 (J.C., J.S.), A-FQM-311-UGR18 (J.C., J.S.) & IE2017-5537 (B.B., J.M.), and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, project number DTS17/00087 (J.M., J.S.). This study was also funded by Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain, project numbers DPI2017-85359-R (B.B., J.M.) & PID2019-106947RA-C22 (B.B., J.M.) and by Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. SOMM17/6109/UGR (J.C., J.M., J.S.). Lastly, B.B. research was granted by Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain, FPU2017/01415.

Subjects
Computer science, 01 natural sciences, Forces, Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Movement [Medical Subject Headings], Diffusion, porous media, Qualitative behavior, Computer Science (miscellaneous), Numerical simulations, Homeostasis, Statistical physics, Diffusion (business), Solid tumor, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Mortality::Cause of Death [Medical Subject Headings], Cancer, 0303 health sciences, Partial differential equation, Mathematical modelling, Dynamics (mechanics), Traveling-waves, mathematical modeling, tumor dynamics, Phenomena and Processes::Chemical Phenomena::Biochemical Phenomena::Biochemical Processes::Signal Transduction [Medical Subject Headings], Diseases::Neoplasms [Medical Subject Headings], flux-saturated, Modelos teóricos, General Mathematics, Phenomena and Processes::Physical Phenomena::Mechanical Phenomena::Porosity [Medical Subject Headings], Context (language use), Information Science::Information Science::Communication::Cybernetics::Feedback [Medical Subject Headings], cell motility, Stress, Mechanics, 03 medical and health sciences, QA1-939, Hele-Shaw model, Movimiento celular, Phenomena and Processes::Physical Phenomena::Mechanical Phenomena::Elasticity [Medical Subject Headings], 0101 mathematics, Engineering (miscellaneous), 030304 developmental biology, Computer simulation, 010102 general mathematics, Porous-media equations, Mass, numerical simulation, Floculadores, Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Transdifferentiation::Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition [Medical Subject Headings], mechanical feedback, Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Physiological Processes::Homeostasis [Medical Subject Headings], Mathematics
Abstract

What are the biomechanical implications in the dynamics and evolution of a growing solid tumor? Although the analysis of some of the biochemical aspects related to the signaling pathways involved in the spread of tumors has advanced notably in recent times, their feedback with the mechanical aspects is a crucial challenge for a global understanding of the problem. The aim of this paper is to try to illustrate the role and the interaction between some evolutionary processes (growth, pressure, homeostasis, elasticity, or dispersion by flux-saturated and porous media) that lead to collective cell dynamics and defines a propagation front that is in agreement with the experimental data. The treatment of these topics is approached mainly from the point of view of the modeling and the numerical approach of the resulting system of partial differential equations, which can be placed in the context of the Hele-Shaw-type models. This study proves that local growth terms related to homeostatic pressure give rise to retrograde diffusion phenomena, which compete against migration through flux-saturated dispersion terms., MINECO-Feder (Spain) research grant numbers RTI2018-098850-B-I00 (J.C., J.S.) & EQC2018-004508-P (B.B., J.M.), Junta de Andalucía (Spain) Projects PY18-RT-2422 (J.C., J.S.), A-FQM-311-UGR18 (J.C., J.S.) & IE2017-5537 (B.B., J.M.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, project number DTS17/00087 (J.M., J.S.), Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain, project numbers DPI2017-85359-R (B.B., J.M.) & PID2019-106947RA-C22 (B.B., J.M.), Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. SOMM17/6109/UGR (J.C., J.M., J.S.), Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain, FPU2017/01415

Published
2021

3. Consumption of Fish and ω-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies

Author

Hans Oh, Mingyang Song, Jae Il Shin, Ai Koyanagi, Louis Jacob, Andreas Kronbichler, Gaeun Kim, Michael Eisenhut, Eun Kyoung Choi, Sun Jae Jung, Lin Yang, Marco Solmi, Gwang Hun Jeong, Eunyoung Jung, Brendon Stubbs, Keum Hwa Lee, Eunyoung Cho, Joaquim Radua, Edward Giovannucci, NaNa Keum, Hyo Jin Seong, Nicola Veronese, Hyunbong Park, Lee Smith, Gabriele Gamerith, Giuseppe Grosso, Trevor Thompson, Elena Dragioti, Sarah E Jackson, Leandro Fórnias Machado de Rezende, Shuji Ogino, Jong Yeob Kim, Hans van Vliet, Sung Hwi Hong, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust National Institute for Health Research, NIHR NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South London National Institutes of Health, NIH: R35 CA197735 Maudsley Charity King’s College London National Institutes of Health, NIH: R35 CA197735, KHL, HJS, GK, GHJ, and JYK contributed equally to this work. The authors report no funding received for this study. Author Disclosures: The authors report no conflicts of interest. BS is supported by a Clinical Lectureship (ICA-CL-2017-03-001) jointly funded by Health Education England (HEE) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), is in part funded by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and is also supported by the Maudsley Charity, King’s College London, and the NIHR South London Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) funding. The time effort of SO was in part supported by US National Institutes of Health grant R35 CA197735. This paper presents independent research. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the acknowledged institutions. Address correspondence to JIS (e-mail: shinji@yuhs.ac) or EKC (e-mail: ekchoi@yuhs.ac). Supplemental Table 1 is available from the 'Supplementary data'link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at https://academic.oup.com/advances. Abbreviation used: ALA, α-linolenic acid, AMSTAR2, A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2, CUP, Continuous Update Project, DPA, docosapentaenoic acid, GRADE, Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma, NA, not assessable, PI, prediction interval, PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, WCRF/AICR, Word Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research., The time effort of SO was in part supported by US National Institutes of Health grant R35 CA197735., Lee, K.H., Seong, H.J., Kim, G., Jeong, G.H., Kim, J.Y., Park, H., Jung, E., Kronbichler, A., Eisenhut, M., Stubbs, B., Solmi, M., Koyanagi, A., Hong, S.H., Dragioti, E., De Rezende, L.F.M., Jacob, L., Keum, N., Van Der Vliet, H.J., Cho, E., Veronese, N., Grosso, G., Ogino, S., Song, M., Radua, J., Jung, S.J., Thompson, T., Jackson, S.E., Smith, L., Yang, L., Oh, H., Choi, E.K., Shin, J.I., Giovannucci, E.L., and Gamerith, G.

Subjects
Male, Risk, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], BF, Medicine (miscellaneous), Review, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Prostate cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, ω-3 fatty acid, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Neoplasms, Internal medicine, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, medicine, Animals, Humans, cancer, 030212 general & internal medicine, ω-3 fatty acid, fish, cancer, umbrella review, meta-analysis, chemistry.chemical_classification, fish, Nutrition and Dietetics, umbrella review, business.industry, Endometrial cancer, Fishes, Fatty acid, Cancer, medicine.disease, R1, 3. Good health, meta-analysis, Observational Studies as Topic, chemistry, Case-Control Studies, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Meta-analysis, Female, Skin cancer, business, Liver cancer, Food Science
Abstract

Multiple studies have suggested that ω-3 fatty acid intake may have a protective effect on cancer risk; however, its true association with cancer risk remains controversial. We performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses to summarize and evaluate the evidence for the association between ω-3 fatty acid intake and cancer outcomes. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to December 1, 2018. We included meta-analyses of observational studies that examined associations between intake of fish or ω-3 fatty acid and cancer risk (gastrointestinal, liver, breast, gynecologic, prostate, brain, lung, and skin) and determined the level of evidence of associations. In addition, we appraised the quality of the evidence of significant meta-analyses by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. We initially screened 598 articles, and 15 articles, including 57 meta-analyses, were eligible. Among 57 meta-analyses, 15 reported statistically significant results. We found that 12 meta-analyses showed weak evidence of an association between ω-3 fatty acid intake and risk of the following types of cancer: liver cancer (n = 4 of 6), breast cancer (n = 3 of 14), prostate cancer (n = 3 of 11), and brain tumor (n = 2 of 2). In the other 3 meta-analyses, studies of endometrial cancer and skin cancer, there were no assessable data for determining the evidence levels. No meta-analysis showed convincing, highly suggestive, or suggestive evidence of an association. In the sensitivity analysis of meta-analyses by study design, we found weak associations between ω-3 fatty acid intake and breast cancer risk in cohort studies, but no statistically significant association in case-control studies. However, the opposite results were found in case of brain tumor risk. Although ω-3 fatty acids have been studied in several meta-analyses with regard to a wide range of cancer outcomes, only weak associations were identified in some cancer types, with several limitations. Considering the nonsignificant or weak evidence level, clinicians and researchers should cautiously interpret reported associations between ω-3 fatty acid consumption and cancer risks. Copyright © 2020 The Author(s) on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.

Published
2020

4. Use of Two-Part Regression Calibration Model to Correct for Measurement Error in Episodically Consumed Foods in a Single-Replicate Study Design: EPIC Case Study

Author

Agogo, George O, der Voet, Hilko van, Veer, Pieter Van't, Ferrari, Pietro, Leenders, Max, Muller, David C, Sánchez-Cantalejo, Emilio, Bamia, Christina, Braaten, Tonje, Knüppel, Sven, Johansson, Ingegerd, van Eeuwijk, Fred A, Boshuizen, Hendriek, LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), IRAS RATIA-SIB, Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, [Agogo,GO, Boshuizen,H] National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. [Agogo,GO, Voet,HV, Eeuwijk,FAV, Boshuizen,H] Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands.[Veer,PV, Boshuizen,H] Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands. [Ferrari,P] Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. [Leenders,M] Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Muller,DC] Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. [Sánchez-Cantalejo,E] Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. [Bamia,C] WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. [Braaten,T] Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. [Knüppel,S] Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany. [Johansson,I] Department of Odontology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden., However, the publication cost will be covered by Wageningen University and Research Centre, Biometris, P.O. Box 100, 6700 AC WAGENINGEN should the paper be accepted for a publication., LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), IRAS RATIA-SIB, and Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents

Subjects
Male, Parametric Analysis, Medicin och hälsovetenskap, Nutrition and Disease, Calibration (statistics), Test Statistics, lcsh:Medicine, markers, Overfitting, Statistical Inference, outcomes, Medical and Health Sciences, Wiskundige en Statistische Methoden - Biometris, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Neoplasms, Surveys and Questionnaires, Voeding en Ziekte, Statistics, Medicine, Prospective Studies, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Regression analysis, Estudios Prospectivos, Replicate, Diseases::Neoplasms [Medical Subject Headings], Middle Aged, PE&RC, Neoplasias, Diet Records, Europe, Survival Rate, Biometris, nutrition, Physical Sciences, Calibration, instruments, Regression Analysis, Dieta, Female, dietary self-report, Statistics (Mathematics), Bayesian Statistics, Research Article, Adult, Heteroscedasticity, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies::Prospective Studies [Medical Subject Headings], General Science & Technology, Logit, Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet [Medical Subject Headings], Research and Analysis Methods, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Nutrition Assessment [Medical Subject Headings], Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies [Medical Subject Headings], Covariate, MD Multidisciplinary, Humans, cancer, Statistical Methods, Statistical Hypothesis Testing, Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, Aged, VLAG, disease, Observational error, Models, Statistical, business.industry, lcsh:R, Evaluación Nutricional, Feeding Behavior, Estudios Longitudinales, Estudios Epidemiológicos, Survival Analysis, Nutrition Assessment, lcsh:Q, Food Habits, business, Mathematics, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies [Medical Subject Headings], Generalized Linear Model
Abstract

Journal Article; In epidemiologic studies, measurement error in dietary variables often attenuates association between dietary intake and disease occurrence. To adjust for the attenuation caused by error in dietary intake, regression calibration is commonly used. To apply regression calibration, unbiased reference measurements are required. Short-term reference measurements for foods that are not consumed daily contain excess zeroes that pose challenges in the calibration model. We adapted two-part regression calibration model, initially developed for multiple replicates of reference measurements per individual to a single-replicate setting. We showed how to handle excess zero reference measurements by two-step modeling approach, how to explore heteroscedasticity in the consumed amount with variance-mean graph, how to explore nonlinearity with the generalized additive modeling (GAM) and the empirical logit approaches, and how to select covariates in the calibration model. The performance of two-part calibration model was compared with the one-part counterpart. We used vegetable intake and mortality data from European Prospective Investigation on Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. In the EPIC, reference measurements were taken with 24-hour recalls. For each of the three vegetable subgroups assessed separately, correcting for error with an appropriately specified two-part calibration model resulted in about three fold increase in the strength of association with all-cause mortality, as measured by the log hazard ratio. Further found is that the standard way of including covariates in the calibration model can lead to over fitting the two-part calibration model. Moreover, the extent of adjusting for error is influenced by the number and forms of covariates in the calibration model. For episodically consumed foods, we advise researchers to pay special attention to response distribution, nonlinearity, and covariate inclusion in specifying the calibration model. Yes

Published
2014

5. Risk of brain tumours in relation to estimated RF dose from mobile phones: results from five Interphone countries

Author

Lynne D. Richardson, Elisabeth Cardis, Martine Vrijheid, Alistair Woodward, Graham G. Giles, Rodrigo Villegas, Jordi Figuerola, Marie-Élise Parent, Daniel Krewski, Bruce K. Armstrong, Martine Hours, Julianne Brown, Avital Jarus-Hakak, L. Montestruq, Louise Nadon, Angela Chetrit, Chen Hoffmann, Siegal Sadetzki, Mary L. McBride, Joseph D. Bowman, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, University of Melbourne-School of Population Health, Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR T9405), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency (BCCRC), Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center-Gertner Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], School of Population Health, University of Auckland [Auckland], Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Department of Population health, Hospital Research Centre-University of Montreal, Funding for the Interphone Study was provided by the European Fifth Framework Program, 'Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources' (contract QLK4-CT-1999901563), the International Union against Cancer (UICC). The UICC received funds for this purpose from the Mobile Manufacturers' Forum and GSM Association. Provision of funds to the Interphone Study investigators via the UICC was governed by agreements that guaranteed Interphone's complete scientific independence. The terms of these agreements are publicly available at http://www.iarc.fr/en/research-groups/RAD/RCAd.html Specific additional funds were provided for the development and analysis of the radio frequency exposure gradient and by the Fondation Santé et Radiofréquences, France and the Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Germany. The Australian centre was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (EME grant 219129), and BKA was supported by the University of Sydney Medical Foundation Program Grant and Julianne Brown by an Australian Postgraduate Award. The Cancer Council NSW and the Cancer Council Victoria provided most of the infrastructure for the project in Australia. The Canada-Montréal data collection was funded by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (project MOP-42525). Additionally, Dr Siemiatycki's research team was partly funded by the Canada Research Chair programme and by the Guzzo-CRS Chair in Environment and Cancer. Dr. Parent had salary support from the Fonds de recherche en santé du Québec. The other Canadian centres were supported by a universityeindustry partnership grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the latter including partial support from the Canadian Wireless Telecommunications Association. The CIHR universityeindustry partnerships program also includes provisions that ensure complete scientific independence of the investigators. DK is the NSERC/SSHRC/McLaughlin Chair in Population Health Risk Assessment at the University of Ottawa. Additional funding for the study in France was provided by l'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC) (contract 5142) and three network operators (Orange, SFR, Bouygues Télécom). The funds provided by the operators represented 5% of the total cost of the French study and were governed by contracts guaranteeing the complete scientific independence of the investigators. In New Zealand, funding was provided by the Health Research Council, Hawkes Bay Medical Research Foundation and the Cancer Society of New Zealand. The findings and conclusions in this paper have not been formally disseminated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy.

Subjects
Oncology, Male, epidemiological study, MESH: Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Radio Waves, non-ionising radiation, MESH: Logistic Models, MESH: Meningioma, MESH: Radio Waves, MESH: Electromagnetic Fields, MESH: Glioma, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: New Zealand, MESH: Risk Factors, Mobile phones, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Middle Aged, ionising radiation, Brain Neoplasms, MESH: Israel, risk assessment, Brain, MESH: Case-Control Studies, RF exposure assessment, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: Brain Neoplasms, Original Article, epidemiology, Female, physics, Algorithms, electromagnetic fields, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Radiation Dosage, Rf exposure, MESH: Australia, MESH: Algorithms, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Radiation Dosage, Meningioma, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Canada, Glioma, Internal medicine, medicine, cancer, Humans, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Time Factors, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Case-control study, MESH: Adult, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, MESH: Meningeal Neoplasms, hygiene/occupational hygiene, MESH: Male, MESH: Odds Ratio, Surgery, nervous system diseases, MESH: France, Increased risk, Multicenter study, MESH: Cellular Phone, business, MESH: Female, Cell Phone
Abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the associations of brain tumours with radio frequency (RF) fields from mobile phones. METHODS: Patients with brain tumour from the Australian, Canadian, French, Israeli and New Zealand components of the Interphone Study, whose tumours were localised by neuroradiologists, were analysed. Controls were matched on age, sex and region and allocated the 'tumour location' of their matched case. Analyses included 553 glioma and 676 meningioma cases and 1762 and 1911 controls, respectively. RF dose was estimated as total cumulative specific energy (TCSE; J/kg) absorbed at the tumour's estimated centre taking into account multiple RF exposure determinants. RESULTS: ORs with ever having been a regular mobile phone user were 0.93 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.18) for glioma and 0.80 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.96) for meningioma. ORs for glioma were below 1 in the first four quintiles of TCSE but above 1 in the highest quintile, 1.35 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.90). The OR increased with increasing TCSE 7+ years before diagnosis (p-trend 0.01; OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.47 in the highest quintile). A complementary analysis in which 44 glioma and 135 meningioma cases in the most exposed area of the brain were compared with gliomas and meningiomas located elsewhere in the brain showed increased ORs for tumours in the most exposed part of the brain in those with 10+ years of mobile phone use (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.13 to 6.94 for glioma). Patterns for meningioma were similar, but ORs were lower, many below 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: There were suggestions of an increased risk of glioma in long-term mobile phone users with high RF exposure and of similar, but apparently much smaller, increases in meningioma risk. The uncertainty of these results requires that they be replicated before a causal interpretation can be made.

Published
2011