1,096 results
Search Results
2. The Tiananmen Papers Revisited.
- Author
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Chan, Alfred L. and Nathan, Andrew J.
- Subjects
- *
JOURNALISM , *POLITICAL science , *AUTHENTICITY (Philosophy) ,CHINESE politics & government ,EDITORIALS - Abstract
Comments on the authenticity and editorial procedures in the introduction to the Chinese book version of the Tiananmen Papers that illuminate an understanding of Chinese politics. Discrepancies between the Chinese and the English versions; Definition of authenticity; Faulty editorial policies and processes.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Document 2: ROC White Paper, `Relations across the Taiwan Strait' (Concluding Statements), 5 July...
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations ,CHINESE politics & government ,TAIWANESE politics & government - Abstract
Evaluates the various factors that influence the relationship between mainland China and Taiwan. Details on international factors; Factors originating in mainland China; Factors arising from developments within Taiwan.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Document 1: PRC White Paper, `The Taiwan Question and Reunification of China,' 31 August 1993.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations ,CHINESE politics & government ,TAIWANESE politics & government - Abstract
Examines issues surrounding the national unity and territorial integrity of Taiwan. Significance of national reunification of China and Taiwan; Discussion on the civil war started by the Kuomintang; Position of the Chinese government regarding the settlement of the Taiwan question.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Mapping the Knowledge Domain: Research on Service-Oriented Government in China.
- Author
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Xia, Zhiqiang, Tian, Sang, and Yan, Xingyu
- Subjects
CHINESE politics & government ,VISUAL analytics ,PUBLIC administration ,BIG data - Abstract
Establishing a service-oriented government (SOG) that can satisfy the needs of the people is not only a critical research topic in the field of public administration, but also a strategic agenda officially proposed since the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). As SOG research increases, it is important to thoroughly review the topics and trajectory of research on SOG in China. This paper uses CiteSpace, a visual analysis software, to provide an up-to-date overview and systematic summary of the research topics, trajectory, and gaps in SOG research in China. SOG research in China is classified into four categories: SOG concepts, development paths, government reforms, and performance evaluations. This paper illustrates the underlying problems, such as unsystematic theoretical development, research perspectives, and deficiency of the integrated research on the development mechanism, prominent focuses, and practical applicability. We concluded by identifying new trends in SOG research in China regarding government–society relations and big data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A historical review of the control of corruption on economic crime in China.
- Author
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LIU, E. N. Z. E.
- Subjects
POLITICAL corruption ,ECONOMIC reform ,POLITICAL leadership ,SLAVERY ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical review of China’s anti-corruption efforts, from the ancient period of Chinese slavery societies to the late 1970s before China launched its profound economic reform, under the current status of the harsh crusade against corruption that the Chinese new leadership initiated. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is mainly based on a great deal of historical literature and empirical findings, with relevant comparative analysis on policies and regulations between various periods of China. Findings – The phenomenon of corruption has existed in Chinese history for thousands of years, throughout Chinese slavery societies, feudal societies, republic period and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Anti-corruption laws formed an important part of ancient Chinese legal system, and each dynasty has made continuous and commendable progress on fighting such misconduct. Innumerable initiatives have also been taken by the ruling party Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since the founding of the PRC. The PRC government created various specially designed government organizations and a series of updated regulations for preventing economic crimes. They have realized that periodic movements against corruption would no longer be helpful, and the paramount issue nowadays is indeed how bold the leaders are in striking out those unhealthy tendencies. Originality/value – This paper fills in the blanks in the Western world with a comprehensive description of, and comments on, the historical efforts on China’s corruption and economic crime prevention. It also, in various ways, provides meaningful information that links to China’s current furious war against corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. IDENTIFIYING PROBLEMS FOR THE PLANNING AND DECISION MAKING OF A SMART CITY IN CHINA: PREPARATION FOR THE 13TH FIVE YEAR PLAN.
- Author
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Ning Zhang, Miguel Baptista Nunes, and Lijun Wang
- Subjects
SMART cities ,URBAN planning ,MUNICIPAL government ,DECISION making ,CHINESE politics & government ,MIXED methods research ,FOCUS groups - Abstract
Despite its tremendous success, the Chinese Economy is still controlled by a recurring process of 5 year planning. This comprehensive National planning program occurs at all levels of the Chinese government, educational systems and state owned companies. This paper reports on a study that was made in preparation for the 13
th 5 year for the Smart City component of the upcoming city of Tianjin. The objective of this study was to identify problems in informatization, automation and centralization of command and control, so that these could be solved as part of the 5 year plan. The study followed a mixed-method approach in three stages. First, questionnaires were used to assess to sate of development of the smart city features in the different departments of the city government. Second, the study organized thematic joint development groups consisting of expert representatives from different city's departments and units. Third, results of questionnaires and thematic joint development were discussed in departmental focus groups to clarify and specify the problems and assess proposed solutions and viability of those solutions. This paper offers a classification of the identified problems, an integrative conceptual representation of these and a discussion of the importance of this identification in the overall planning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
8. External government performance evaluation in China: a case study of the ‘Lien service-oriented government project’.
- Author
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Yu, Wenxuan and Ma, Liang
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT productivity ,GOVERNMENT-funded programs ,GOVERNMENT accountability ,CHINESE politics & government ,TWENTY-first century ,PUBLIC administration - Abstract
External government evaluation projects are playing an increasingly important role in holding government in China accountable to the public. This paper looks at a large-scale project funded by a philanthropic institution. The ‘Lien service-oriented government project’ has been monitoring government performance in mainland China since 2010. The case study highlights the challenges faced by performance evaluation projects in China, as well as their potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Territorial Disputes between Adversarial States: Implications for Tsai Ing-wen's "New Southbound Policy" and Taiwan's Approach to Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea.
- Author
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Lu, Kelan (Lilly)
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,INTERNATIONAL conflict ,TERRITORIAL jurisdiction ,CHINESE politics & government ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This study examines whether the pacifying effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on territorial disputes between adversarial dyads is conditional upon the dyads' past experience of military cooperation. I built a political economy model and conducted a logistic regression analysis on the newly coded bilateral FDI data between adversarial dyads and the existing dataset by merging the rivalry data established by Thompson [51] and the territorial disputes data collected by Lee and Mitchell [42]. I found that when bilateral FDI flows between adversarial dyads reach a certain level the pacifying effect of FDI is stronger for adversarial dyads with past military cooperation. I also found that while past military cooperation has a pacifying effect in general, past military cooperation that occurred more recently has a stronger pacifying effect than those that occurred a while ago. Moreover, based upon the theoretical model and empirical findings in this paper, I investigated the political implications for Tsai Ing-wen's "New Southbound Policy" and Taiwan's approach to the territorial dispute issues in the South China Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Making sense of teacher leadership in early childhood education in China.
- Author
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Wang, Mo and Ho, Dora
- Subjects
TEACHER leadership ,EDUCATION ,EDUCATIONAL change ,EDUCATIONAL quality ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to offer a theoretical discussion on teacher leadership in early childhood education (ECE) in Chinese contexts. Since 2010, the Chinese government has initiated a comprehensive education reform in ECE, with strategies for developing teacher leadership and promoting education quality. However, at the school level there is a lack of leadership preparation and development, along with a gap between policy initiative and its implementation. How to narrow this gap between policy and practice in teacher leadership has become a critical issue for ECE in China. This paper suggests that 'formal role or informal role' and 'role or practice' are important dimensions of teacher leadership in a Chinese, policy-driven context. In this regard, it is worth exploring how teacher leadership is conceptualized and enacted in the process of quality improvement and related contextual factors. In doing so, an agenda could be identified for future research, contributing to theories on the development of teacher leadership in the global discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Evolving Chinese Nationalism: Using the 2015 Military Parade as a Case.
- Author
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Liu, Yiben and Zhou, Shuhua
- Subjects
NATIONALISM ,PARADES ,CONFUCIANISM ,CONSCIOUSNESS ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
Nationalist discourse has long been an important apparatus in modern politics. This paper showed a sharp, yet subtle departure of the Chinese government in its current manipulation of nationalism. Instead of the hardcore revolutionary rhetoric, the new phase of nationalist discourse incorporated many elements of Confucianism to better consolidate the communist regime. Using the 2015 military parade as an example, this paper analyzed how the Chinese central government evoked sentiments and consciousness of nationalism by utilizing and interweaving Confucianism elements of family value, benevolent (Ren), propriety (Li), equilibrium, and harmony into the party-state's official nationalist discourse. Significance of such organized endeavors in political discourse is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Why Do Authoritarian Regimes Care about the Rule of Law? Evidence from Administrative Litigation and Elite Promotion in China.
- Author
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Jing ZHANG
- Subjects
- *
AUTHORITARIANISM , *RULE of law , *POLITICAL systems , *POLITICAL science research ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
Do authoritarian regimes care about the rule of law? By investigating China's political selection system, this paper finds that authoritarian regimes do care about the rule of law and promote it at the local level by providing local officials with promotion incentives when they enforce legal institutions effectively. This claim is demonstrated by examining rule of law measures in predicting local officials' promotion in China. Analysis of the State Council documents and 22 regulations covering over 70 percent of the countries' municipal leaders shows that formal evaluation rules for local leaders in some localities increasingly include metrics assessing the legal environment. Statistical analysis using a panel of administrative lawsuits in 279 prefectures in China during 2008-2012 supports the argument: the probability of prefecture party secretaries' promotion is highly correlated to rule of law concerns. Conversely, local officials who fail to maintain social stability, as indicated by their failure to appease social protests through legalized channels of dispute resolution, are less likely to be promoted. Using the 2011 Chinese General Social Survey data, this paper finds that citizens trust local governments more in prefectures with better legal environments, which explains why authoritarian rulers seek to promote the rule of law at the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
13. Depoliticization, Politicization, and Criminalization: How China Has Been Handling Political Prisoners since 1980s.
- Author
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Fong, Ware
- Subjects
POLITICAL prisoners ,COURTS ,CHINESE politics & government ,AUTOREGRESSIVE models ,AUTOREGRESSION (Statistics) ,POLITICAL stability - Abstract
By exploring the CECC's political prisoner database and employing three ARDL times series models and two OLS models, the paper finds that China's party-state has been dealing with political cases through depoliticization, politicization, and criminalization within and without the judiciary. The author argues that these strategies employed by China's party-state are a function of China's modernization, domestic conflicts, and the urgency to sustain political stability. Unlike what happened in the Western history where depoliticization was usually followed with democratization, China's depoliticization has been strategically utilized to justify the Party's rule over China mainly through its judicial system. China's politicization, as a fundamental political strategy, has been often applied to handle those political threats such as Falun Gong practitioners and political/civil rights fighters, who are unable to be publicly criminalized and trialed but can be penalized with covert judicial and/or extra-judicial means by the Chinese government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The Evolution of 'Socialism with Chinese Characteristics': Its Elliptical Structure of Socialist Principles and China's Realities.
- Author
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Choi, Yeonsik
- Subjects
ENLIGHTENMENT ,LIBERTY ,SOCIALISM ,SOCIOCULTURAL factors ,MARXIST philosophy ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
Since the early 20th century, China has sought an avenue for the Sinification of Marxism. China has attempted to integrate the socialist principles with China's concrete realities under the condition of new historical contexts. 'Socialism with Chinese characteristics' is a product of those efforts. The fundamental nature of 'socialism with Chinese characteristics' though, is at the center of controversy because its conceptual definition is unclear and incoherent. Indeed, socialism with Chinese characteristics has unceasingly evolved along with changes in historical settings, showing diverse patterns of practice. Accordingly, this paper sees 'socialism with Chinese characteristics' as a work in progress that is still evolving along with the interaction between the socialist principles (ideology) and Chinese characteristics (reality). Ideally the ultimate goal of 'socialism with Chinese characteristics' is to achieve national salvation by making China strong and rich. However, this desire for a strong China has been revealed in a range of volatile actions and reactions swinging between socialist principles and China's realities. This paper sheds light on the development of Chinese socialism by examining three historical periods: the integration of Marxism and China's realities in the Mao era; the road of reform and socialist modernization in the post-Mao era; and the new road to socialist spiritual civilization in the 1990s. The journey for a new Chinese civilization started with complete denial about its traditional culture. However, what we are seeing today is China's deliberate paying attention to the traditional culture. Nonetheless, socialism with Chinese characteristics that highlights the positive influence of cultural factors is still equivocal as to whether China will maintain its current pattern of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Performing Bribery in China: guanxi-practice, corruption with a human face.
- Author
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Li, Ling
- Subjects
BRIBERY ,GUANXI ,CHINESE politics & government ,POLITICAL corruption ,CORRUPTION - Abstract
Unlike most current academic studies on corruption in China, which focus on the theme of how political, economic and social environments have caused corruption at the macro-level, this paper takes a micro-view. It concentrates on the question of how corruption, notably bribery, takes place between a briber and the bribed. Moreover, it examines what exact role guanxi-practice plays in corrupt exchange and, more importantly, why it constitutes a critical element. Through in-depth case-studies derived from extensive fieldwork, this paper comes to the conclusion that the micro-level operation of corruption in China is not due to some haphazard aggregation of sporadic acts but follows certain rules and codes of conduct, which should be seen as an informal institutional mechanism facilitating the contracting process of corrupt exchange. This paper also demonstrates that guanxi-practice embodies such rules and codes of conduct. Such conduct purports to remove the legal, moral and cognitive barriers impeding the contracting process of corrupt exchange by grafting a corrupt agreement upon a social setting, in which risk of exchange safety is controlled, and moral costs and cognitive dissonance are reduced. Therefore, this paper contends that the causality link between guanxi-practice and corruption is the inverse of the view held by many. It is not that the participants of corruption are compelled to corrupt conduct because of the existence of the guanxi-practice, but on the contrary, these participants adopt guanxi-practice as an alternative operating mechanism that facilitates corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Thirty years of modern Chinese history studies: past experiences and prospective trends.
- Author
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Wei, Xie
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,HISTORY conferences ,REVOLUTIONS ,CHINESE Revolution, 1911-1912 ,CHINESE politics & government ,HISTORY - Abstract
This paper presents an overview of and comments on a symposium concerning modern Chinese history held in Beijing, China in October 2009. It is composed of four parts: first, the paradigm issues of modern Chinese historical studies; second, indigenous reorientation and the study of regional social history; third, the relationship between social history and regional social history; fourth, the history of scholarship on the Chinese revolution. All the conference participants were prestigious scholars in the fields of modern Chinese history and Ming-Qing historical studies in Mainland China. The attending scholars provided in-depth and well considered views about the macro issues of this discipline. Furthermore, the discussion was very active and productive. This paper reflects the latest trends in the field of modern Chinese historical studies in Mainland China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Policy paper justifies communists' ruling status.
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL parties , *POLITICAL systems , *CABINET officers , *DEMOCRACY ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
The article reports on the counter criticism sought by China by publishing a white paper on its so-called political party system. The paper entitled "China's Political Party System," published by the information office of the State Council, claims that China's current political system has been proved to be inevitable, innovative and superior. It also states that the country's multi-party cooperation system is a major manifestation of socialist democracy of the country.
- Published
- 2007
18. Across the Continents: the Global Reach of Public Affairs.
- Author
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Harris, Phil
- Subjects
CHINESE politics & government ,CORPORATE governance - Abstract
An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including dual governing system in China, impact of organizational factors in corporate governance and constituent perception.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Gender Statistics and Local Governance in China: State Feminist versus Feminist Political Economy Approaches.
- Author
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Chen, Lanyan
- Subjects
GENDER ,LOCAL government ,STATISTICS ,POLICY sciences ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
Gender statistics provide an essential tool to mainstream gender equality in policymaking through the recognition by government and the public of gender differences in all walks of life. One legacy of feminist movements since the 1990s has been a focus on the challenges women face to effect substantive equality with men. Based on the findings of a project carried out in three districts of Tianjin, this paper identifies a lack of gender statistics in China's statistical system and the resulting negative impacts on local policymaking. The findings point to weaknesses in the Chinese “state feminist” approach to gender statistics, mostly at the level of the central government. From a feminist political economy perspective, the paper argues, policymaking in China is a process built upon centralized statistical reporting systems that serve the senior governments more than local communities. Gender statistics have the potential to enhance local governance in China when policymaking becomes a site of contestation where community activists demand the use of statistics to assist policies that promote equality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Domestic actors and agendas in Chinese aid policy.
- Author
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Varrall, Merriden
- Subjects
CHINESE politics & government ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL economic assistance - Abstract
As China's aid has increased, so has scrutiny by the international development and foreign policy community. Despite recognition that foreign aid policy is a result of domestic political contests, the existing literature tends to overlook Chinese debates about the purpose of aid, and how that purpose should be achieved. This paper argues that examining these debates shows that Chinese aid is not a well-considered element of an overarching strategy. Rather, where foreign aid is considered relevant vis-à-vis China's goals, its use is hotly contested. Competing actors' varying agendas, rather than any coherent strategy, underpin inchoate aid projects. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. IPR Paper.
- Subjects
- *
INTELLECTUAL property , *INTANGIBLE property , *COMMERCIAL law ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
Reports that China has published a white paper detailing its efforts to protect intellectual property rights over the past decade. Objective of the white paper.
- Published
- 2005
22. Emergency supplies requisition negotiation principle of government in disasters.
- Author
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Liu, Jia and Xie, Kefan
- Subjects
EMERGENCY management ,NEGOTIATION ,GOVERNMENT purchasing ,EARTHQUAKES ,CHINESE politics & government ,EQUIPMENT & supplies ,METHODOLOGY - Abstract
Purpose When disasters occur, the Chinese national or local government and their relevant departments (hereinafter referred to as the government) probably need to acquire emergency supplies from suppliers. Before concluding a transaction, the public officials usually negotiate the quality and price of the emergency supplies with the suppliers. They expect to achieve the best relief effect while the suppliers want to maximize their own interests. Therefore, in order to help the government acquire inexpensive emergency supplies with high quality in a short time, the purpose of this paper is to examine the negotiation process and proposes a negotiation principle for the staff.Design/methodology/approach This paper first elaborates the characteristics and impact factors of emergency supplies requisition negotiation. Then it establishes a model describing the negotiation on price and quality of emergency supplies between the public officials and suppliers. Afterwards, it proposes an algorithm which can estimate the success rate of the negotiation. Finally, the paper employs the conclusion of the model and algorithm to analyze the emergency supplies requisition negotiation process during the China Lushan earthquake.Findings This paper proposes a “WRAD” principle of emergency supplies requisition negotiation of public officials in disasters. First, they should ensure the requisition price is not too low. Second, they would widen the difference between the high price and low price. Third, it is best for them to follow the principle of “ascending negotiation and descending choice” while selecting multiple suppliers to negotiate.Originality/value This paper establishes a model to study the emergency supplies requisition negotiation process between the public officials and suppliers based on evolutionary game theory. The model assumes that both the public officials and suppliers are not fully rational individuals, and they need time to consult with each other to find out the optimal solution. This paper proposes an innovative action principle of the public officials during the negotiation process which can help it to acquire inexpensive, high-quality, emergency supplies within a short period from the suppliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. China cracks down after investigation finds massive peer-review fraud.
- Author
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Normile, Dennis
- Subjects
CHINESE politics & government ,NANJING University (China) ,CHRONIC care model ,MEDICAL quality control ,ECONOMICS - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The Centre Decides and the Local Pays: Mandates and Politics in Local Government Financial Management in China.
- Author
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Fan, Yongmao
- Subjects
LOCAL government ,FINANCIAL management ,INTERGOVERNMENTAL fiscal relations ,FEDERAL government ,RATIONAL choice theory ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
In China, ‘the centre decides and the local pays’ means the central government decides on policies but requires its local subordinates to provide the financial resources. The politics of this practice implies that local government has to take different strategies to cope with the unfunded mandates with various consequences. As an empirical study framed by Niskanen’s rational choice theory and Dunleavy’s ‘bureau-shaping’ model, this paper examines how the unfunded mandates impact local government behaviour. Its main focus is the question of how the local officials respond, the extent to which they comply or resist and the techniques they use to adapt to these mandates. This paper finds when deciding how to pay the bill for the centre, local officials have to take a number of principles into consideration. They need to stick to the people-orientated principle and to finance money for salaries and operation to the extent that they can; they also have to see if the mandates are strictly implemented or popular among local people. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Four Worlds of Welfare: Understanding Subnational Variation in Chinese Social Health Insurance.
- Author
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Huang, Xian
- Subjects
HEALTH insurance ,SOCIAL conditions in China ,POLITICAL leadership ,AUTHORITARIANISM ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
China's social health insurance has expanded dramatically over the past decade. The increasing number of beneficiaries and benefits, however, has aggravated rather than mitigated regional disparities in health care. How can the regional variation in Chinese social health insurance be explained? This paper argues that the subnational variation in China's social health insurance results from the policy choices of central and local states. The central leadership, which is concerned about regime stability, delegates substantial discretionary authority to local state agents to accommodate diverse social needs and local circumstances. Local officials, who care about their political careers in the centralized personnel system, proactively design and implement social health insurance policy according to local situations such as fiscal resources and social risk. In specifying the rationale, conditions and patterns of regional variation in Chinese social health insurance, this paper addresses the general issue of how political leaders in an authoritarian regime respond to social needs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Fostering or Suppression? Reluctance of Chinese Privately-Owned Fixed Broadband Operators to Enter the Market from the Perspective of the Anti-Monopoly Law of China 2007.
- Author
-
Jing Wang
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT business enterprises ,ECONOMIC competition ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
In 2013 the central government of China decided to further open up the fixed broadband market for private funds, in order to boost market competition. However, to date, with regard to protecting the interests of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the administrative intervention concerning network interoperability has fostered private funds from the outside, whereas it has discouraged them from the inside. This trend puzzles existing or prospective privately-owned fixed broadband operators, and creates a brick wall for them. Moreover, because of the lack of network interoperability, many lines are constructed in China, yet these are high-priced but low-speed fixed broadband services and so, consequently, consumer welfare cannot be advanced. In theory, the Anti-Monopoly Law of China 2007 should prohibit these anti-competitive practices; however, in reality, the 2007 Act has lost its function of achieving effective competition in the fixed broadband market, as well as that of protecting the interests of privately-owned fixed broadband operators and consumer welfare. Because both effective competition and consumer welfare are unachievable in the fixed broadband sector, the ultimate objective of the Anti-Monopoly Law of China 2007, namely the public interest, which means reconciliation between the state's interest, interests of different types of enterprises and consumer welfare is sidelined. Therefore, this paper examines the survival conditions of privately-owned fixed broadband operators in China caused by administrative directives, as well as the lack of network interoperability; it analyses the antimonopoly probe into two Chinese telecommunications SOEs (2011); and it evaluates genuine functions of the 2010s telecommunications intervention policies for private funds from the Anti-Monopoly Law perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Countering New Security Threats.
- Author
-
CHAND, NARESH
- Subjects
NATIONAL security ,BALANCE of power ,HEGEMONY ,CHINESE military ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
The article discusses a white paper issued by China regarding the planning, employment and development of its military, and states its potential conflicts with Asia-Pacific countries. It mentions that the U.S. is fostering its strategy by considering Asia Pacific countries. It further mentions the security threat to China such as hegemonism, power politics and local politics, and informs the advancement that China wants in the structure of its Armed forces.
- Published
- 2013
28. What leads to official corruption in China? A politico-economic analysis of economic opportunities and government corruption across China’s provinces.
- Author
-
Yi, Feng, Gao, Zhijun, and Zhang, Honglie Helen
- Subjects
CHINESE politics & government ,POLITICAL corruption ,ECONOMIC opportunities ,COAL industry ,REAL property ,TRANSPARENCY in government - Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between economic opportunities and official corruption in China. We construct a cross-province sample of corrupted officials to analyse the effects on official corruption of mineral reserve, coal production, real estate and road construction, while including control variables such as population, GDP per capita, economic growth rate, private assets, provincial government capacity, fiscal transparency and distance of the province from Beijing. Spanning from December 2012 to November 2015, our sample contains 526 high-level government officials who worked in various provinces in China. We find through multivariate regression that economic opportunities represented by coal, minerals, real estate and road construction all have a positive and significant effect on official corruption in China at the levels of provincial department director or deputy director; meanwhile, capacity of political extraction, road construction and coal production are better indicators of official corruption at the level of governor or deputy governor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Governing the countryside through state-led programmes: A case study of Jiangning District in Nanjing, China.
- Author
-
Shen, Mingrui and Shen, Jianfa
- Subjects
HISTORY of urbanization ,URBANIZATION ,LOCAL government ,RURAL development ,CHINESE politics & government ,ANTICIPATORY governance ,HISTORY - Abstract
Over the last decade, a large part of the Chinese countryside has experienced a ‘hollowing out’ process in economy and state administration, as rapid urbanisation and development have concentrated in urban areas. To deal with this challenge, the Chinese government has launched rural programmes, resulting in significant transformation in the countryside. Applying the state rescaling theory as an analytical lens, this paper argues that these state-led rural programmes have strengthened the state role in governing the countryside significantly based on the case study of Jiangning. These programmes are not fixed yet developed and expanded through the interaction of multi-level governments. While local governments follow the discourse of the higher-level governments in this process, they also restructure the state apparatus for programme implementation. Local governments have some autonomy by echoing and responding to the initiative of the higher-level governments actively. Thus the programme evolution is not simply a top-down process as it encompasses interesting dynamics of state rescaling. Generally speaking, the state plays an important role in moving toward ‘good governance’ in rural China at the initial stage. The state-led rural programmes enable the state to regain its leading role in the countryside and restore the rural public administation to some extent. There is still a long way to go for the civil society to achieve self-governance in the countryside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Governance edging out representation? Explaining the imbalanced functions of China's people's congress system.
- Author
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Yang, Xuedong and Yan, Jian
- Subjects
REPRESENTATIVE government ,CHINESE politics & government ,DEMOCRACY ,HISTORICAL libraries - Abstract
In theory, representation is the primary function of the people's congresses. In practice, under China's party-state system, the ruling party imposes specific governance tasks on the congresses with the effect that the representative function of the People's Congress System has largely given way to its governance functions. The uneven practice of these functions has left the System facing a serious representation deficit. Based on a careful analysis of historical archives and findings from interviews and observations, this paper examines the causes and repercussions of the imbalanced functions of the People's Congress System. By proposing a Monitoring and Adaptation Model, we adopt a historical perspective to reexamine the interplay between the people's congresses and the ruling party, arguing that the imbalanced functions of the People's Congress System result from the interplay between Party monitoring and the corresponding adaptations of the people's congresses. The Party, to bolster its governing performance, has introduced an array of institutional arrangements to have the people's congresses fulfill specific governance tasks. However, the people's congresses have gained a measure of autonomy thanks to their organizational growth and institutionalization, changes to the makeup of deputies, and significant efforts by certain leaders since the end of the Cultural Revolution. Although they are expected to take on the governance functions assigned by the ruling party, the people's congresses thus enjoy greater leeway to carry out their functions selectively with an eye to improving their standing and relevance in China's political system. Ironically, the fact that the people's congresses prioritize their governance functions and that the overall performance of the party-state system gains consistent improvement may have warded off a potential representation crisis as the weak representativeness of the People's Congress System would otherwise predict. Abbreviations: PCS: The People's Congress System; CPC: The Communist Party of China; The "M&A model": The Monitoring and Adaptation Model; NPC: National People's Congress; LPCs: Local People's Congresses; CPPCC: The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Global Capitalism and China's Uneven Integration into the World Economy.
- Author
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Ling Chen
- Subjects
- *
CAPITALISM , *POLITICAL science ,ECONOMIC conditions in China ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
Despite discussions about China's rise as a global manufacturing titan and the world's third largest trading economy, few notice the unevenness of China's integration into the world economy. While some Chinese export producers have shown signs of climbing up the global value chain, most others are still trapped in a downward spiral of "race to the bottom" competition based on cheap prices. What accounts for this local variation despite the availability of cheap labor throughout coastal areas? Based on comparative case studies, the paper finds that contrary to the expectation of both neoclassical economics and state-led development theory, export upgrading was neither a natural product of market competition nor a sheer outcome of deliberate government promotion of capital-intensive investment. Rather it resulted from the complex interaction between foreign capital on the one hand and local export institutions that took root before the entrance of FDI on the other hand. While local institutions heavily influenced the direction and the magnitude of FDI's impact on local export activities, the influx of FDI at a particular period also revised the institutional arrangements governing the behavior of local governments and export businesses. This produced intended and unintended effects on the likelihood of ruinous competition or export upgrading. The paper concludes that in a transformed eraâ??one in which outsourcing and offshore production has increasingly segregated the source of proprietary knowledge from manufacturing, one should go beyond the pure focus on the amount of capital-intensive exports and high-tech investment, and should devote more attention to the important role of social coordination in overcoming ruinous competition and in nurturing the indigenous capacity for innovation and upgrading. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
32. Chinese space white paper sets new goals.
- Subjects
- *
SPACE launch industry , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *HIGH technology industries ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
The article reports that the Chinese Government has published a white paper on space activities, depicting the development of China's space industry and its plans for the near future. In the future, China will focus on the national strategic goals, strengthen its innovative capabilities and will increase the development of its space industry.
- Published
- 2006
33. The âKnowledge Economyâ and the Global Bio-political Race: The Case of China.
- Author
-
Feng Xu
- Subjects
- *
BIOPOLITICS (Sociobiology) , *SOVEREIGNTY , *POWER (Social sciences) ,CHINESE politics & government ,ECONOMIC conditions in China - Abstract
When Foucault (1980; 2003) started to work on bio-power - which might be summarized as the maximization of state/national resources, including human resources -- he was clearly linking the state to the rounding out of the population as a whole. The focus on the intimate linkage of sovereign power and bio-power was made even more important since 9/11, when the exercise of sovereign power is used to justify the protection of population at home.The importance of state sovereign power in China is certainly unquestioned, even amidst economic reform. What is new in the governmental reasoning in China is that the full development of the individual now constitutes the source of the strength of the state, and that the full development of the individual involves, among other things, self-steering of the individual. The rationality behind this shifting is that the state realizes the knowledge economy is about competing globally for talents. This might be interpreted in terms of Foucaultâs security (sécurité), âthe future-oriented management of riskâ (Valverde 2007, 172). "Knowledge economy", as a new concept, started to circulate in newspapers, magazines, media and Chinese leaders' speeches in 1998 since it first appeared in the 15th Communist Party Congress report. According to the rationalities of the state, the individual has to improve his/her physical, mental, psychological quality to prepare for and act as integral part of the new knowledge economy. This is fully in line with an emerging global elite consensus that is also evident in popularizers here in the West. Thomas Friedman's latest book The World is Flat (2005), popularizes the stakes in what he describes as a race to the top, one in which human capital/resources are identified as the deciding factor. Although Friedman does not say this, it is thus a global biopolitical race. Friedman pointedly identifies China, together with India and Brazil, as three most important players in the global race to the top.The proposed paper thus argues that China, although not a liberal society, is increasingly using governance techniques that remarkably resemble those used in the liberal society. In Foucaultâs notion of governmentality, freedom is necessary to government. Individual's freedom is not a pre-given entity, but is a product of governmental steering through the desires, needs, interests, rights, and choices of individuals (Dean 1999, 149-175). Empirical materials for this paper derive from personal interviews I conducted in China and document analyses. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
34. Comparing Democratization of Former Soviet Union (Russia) and China.
- Author
-
Feng Sun
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRATIZATION , *POLITICAL science ,RUSSIAN politics & government, 1991- ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
The collapse of the Soviet experiment and the country that embodied it, as well as the great success of Chinese economic reform and its short-lived democratic movement in the summer of 1989, have attracted much attention from lots of political scientists. The great changes were regarded as two different ways of democratization. However, 15 years later, things didn't turn out to be what the political scientists expected. Russia's backlash to a non-democracy and China's successful economic development without any solid political reform seriously question the conclusion. This paper compares the political and economic changes in the former Soviet Union (Russia) and China from a new perspective based on the additional information in the 15 years after the great events and tries to predict better the democratic future of these two big developing countries. The paper will proceed in three parts. First, I will compare the political and economic reforms of the former Soviet Union and China in the 1980's and the beginning of 1990's. I will explain why the reforms ended up differently in these communist countries. Next, I will review the literature and theories about the democracy, capitalism, and market economy from the perspectives of Western political scientists and Marxists. The interesting finding is that although different ideologies, both schools emphasize the significance of development of capitalist economy. Finally, I will demonstrate the importance of economic precondition of democracy and discuss the democratic prospect of Russia and China based on their economic development and social structure. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
35. Power Transitions, Institutions, and China's Rise in East Asia: Theoretical Expectations and Evidence.
- Author
-
Goldstein, Avery
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *POWER (Social sciences) ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
This paper examines two strands of international relations theory-- power-transition theory and institutionalist theory-- that provide the intellectual foundation for two contrasting views about the implications of China's growing capabilities. A generally pessimistic view rooted in power-transition theory sees China's rise as at least disruptive and most likely dangerous because it is expected to pose a threat to others in the region who have long enjoyed the benefits of an international order underpinned by American power. This theory predicts that a more powerful China, dissatisfied with its hitherto marginal international influence, will try to use its increasing clout to reshape that order to its liking. A generally more optimistic view rooted in institutionalist theory sees China's rise as at least presenting an opportunity for building international cooperation within East Asia that might forestall a replay of the sort of tragic great power rivalry that often characterized world politics in previous centuries and that informs the thinking of the power-transition perspective. The paper is divided in to three sections. Section one briefly introduces an essential caveat about any assessment of China's rise. Section two provides a three-fold categorization of international theories that might be employed to study the phenomenon of a rising power and then further explicates the two theoretical perspectives for interpreting China's rise that I consider here in greater detail. Section three sets forth the expectations from these theories about three putative flashpoints in East Asia-Korea, the South China Sea, and the Taiwan Strait-arenas where China's rise since the end of the Cold War has been seen as cause for concern. It also compares these competing expectations with the still skimpy empirical record of the post-Cold War era. Events in the South China Sea and Korea lend some credence to the expectations of institutionalist theory, though this evidence is inevitably inconclusive and I suggest why it may also be interpreted as consistent with power-transition theory. In the Taiwan Strait, however, the picture is less ambiguous-most of the evidence lends credence to the expectations of power-transition theory. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
36. China's Dual Track Approach to Regional Stability: Domestic Constraints and Foreign Policy.
- Author
-
Jakobson, Linda
- Subjects
- *
POWER (Social sciences) , *GOVERNMENT policy , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
China's rise as an economic and political power constitutes both an opportunity to promote regional stability as well as a threat to derail regional stability in Asia. One of the major factors effecting China's international role in the coming years will be the management of the so-called Taiwan question. Taiwan's unresolved future, as well as Sino-Japanese relations will, in turn, become increasingly significant issues within Chinese domestic politics. At present, China is doing its best to reassure its neighbors of its peaceful rise to the role of regional power. China wants to be seen as the pragmatic promoter of multilateralism to ensure regional stability, opposed to the China of previous decades, which created instability in numerous Southeast Asian countries by pursuing ideological objectives. On the other hand, when dealing with what Beijing calls a domestic affair, the so-called Taiwan question, China's stance threatens to destabilize the region, a cause of great concern throughout Asia. Increasingly, as Chinese society becomes more pluralistic, the leaders of China could conceivably come under intense pressure from factions within several domestic constituencies to adopt an even tougher stance toward Taiwan, to ensure that the goal of reunification is not nullified forever. Moreover, in the event of economic stagnation, a domestic crisis could propel the Chinese leaders to force a settlement in the Taiwan Strait in an attempt to divert public opinion away from problems at home. This paper will focus on Chinese policies in Asia, describing the development of these policies as they become more accommodating, on the one hand, while simultaneously, due to domestic constraints, more uncompromising and hard-line in the Taiwan Strait and vis-à-vis Japan. The paper will attempt to analyze the effect that the diversification of Chinese politics as well as the emphasis on China's century of humiliation have on China's dual-track Asia policy and its effects on stability in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
37. The Analysis of the Anticipated Effects on the Environment: Comparing Opinions Concerning the Central versus Local Government's Views on the Three Gorges Project in China as Well as U.S. Views on it.
- Author
-
Schaefer, Donald D. A.
- Subjects
- *
LOCAL government , *FEDERAL government , *GORGES , *ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore in detail the conflicting views between the local and national governments within China as it deals with the Three Gorges Project, as well the Bush Administration's view on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
38. Civil Society, Environmental NGOs, and Democratization in China.
- Author
-
Shui-Yan Tang and Xueyong Zhan
- Subjects
- *
NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations , *NONPROFIT organizations , *CIVIL society , *DEMOCRATIZATION ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
This paper traces the origins, structures, and functions of three types of environmental NGOs in China. It examines how various political and resource constraints have shaped their impact on civil society and democratization in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
39. China and Asian Regionalism: From Balancer to Catalyst.
- Author
-
Min Ye
- Subjects
- *
REGIONALISM , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *COALITIONS , *ECONOMIC development ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
This paper takes departure from most of current writings on China's regionalism: whether China is seeking power projection in Asia by promoting regionalism. Rather, the paper provides a systematic account for the evolution of China's regional policy since 1978. The paper argues that China's regionalist policy since 1997 was caused more by domestic consideration of stability and development than international counter-balancing, specifically changes in developmental agenda, domestic coalition politics, and intellectual thinking. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
40. Regime Durability and Endogenous Institutional Change: Private Sector Development in China.
- Author
-
Tsai, Kellee S.
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL science , *SOCIAL sciences , *PUBLIC administration , *PRIVATE sector ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
This paper proposes that informal institutions serve an important intermediate role in explaining the process of endogenous institutional change, which in turn, contributes to regime durability. The causal mechanism underlying the flexibility of formal institutions stems from the often informal interactions between various state and non-state actors at the local level. Formal institutions comprise a myriad of constraints and opportunities, which may motivate everyday actors to devise novel operating arrangements that are not officially sanctioned. With repetition and diffusion, these informal coping strategies may take on an institutional reality of their own. I call the resulting norms and practices adaptive informal institutions since they represent creative responses to formal institutional environments that actors find too constraining. Adaptive informal institutions may then inspire reform of the original formal institutions. This iterative logic is illustrated by three major institutional changes that have occurred in the course of China?s private sector development since the late 1970s. Taken together, the empirical cases show that even in non-democratic contexts, the etiology of formal institutional change may lie in the informal coping strategies devised by local actors to evade the restrictions of formal institutions. When viewed from this perspective, regime durability in China amidst the rise of potentially destabilizing social forces becomes less puzzling. Even though economic reforms have marginalized the original social bases of the Communist Party, ultimately, the most important formal institutions have proven to be flexible, and even responsive, to the actors driving the country?s economic growth, private entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Bargaining for Less Democracy: TheRole of the State in Grassroots Elections in China.
- Author
-
Wei Shan, Qi Zhang, and Mingxing Liu
- Subjects
- *
ELECTIONS , *POLITICAL science , *POLITICAL participation ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
In recent years, one of the most studied topics in Chinese politics has been village elections. Among the hypothesized sources of explanation for why a village holds successful elections or not, are socioeconomic conditions of the village (e.g., Shi, 1999; Lawrence, 1997; O’Brien, 1994). Though some have revealed empirically that the quality and competitiveness of rural elections are associated with economic factors, the very role of the state, especially the role of local governments, in the promotion of grassroots political change, has been largely ignored. Without support from officials in county or township, the central initiative of village elections had little chance to be put into reality even in economically favorable areas. It is the purpose of this paper to develop and test an elaborated theory of the behavior of local governments in promoting village elections. Our theory is based on Lampton’s bargaining model of the Chinese bureaucracy, assuming that local authorities have bargaining power with the center concerning policy implementation. Since the late of 1980s, the center has required local governments to achieve two policy goals: a participatory goal that aims at increased participation, accountability, and village autonomy through elections and an administrative goal of the execution of conventional state tasks such as tax collection, grain procurement, birth control, etc. It is proving difficult to accomplish the two goals simultaneously. For local officials, fulfilling one goal well will increase their bargaining power to get the central tacit permission to evade or resist another goal. Moreover, without central push, local governments would have little motivation to extend mass participation. So it is proposed here that the better the performance of a local government in state tasks, the less motivation it has to improve local elections, and thus the lower the quality of elections. To test this proposition, we are going to employ a set of indicators to measure the township’s performance in state tasks, such as grain procurement, rural taxation rates, birth control fines, etc. All these are hypothesized to be negatively related to election excellence, which will be an index of election quality of villages in the township. Data for all the variables are currently in the process of collection by the authors. Through a Ford Foundation Project on Local Governance in China (Grant# 1035-1122), the authors are conducting a three-province interview and survey from September to December 2003 to gather information of socioeconomic and political conditions at township and village levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Political Trust in RuralChina.
- Author
-
Lianjiang Li
- Subjects
- *
RELIABILITY (Personality trait) , *STATE governments , *REFORMS ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
Using interviews and survey data from four counties, this paper examines Chinese villagers’ trust in the state. It shows that while some villagers seem to see a monolithic state that is either trustworthy or untrustworthy, more believe that there are substantial differences between higher and lower levels of the state. For the majority of respondents, trust in “higher levels” and trust in “lower levels” are distinct. Among those who perceive a divided state, most appear to assume that higher levels, particularly the Center, are more trustworthy than lower levels. Interviews indicate that villagers who have more trust in “higher levels” than in “lower levels” appear to distinguish between the Center’s intent and its capacity. They trust that the Center’s intent is beneficent, but distrust the Center’s capacity to make local officials enforce its mass-regarding policies. These two patterns of trust have important implications. First, that many villagers believe that higher levels are more trustworthy than lower levels implies that the central state has some breathing space because dissatisfaction with lower levels does not immediately generate demands for fundamental political reforms. Second, the combination of trust in the Center’s intent and distrust in its capacity may encourage villagers to defy local officials in the name of the Center. If villagers’ rightful resistance fails, disillusionment with the intent of the Center may set in, resulting in either cynicism or radicalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Community work stations: an incremental fix of the community construction project in China.
- Author
-
Zhang, Da Wei and Yan, Miu Chung
- Subjects
COMMUNITY development ,MUNICIPAL home rule ,URBAN planning ,URBAN planning & culture ,COMMUNITY involvement ,POLITICAL autonomy ,COMMUNITIES ,CHINESE politics & government ,POLITICAL participation - Abstract
In the early 1950s, China developed an urban governance system, which always had a dual function: providing community services and exercising sociopolitical control, to ensure stability of an organized society. The economic reforms of the late 1970s, however, made the system obsolete. In 2000, China adopted a community-building policy to renew its urban governance system, in which residents' committees (RCs), self-governing mass organizations, have been assigned a major role. However, as the base of the system, RCs have been overburdened by numerous administrative responsibilities. Over-administration consequentially challenges their self-governing mandate. To resolve these double predicament, community work stations (CWSs) are being tried. This paper examines four CWS models and discusses the impacts of CWS on RCs and on the urban governance system. The paper argues that as an incremental policy response in a social engineering process, the role of CWSs in China's urban governance system is yet to be decided, particularly when they may pose challenges to the original policy intent of the community construction policy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Right to the City and Critical Reflections on China's Property Rights Activism.
- Author
-
Shin, Hyun Bang
- Subjects
PROPERTY rights ,ACTIVISM ,URBANIZATION ,DISTRIBUTIVE justice ,HOUSEHOLDS ,MUNICIPAL government ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
Wholesale clearance and eviction that typify China's urban development have often resulted in discontents among urban residents, giving rise to what critics refer to as property rights activism. This paper is an attempt to critically revisit the existing debates on the property rights activism in China. The paper refers to the perspective of the 'right to the city' to examine whose rights count in China's urban development contexts and proposes a cross-class alliance that engages both migrants and local citizens. The alliance itself will have substantial political implications, overcoming the limited level of rights awareness that mainly rests on distributional justice in China. The discussions are supported by an analysis of empirical data from the author's field research in Guangzhou, which examines how local and non-local (migrant) residents view nail-households resisting demolition and forced eviction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The Hero Ethic and the Continuity of Protest Action: A Case Study of the Protest Activists in Western Shandong.
- Author
-
WU Changqing
- Subjects
COLLECTIVE action ,ETHICS ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,PUBLIC demonstrations ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
The logic of damage has been widely used to explain the motivation of rural protesters in China. In such an explanatory frame, rural protests are triggered by situations when interest or ethics is damaged. However, this theory can only partially explain the emergence of a protest but cannot account for its continuation after protesters' interests have been compensated for or their ethical relationships have been restored. This paper is about a case study of the rural protest activists in western Shandong. The motive of the activists' continued protest is generated by the protesting action itself - the hero ethic, which is apparently different from the logic of damage. This hero ethic produces three mechanisms of mutual cooperative connections, status differentiation, and friendship rebuilding to keep protest activities going. To be specific, the mechanism of mutual cooperative connections retains the activists in the protesting group and lets them earn higher reputation with their persistent effort. When ordinary followers quit the protest because of various dilemmas, the mechanism of status differentiation distinguishes the activists from the rest and propels them to protest with even more courage. When the protest activists become disappointed with their original community, the mechanism of friendship rebuilding will be developed to get meaning of their actions outside their rural community, although such a mechanism has its own limitations, for example, group disintegration due to status competition. In the last part of the paper, the author discusses the special contribution of the hero ethic to the understanding of the rural protest politics in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
46. SHINING LIGHT ON DARK DAYS.
- Author
-
Prasso, Sheridan and Roberts, Dexter
- Subjects
TIANANMEN Square Massacre, China, 1989 ,PUBLIC demonstrations ,CHINESE politics & government, 1976-2002 ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
Reports on 'The Tiananmen Papers,' which were smuggled out of China and contain information regarding why Beijing's leaders decided to crack down on pro-reform demonstrators in 1989. How the papers could affect whoever emerges to lead China in 2002; Attempts of the government to block Web access to sites which have printed the papers; Plans to translate the papers into Chinese and smuggle them back into China.
- Published
- 2001
47. Who will keep an eye on government policy? Evidence from Chinese pharmaceutical firms.
- Author
-
Zheng, Ying, Chen, Chuanming, and Ren, Hualiang
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy ,PHARMACEUTICAL industry ,INSTITUTIONAL environment ,RESOURCE allocation ,CHINESE politics & government - Abstract
Purpose Studies on China suggest that institutional environment plays a significant role in business activities; however, the issue of how firms attend to institutional environment is largely under-explored. This paper responds to the oversight by examining the potential ways in which firms can demonstrate heterogeneity in terms of vigilance to government policy. Drawing from the attention-based view of firms and the institutional logic perspective, the authors aim to propose that firms with market logic or non-market logic will show difference in vulnerability to policy change. Further, firm ownership type and policy-leveraging capability would moderate the relationship between institutional logic and attention to policy environment.Design/methodology/approach The empirical background of this study is based on Chinese pharmaceutical firms. The new reform on health-care system launched by Chinese government in 2009 provides a fertile context to observe firms’ attention to government policy. The hypotheses are tested by using data of 145 Chinese pharmaceutical public firms from 2009 to 2013.Findings The results generally support the hypotheses: market logic has a positive effect on attention to policy, whereas non-market logic has a negative effect. The impact of market logic is weakened when firms have a higher policy-leveraging capability (in terms of getting government subsidies); the non-market logic effect is strengthened both when firms are state-owned enterprises and have a higher policy-leveraging capability.Originality/value Instead of focusing on how institutional environment have an influence on firm behavior as previous studies do, this paper examines the interaction between institution and firms by exploring how firms pay attention to government policy. Under the context of China, this study sheds light on how institutional logic plays a role in determining cognitive resource allocation of firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Carrots and Sticks: A Case Study of Government-Caused Danwei Tradition in Chinese NGOs.
- Author
-
Xiao, Mengli and Lin, Haozhou
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT policy ,NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations ,ANTISLAVERY movements ,CHINESE politics & government ,TWENTY-first century ,ECONOMIC activity - Abstract
Copyright of Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary & Nonprofit Organizations is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Ethnic variation in network composition in Ürümchi: do state policies matter?
- Author
-
Zang, Xiaowei
- Subjects
ETHNICITY & society ,UIGHUR (Turkic people) ,CHINESE politics & government ,ECONOMICS ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
This paper examines the inter-group difference in social leverage ties between Uyghurs and Han Chinese in Ürümchi, China. Social leverage ties refer to high-status ties such as professionals and managers who can provide egos with information or access to education, training, employment, etc. Existing studies have suggested three hypotheses (i.e. retention of culture, homophily and neighbourhood poverty) for the mechanisms of ethnic differences in network composition. Based on the survey data the author collected in 2005, this paper suggests another main mechanism – state policies – in explaining the ethnic variations. State policies have led to in-group association and ethnic inequalities, which have limited Uyghur access to high-status individuals. Data analysis shows the Uyghur–Han difference in social leverage ties controlling for key background characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Citizenry Accountability in Autocracies.
- Author
-
Gilli, Mario and Yuan Li
- Subjects
CHINESE politics & government ,DICTATORSHIP ,DESPOTISM ,POLITICAL accountability ,REVOLUTIONS ,POLITICAL systems - Abstract
Do the citizens have a role in constraining policies in autocratic governments? Usually the political and economic literature model autocracy as if the citizens have no role in constraining leader's behavior, but actually autocratic government are afraid of possible citizens' revolts. In this paper we focus on contemporary China to analyze how citizens might induce an autocratic government to adopt congruent policies. Although there is no party or electoral competition, the leader fears deposition by coup d'état of the selectorate and revolutionary threats from citizens. We build a three player political agency model to study the role of both these constraints and we show that the effectiveness of the selectorate and of revolutionary threats are crucial factors in determining the policy outcomes. In particular, we show that the citizens can effectively discipline the leader because of the revolution threat notwithstanding the selectorate size, but this may result in a failed state when the costs of revolting and the selectorate size are small. As the size of the selectorate and the costs of revolution vary dramatically across countries, our result explain why different types of autocracies arise. In particular our model and results provide a useful framework to interpret China policy in the last twenty years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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