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In this paper, an adaptive synthesis using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) for implementations of resonator-coupled filters is proposed. The coupling matrix of in-band filtering response is achieved and optimized by the PSO-based synthesis. Meanwhile, the stopband coupling matrix of the filter is predicted based on the combination of extra resonant nodes representing stopband spurious and parasitic effect of input/output ports. In addition, an enhanced accurate prediction of filter performance is calculated by the proposed approach, considering the practical fabrication tolerance on filter design. To verify principles mentioned earlier, various resonator-coupled filters are implemented. The calculation, EM-simulation, and measurement of filters show good agreements in both passband and stopband. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, two types of substrate-integrated defected ground structure (SIDGS) resonant cells with wide upper stopband and low radiation loss are presented for filter implementation. Such SIDGS resonant cells are composed of two dissimilar DGSs surrounded by the bottom ground and metal-vias, which cannot only introduce wide stopband with low radiation loss but also be flexible for integration. Based on the aforementioned SIDGS resonant cells, single- and dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) are designed and fabricated. The single-band BPF centered at 2.40 GHz exhibits an ultrawide upper stopband up to 19.7 GHz with a rejection level of 31 dB, whereas the measured stopband total loss (i.e., including radiation, metal, and substrate loss) remains about 30% up to 19.3 GHz. The dual-band BPF operated at 2.10 and 3.78 GHz exhibits an ultrawide upper stopband up to 17.8 GHz with a rejection level of 23 dB, whereas the measured stopband total loss is less than 16% up to 11.4 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]