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One-step fabrication method for thin films and shells is developed with nature-derived eggshell membrane hydrolysates (ESMHs) and coffee melanoidins (CMs) that have been discarded as food waste. The nature-derived polymeric materials, ESMHs and CMs, prove highly biocompatible with living cells, and the one-step method enables cytocompatible construction of cell-in-shell nanobiohybrid structures. Nanometric ESMH-CM shells are formed on individual probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus, without any noticeable decrease in viability, and the ESMH-CM shells effectively protected L. acidophilus in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF). The cytoprotection power is further enhanced by Fe3+-mediated shell augmentation. For example, after 2 h of incubation in SGF, the viability of native L. acidophilus is 30%, whereas nanoencapsulated L. acidophilus, armed with the Fe3+-fortified ESMH-CM shells, show 79% in viability. The simple, time-efficient, and easy-to-process method developed in this work would contribute to many technological developments, including microbial biotherapeutics, as well as waste upcycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐cell nanoencapsulation (SCNE), a chemical strategy for sustaining the structure and functions of viable cells, strictly requires, for creation of cell‐in‐shell structures, materials that are extremely compatible with chemically labile cells. In this study, we propose the utilization of eggshell membrane hydrolysates (ESMHs) and coffee melanoidins (CMs) derived from food waste—eggshells and spent coffee grounds, respectively—as layer‐by‐layer (LbL) components. Hydrogen bonding‐based LbL construction of nanoshells on Saccharomyces cerevisiae proves greatly biocompatible, not harming the cells (viability > 99%). The ESMH/CM films are durable in a wide range of pH values and effectively protect the encapsulated cells from lethal heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) and UV‐B irradiation. The Fe3+‐mediated shell cross‐linking augments the ESMH/CM shell's durability and cytoprotectability. The natural ESMHs and CMs will add to the biomaterial arsenal for a multitude of applications that involve the interfacing of living cells and materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee melanoidins, biocompatibility, cytoprotection, eggshell membrane hydrolysates, single-cell nanoencapsulation Keywords: coffee melanoidins; biocompatibility; cytoprotection; eggshell membrane hydrolysates; single-cell nanoencapsulation EN coffee melanoidins biocompatibility cytoprotection eggshell membrane hydrolysates single-cell nanoencapsulation 1 1 1 05/10/22 20220501 NES 220501 B Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly b of food waste-derived materials, eggshell membrane hydrolysates and coffee melanoidins, is applied to the single-cell nanoencapsulation (SCNE) of I Saccharomyces cerevisiae i . The hydrogen bonding-based LbL process is extremely cytocompatible (viability > 99%), and the cell is protected from external assaults, such as heavy metals and UV-B, after the SCNE. [Extracted from the article]